Suchergebnisse

Historic architectural and urbanistic entirety of Laisvės avenue had been formed over three historic periods: government (1847-1918), interwar period (1918-1940) and Soviet times (1940-1990). Each of these periods is reflected by distinct urbanitics and architectural transformations shaping mixed visual environment of Laisvės avenue. Its uniqueness lies in the overall view of constant change. Therefore, such change should preserve not only unique urbanistic and architectural features of each era, but also the intangible heritage – the general meanings of street culture and spirit, as essential and relevant identifiers of this site. There are 19 separate and complex objects from Laisvės avenue included in the Register of Cultural Values. This makes less than 1⁄5 of all the buildings located in the avenue, which form an integral perimetrical development of both street parts. Thus, legally enforced values reflect only a part of values of Laisvės avenue, as a cultural treasure. Given that, the first part of this paper, with reference to the documents of modern heritage protection and comparing them with those of the heritage protection of the Republic of Lithuania, creates a broader assessment system, on the basis of which the buildings are evaluated in the urbanistic, façade, volume-spatial dimensions in pursuance of their identity, contextuality values, as well as artistic and rarity values of architecture. Upon the application of the given system on each architectural element forming Laisvės avenue, the predominant values of the entire Laisvės avenue, as a cultural treasure, were disclosed, namely identity and contextuality. At least a minimum identity value is characteristic to almost every building on Laisvės avenue. It stands outs that such object features like social "activity", continuity of function are the features changing in the course of time; however, namely these features are likely to link the society with the environment of Laisvės avenue by emotional relations. Contextuality value is characteristic to almost every building of government and interwar periods, whereas new objects (buildings of modern architecture) exist not as modern contextual complements to the historic setting, but as an architectural dominant disrupting the character of street historical structure and shape. The most valuable architectural objects in Laisvės avenue emerged during the period between wars, which is greatly predetermined by the relevance of their location in the composition of the urban street, as well as public/cultural purpose and high art value of architecture. Aesthetic attractiveness of Laisvės avenue is mostly disturbed by the Soviet and modern architectural buildings. Value of rarity is least characteristic to the architectural medium of Laisvės avenue. The majority of buildings do not carry this value or have minimum suchlike characteristic features. Thus, in order to preserve the cultural character of Laisvės avenue, as well as its local identity, first of all, it is necessary to protect or bring to life the former relevant functions of buildings to make them more "active" socially, ensure the affection of inhabitants or grant the features of identification that form the principal factors leading to public identification with the environment of Laisvės avenue. In the meantime, new architectural objects in Laisvės avenue should rise as qualitative modern complements of historic environment considering the feature of contextuality as the major quality criterion.

The main objective of the article is to overlook the theories of national identity during the period of Lithuanian independence (1918–1939). The paper suggests that the so-called "national style" was among the core dimensions of Lithuanian cultural policy, which was intended to strengthen the feeling of independence after the liberation from the tsarist Russia. Despite the short period in time and quite integral political basement, one can distinguish a certain variety in theories and ways of expression of national identity in spatial terms. The first decade can be related with two principal approaches. The most popular way was to get one's inspiration from forms of vernacular (rural) dwelling. Traditional silhouette, layout and woodcarving were among the essential elements of the "national style", which was intended as an appropriate style for rural settlers as well as for a wide range of public representational buildings. Another source of inspiration was Baroque style with soft lines supposed to resemble the natural surroundings of Lithuanian landscape. Baroque was also a reference to Vilnius, the historical capital of Lithuania. During the 1930's, understanding of the "national style" gradually changed towards more sophisticated tendencies. The task was to involve the progress of modernization and to preserve the national character of forms and urban structure simultaneously. In the theoretical plane, we can find ideas quite close to regionalism, suggesting to examine the national aspects of psychology and also to cherish the respect towards the natural environment. However, the ideas put on the paper distinguished with quite utopian character. The possibilities to achieve the feeling of national identity in space through the monuments were much wider. [.]

The main objective of the article is to overlook the theories of national identity during the period of Lithuanian independence (1918–1939). The paper suggests that the so-called "national style" was among the core dimensions of Lithuanian cultural policy, which was intended to strengthen the feeling of independence after the liberation from the tsarist Russia. Despite the short period in time and quite integral political basement, one can distinguish a certain variety in theories and ways of expression of national identity in spatial terms. The first decade can be related with two principal approaches. The most popular way was to get one's inspiration from forms of vernacular (rural) dwelling. Traditional silhouette, layout and woodcarving were among the essential elements of the "national style", which was intended as an appropriate style for rural settlers as well as for a wide range of public representational buildings. Another source of inspiration was Baroque style with soft lines supposed to resemble the natural surroundings of Lithuanian landscape. Baroque was also a reference to Vilnius, the historical capital of Lithuania. During the 1930's, understanding of the "national style" gradually changed towards more sophisticated tendencies. The task was to involve the progress of modernization and to preserve the national character of forms and urban structure simultaneously. In the theoretical plane, we can find ideas quite close to regionalism, suggesting to examine the national aspects of psychology and also to cherish the respect towards the natural environment. However, the ideas put on the paper distinguished with quite utopian character. The possibilities to achieve the feeling of national identity in space through the monuments were much wider. [.]

The main objective of the article is to overlook the theories of national identity during the period of Lithuanian independence (1918–1939). The paper suggests that the so-called "national style" was among the core dimensions of Lithuanian cultural policy, which was intended to strengthen the feeling of independence after the liberation from the tsarist Russia. Despite the short period in time and quite integral political basement, one can distinguish a certain variety in theories and ways of expression of national identity in spatial terms. The first decade can be related with two principal approaches. The most popular way was to get one's inspiration from forms of vernacular (rural) dwelling. Traditional silhouette, layout and woodcarving were among the essential elements of the "national style", which was intended as an appropriate style for rural settlers as well as for a wide range of public representational buildings. Another source of inspiration was Baroque style with soft lines supposed to resemble the natural surroundings of Lithuanian landscape. Baroque was also a reference to Vilnius, the historical capital of Lithuania. During the 1930's, understanding of the "national style" gradually changed towards more sophisticated tendencies. The task was to involve the progress of modernization and to preserve the national character of forms and urban structure simultaneously. In the theoretical plane, we can find ideas quite close to regionalism, suggesting to examine the national aspects of psychology and also to cherish the respect towards the natural environment. However, the ideas put on the paper distinguished with quite utopian character. The possibilities to achieve the feeling of national identity in space through the monuments were much wider. [.]

The main objective of the article is to overlook the theories of national identity during the period of Lithuanian independence (1918–1939). The paper suggests that the so-called "national style" was among the core dimensions of Lithuanian cultural policy, which was intended to strengthen the feeling of independence after the liberation from the tsarist Russia. Despite the short period in time and quite integral political basement, one can distinguish a certain variety in theories and ways of expression of national identity in spatial terms. The first decade can be related with two principal approaches. The most popular way was to get one's inspiration from forms of vernacular (rural) dwelling. Traditional silhouette, layout and woodcarving were among the essential elements of the "national style", which was intended as an appropriate style for rural settlers as well as for a wide range of public representational buildings. Another source of inspiration was Baroque style with soft lines supposed to resemble the natural surroundings of Lithuanian landscape. Baroque was also a reference to Vilnius, the historical capital of Lithuania. During the 1930's, understanding of the "national style" gradually changed towards more sophisticated tendencies. The task was to involve the progress of modernization and to preserve the national character of forms and urban structure simultaneously. In the theoretical plane, we can find ideas quite close to regionalism, suggesting to examine the national aspects of psychology and also to cherish the respect towards the natural environment. However, the ideas put on the paper distinguished with quite utopian character. The possibilities to achieve the feeling of national identity in space through the monuments were much wider. [.]

In this thesis, the interoperability of official e-documents within the European Union is analysed. The general case of e-documents interoperability problem, when a single e-document is prepared and signed by multiple parties, is considered in this work. Scientific articles provide general principles to the solution: it is suggested to integrate national platforms of e-documents and create separate document exemplars for each signatory party; however, the feasibility studies of practical implementation of this approach are not published. In order to justify the feasibility of the technological solution, the system architecture, the requirements for external system services, and conditions for system implementation were presented in this master thesis. The prototype of e-documents creation subsystem, which justifies the feasibility of the proposed architecture, was implemented. The knowledge of technological solution implementation, gained during this research, provides conditions for the development of signing software and future research in the field of cross-border e-documents interoperability.

In this thesis, the interoperability of official e-documents within the European Union is analysed. The general case of e-documents interoperability problem, when a single e-document is prepared and signed by multiple parties, is considered in this work. Scientific articles provide general principles to the solution: it is suggested to integrate national platforms of e-documents and create separate document exemplars for each signatory party; however, the feasibility studies of practical implementation of this approach are not published. In order to justify the feasibility of the technological solution, the system architecture, the requirements for external system services, and conditions for system implementation were presented in this master thesis. The prototype of e-documents creation subsystem, which justifies the feasibility of the proposed architecture, was implemented. The knowledge of technological solution implementation, gained during this research, provides conditions for the development of signing software and future research in the field of cross-border e-documents interoperability.

In this thesis, the interoperability of official e-documents within the European Union is analysed. The general case of e-documents interoperability problem, when a single e-document is prepared and signed by multiple parties, is considered in this work. Scientific articles provide general principles to the solution: it is suggested to integrate national platforms of e-documents and create separate document exemplars for each signatory party; however, the feasibility studies of practical implementation of this approach are not published. In order to justify the feasibility of the technological solution, the system architecture, the requirements for external system services, and conditions for system implementation were presented in this master thesis. The prototype of e-documents creation subsystem, which justifies the feasibility of the proposed architecture, was implemented. The knowledge of technological solution implementation, gained during this research, provides conditions for the development of signing software and future research in the field of cross-border e-documents interoperability.

In this thesis, the interoperability of official e-documents within the European Union is analysed. The general case of e-documents interoperability problem, when a single e-document is prepared and signed by multiple parties, is considered in this work. Scientific articles provide general principles to the solution: it is suggested to integrate national platforms of e-documents and create separate document exemplars for each signatory party; however, the feasibility studies of practical implementation of this approach are not published. In order to justify the feasibility of the technological solution, the system architecture, the requirements for external system services, and conditions for system implementation were presented in this master thesis. The prototype of e-documents creation subsystem, which justifies the feasibility of the proposed architecture, was implemented. The knowledge of technological solution implementation, gained during this research, provides conditions for the development of signing software and future research in the field of cross-border e-documents interoperability.

An architecture and landscape of Klaipeda is formed due to historical circumstances. The development of public spaces was influenced of inconsistent Klaipeda urban, architectural processes and political, economic crisis. Particularly, old town area of Klaipeda suffered during the Second Worl war, but fortunatly remained part of the old buildings that have stood the architectural details, emphasizing the uniqueness of this region. The beginning of the post-war construction, development of planned economy have been taken to restore the city's industry and port functions. One of the most beautiful old town area is along the Curonian Lagoon and the River Dane, which was transformed into an industrial and port serving area. Public spaces, residential buildings and other objects designed by method of Soviet typical presence. Residential zone is appropriate expanded in the northern part of the city. The space for public demands is moved away from the center. Approach to architecture and urban planning has changed radically after restoration of independence. Today old buildings of Klaipeda are restored, castle area is managed and updated. The John's hill is put in order and given to public interests. Anglers street Reconstruction is scheduled - there should be a pedestrian walkway. One after the other projects are springing up to the aim – to adapt historic places of Klaipeda for recreational public activities. The aim is to develop Latvians - the city by the sea and the bay - image.

Creative economy consists of such areas as publishing, advertising, architecture, design, art, crafts, fashion, television, films, software, music, toys, and others. The areas of the creative economy are grouped in different lists suggested both by scholars and by government. The concept of creative society arises both from the ever-increasing creative challenges in society and from the emergence of the creative economy. However, the creative society presupposes the existence of creative individuals and the economic environment within it. The paper deals both with the different classification of the creative economy and with the concept of a creative society.

Creative economy consists of such areas as publishing, advertising, architecture, design, art, crafts, fashion, television, films, software, music, toys, and others. The areas of the creative economy are grouped in different lists suggested both by scholars and by government. The concept of creative society arises both from the ever-increasing creative challenges in society and from the emergence of the creative economy. However, the creative society presupposes the existence of creative individuals and the economic environment within it. The paper deals both with the different classification of the creative economy and with the concept of a creative society.

Many different positioning systems for ordinary IT users were developed since GPS technology became available not only to US military. Those systems led to new kind of services – location-based services. Some of the widely used positioning systems are analyzed in this work and their main functionality is marked out, positioning technologies compared. Architecture of multi-user positioning system and its main implementations aspects are given. Also there is an analysis of distributed system development and testing issues that may lead to project failure or its cost rising and a software development and testing model suggested. This is a practical model which lets reduce the risk of failure.

Many different positioning systems for ordinary IT users were developed since GPS technology became available not only to US military. Those systems led to new kind of services – location-based services. Some of the widely used positioning systems are analyzed in this work and their main functionality is marked out, positioning technologies compared. Architecture of multi-user positioning system and its main implementations aspects are given. Also there is an analysis of distributed system development and testing issues that may lead to project failure or its cost rising and a software development and testing model suggested. This is a practical model which lets reduce the risk of failure.