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Актуальность статьи обусловлена необходимостью развития профессионально-значимых компетенций студентов архитектурно-строительных специальностей. Деятельность выпускников данных профессий оказывает существенное влияние на окружающую нас материальную среду и вследствие этого имеет особую социальную значимость. Для осуществления профессиональной деятельности в этой области помимо технических знаний наиболее важными оказываются компетенции в области культуры. Все это вместе требует развития профессионально-культурной идентичности студентов архитектурно-строительных специальностей. Автором проведен SWOT-анализ условий развития профессиональной и культурной идентичности студентов архитектурно-строительных специальностей, осуществлена периодизация и обоснованы организационно-педагогические условия формирования профессионально-культурной идентичности, включающие в себя описание каждого этапа с оценочной привязкой к курсу обучения студента, рассмотрены задачи, требующие решения на каждом из описанных этапов. Выработка у студентов архитектурно-строительных специальностей профессиональной картины мира с позиции культуросообразности в дальнейшем должна отразиться на результатах их деятельности по созданию предметного окружения, отражающего внутренние потребности человека и общества в конкретном культурном контексте.
The relevance of the article is due to the need to develop professional competencies of students majoring in architecture and construction. The activities of graduates of these professions have a significant impact on the material environment and, as a result, have particular social significance. In addition to technical knowledge, cultural competencies are the most important for professional activities in this field. This fact conditions the development of the vocational and cultural identity of students majoring in architecture and construction. The author carried out SWOT analysis of the conditions for the development of professional and cultural identity of students majoring in architecture and construction, carried out periodization and substantiated organizational and pedagogical conditions for the formation of vocational and cultural identity, including the description of each stage with an evaluation link to the student's course of study, considered the tasks at each stage. The development professional picture of the world at students majoring in architecture and construction from a cultural perspectiveis supposed to affect the results of their activities to create a substantive environment that reflects the internal needs of a person and society in a specific cultural context.

The paper constitutes a short review of the second-order visual mechanisms studies. Their contribution to the process of the visual attention controlling is being of great interest today. Basic and neural network approaches in the modeling of the second-order visual mechanisms are discussed. The authors report the results of network training when modulated textures were used as training sets, and also present, as an example, the architecture of fast-learning classifier with accuracy more than 98% on test set. The representations obtained through learning are demonstrated. The results of convolutional autoencoders' training to extract the envelope of the textures, that are modulated in contrast, orientation, and spatial frequency, are presented as well. The successful learning architectures are given as examples. The authors assume that using of convolutional networks in the modeling of the second-order visual mechanisms provides the great perspective, while the results can be used in the algorithms of saliency maps development.

Candida auris is a pathogenic fungus that causes infections in people with weakened immune
systems. It is resistant to antimicrobial drugs, which complicates treatment. C. auris poses a
serious threat to public health, as it has a high resistance and contagiousness. The ribosome plays
an important role in the survival and development of this infection, and the search for inhibitors of the C. auris ribosome is of great importance. We used cryoelectron microscopy and single
particle analysis to obtain the three-dimensional structure of the C. auris ribosome. We describe
the architecture of the ribosome subunits and their interactions, providing valuable information
for the development of novel anti-fungals against C. auris.

The article assesses the chances of Russia's inclusion in the rapidly developing in the space of «Greater Eurasia» e-Commerce. The essence of the transformation of value chains in cross-border markets of consumer goods through e-Commerce is characterized; the existing architecture of marketplaces in Europe and Asia is considered; the limitations of our country's participation in the processes of digitalization of international trade are revealed. The information and regulatory aspects of the problem are touched upon. The conclusion, according to which Russia is able to form a competitive national infrastructure for digital trading if solve the dilemma of regulation and will also attract national digital platform for Federal information systems.

According to the generally accepted view there were no stained-glass windows in ancient Russian religious architecture. This opinion is undoubtedly based on the absence of stained-glass sets in the then-existing temples that have survived to this day. The information collected by the author of the article, on the contrary, testifies to the use of stained-glass windows in the architecture of Ancient Rus. One of such testimonies is the discovery of three stained-glass windows in the Yaroslavl' Kremlin, in the cultural layers of the first half of the 13th century. To establish the place of production, the windows were studied using optical emission spectrography. The analysis in all three cases showed the same chemical composition - wood-ash lead glass.. This type of glass was imported to Rus', and is well known in stained glass windows of the twelfth-fifteenth centuries proceeding from what is now Germany and Austria. An additional argument for the non-local origin of the Yaroslavl' finds is the use of casting and rolling techniques in the manufacture of glass. The present study makes it possible to expand the geography of the distribution of glass with the indicated composition, which, until recently, was mainly limited to the area of Central Europe. The uniformity of all the characteristics of the stained-glass finds indicates that they belong to a single set of stained-glass windows. Most likely, they were used in the Assumption Cathedral, the only stone building that existed in Yaroslavl' in the pre-Mongolian period. It was founded, according to chronicles, in 1215 by the Rostov prince Konstantin Vsevolodovich. The question of how stained-glass windows from German-speaking countries ended up in Yaroslavl' was resolved owing to the art history research by V.V. Sedov, who established that the Assumption Cathedral in the capital of the principality, Rostov, was founded by the same prince Konstantin Vsevolodovich in 1213 and built with the participation of Romanesque - apparently German - craftsmen who worked on creating the decor of the building. This suggests that the German craftsmen also took part in the decoration of the Yaroslavl' Cathedral, and this was why the material for future stained-glass compositions was brought to Rus'.

This article considers the ideational and political contexts in which Project 5-100, the Russian excellence in higher education initiative emerged, as well as the specificities of its organisational and behavioural model. While Project 5-100 has been studied in the academic literature as regards its efficiency and how it affected the performance and inner workings of the participating universities, the question of how the project came about and the characteristic traits of its internal set-up still remain largely overlooked. The study focuses on the involvement of local and international players, arguing that their successful and organic cooperation influenced both the architecture and the implementation of the project. This paper contributes to the literature on policy networks by showing that transnational actors do not necessarily undermine or challenge state power and can on the contrary help governments implement systemic change. Inspired by the international experience of establishing world-class universities, Project 5-100 was conceived and lobbied by a small but influential group of visionaries pushing for change who – acting in a concerted and purposive manner – acquired a novel and powerful capacity to use international expertise for the development of a key national project, capable of deeply transforming the country's higher educational system.

The article analyses the EU approach towards pan-European security, the substance that was eroded by the Brussels' activities. The EU policy resulted into degradation the pan-European security architecture. It became a hostage of the trans-Atlantic solidarity. One of the main aims of transforming European economic communities into the EU was to establish itself as a hegemon in Europe and to reorganize the European sphere on its own rules and principles. Political expedience became superior over economic performance in the EU policies. The EU claimed to represent the whole Europe though not all the European states were its members. Due to the EU and NATO activities the OSCE turned into a minor organization unable to address the challenges of pan-European security. The EU policy has led to creation of new conflicts and division lines in Europe. The EU-Russian relations are considered in the context of pan-European security. The mechanisms for dialogue and cooperation in various fields, including security, are broken. The EU is pursuing the policy of pushing Russia out of Europe. The Ukrainian crisis is an artificial product of the EU. The concept of pan-European security needs critical review and rethinking the role of Russia.

In the study is to analyze the current systemic problems of world finance, including the dominant changes in the architecture of world finance, the expansion of the role of central banks and states in general in the regulation of the global financial market. Structural and historical analysis methods are used in the course of the study. The paradigm of the transition from the financialization of the world economy to its definancialization is determined, in connection with which the necessity of state regulation of national financial markets and cross-border movements of capital between developed and developing countries is justified. The factors and the historical evolution of the financialization of the economy have been investigated, the main consequences of financialization for the national financial markets and the global economy are identified. The destructive impact of the level of financial depth of the economy on the world economy as a whole has been proved. The need to develop national and supranational measures to regulate financial markets is justified, with the allocation of structural, institutional and monetary and financial conditions for their implementation in practice, including optimization of adoption mechanisms strategic decisions and planning, methods and tools aimed at expanding state supervision and regulation of financial markets and generally definancing the global economy and developing its real sector.

The article establishes: a) the fact of significant institutional differences between groups of companies in the Russian retail trade; b) the trend of increasing these differences in recent years. Criteria for structuring a sample of large companies in the form of a number of clusters that differ in their institutional strength and compete with each other are identified and tested. Among the criteria — presence in ratings, market coverage, participation in business associations, size and complexity of companies, etc. The mechanism of dominance of market leaders over other companies is revealed on the basis of the concept of institutional rent received by a group of leading companies from the income of «lagging» companies; the conditions for the transition of companies from one group to another are revealed. Based on the analysis of information about retail chains included in the selected clusters, estimates of their integrated financial and economic indicators are given; the comparative dynamics of the latter is revealed. The hypothesis about the significance of institutional differences in clusters for the dynamics of the industry as a whole and individual groups of companies is confirmed. The article substantiates proposals for forecasting such institutional transformations of markets, scenarios of which take into account the existing market hierarchies of dominant and other companies. Recommendations are put forward to improve state regulation of industry development, taking into account the existing market architecture.

The article seeks to identify the features of creative industries in Japanese cities with a population over 1 million people. Since there is no universal definition of creative industries in Japan and no officially adopted classification, we analyzed and aggregated various sources of information to develop a classification of creative industries, which takes into account specific features of Japanese culture and traditions. The analysis of creative industries in the largest cities has revealed that the advanced creative industry, i. e. "IT and computer services", is the most developed creative sector in Japan. The most widely spread traditional industries include "crafts and applied arts" and "architecture". For all 12 cities included in the analysis we calculated specialization coefficients, i.e. the ratio of the share of creative organizations and employed in the creative industries in a city to the corresponding shares of the industry in the country, and built petal diagrams for all creative industries. As a result, we have obtained an understanding about creative profiles of all largest Japanese cities. We applied a comparative-geographical method to identify territorial differences in the development of creative industries in Japanese cities, and a cartographic method to reveal the territorial structure of creative industries at the national level. The study has shown that the creative industries are unevenly distributed over the country and the territorial structure of creative industries in Japan is monocentric with hyperconcentration in Tokyo, the "creative hub" of the whole country, which is intended to become a creative center of Asia. Our study revealed that as the city's population decreases, the number of creative organizations and people employed in creative industries is declining quite steadily. The progress of the creative sector is an important component of the "Cool Japan" national policy, which views Japanese traditions and cultural heritage as innovations for economic growth and the development of creative industries. Depending on the number of found creative industries we identified first-, second-, and third-order "creative cores" which have a potential to become creative centers in their regions.

The article discusses the system of N.F. Fedorov's views on language, as it was immanently formulated in his various articles and notes, laconic, aphoristic and fragmentary. Architecture and scale of Fedorov's ideas along with fundamental incompleteness as a huge project open to the future are considered in the article. An important dominant of Fedorov's thought is 'bodiliness', on the one hand, opposed to abstraction that destroys a phenomenon, including reality of human speech, and, on the other, hypostatizing thought and language as organic being. The dominant is essential for understanding culture at the turn of the XIX–XX centuries and the first half of the XX century (for instance, to understand Vladimir Solovyov's views on the nature of art, the work of Andrei Platonov). 'Bodiliness', corporality, materiality of language and thought, according to Fedorov, is the guarantee of immortality of material life. This is the explanation of Fedorov's special attraction to ideographic writing, what embodies thought in matter as "much in little". Fedorov's thinking is in a special way consonant with the search for a new style of thinking in Western philosophy at the turn of the 20th century. Fedorov returns to humanitarian knowledge bodily, material; humanitarian knowledge lacks this in order to break away from the surface and move on to the things themselves, which have preserved in their original being the seeds of immortality. The article emphasizes that thought and its linguistic expression are a symbolic designation of the common cause of resurrection in Fedorov's system, and in this it is material and has concrete outlines. The organic being of thought, belonging to life itself, has no authorship, has no place in a specific work that legitimizes it. The main conclusion of the article is about the central position of the concepts of corporality, 'bodiliness' in Fedorov's project, that at the same time represent, although an integral, but, like conceptual relations in language, incomplete system, where each thought appears as a fragment, a fragment of the world that needs to be recreated.

Статья посвящена исследованию особенностей преподавания рисунка и живописи на строительном факультете. Ее актуальность определяется потребностью качественной подготовки студентов к использованию рисунка и живописи в процессе архитектурного проектирования. В ней дан краткий обзор литературы по данной проблематике, отражены проблема, цель исследования, указаны материалы и методы исследования. В тексте описаны особенности обучения рисунку и живописи на строительном факультете. Анализируются два существующих в настоящее время подхода к обучению рисунку и живописи в архитектурно-строительных вузах. Приводится авторская позиция по этому вопросу. Отмечается необходимость междисциплинарного подхода к разработке содержания программ по данному предмету. Рассматриваются типичные затруднения, возникающие у студентов при обучении рисунку и живописи, описываются состав и структура содержания образования по данному предмету. Автор подробно останавливается на технологии мастер-классов, наиболее эффективных в обучении студентов, не имеющих довузовской художественной подготовки по программам дополнительного образования. В заключительной части статьи даны методические рекомендации для преподавателей. Статья написана в рамках компетентностного подхода к обучению студентов вуза. Она ориентирована на педагогов, преподающих рисунок и живопись на строительных факультетах классических университетов.
The article is devoted to the peculiarities of teaching drawing and painting at the faculty of civil engineering. Its relevance is determined by the need for high-quality preparation of students to use drawing and painting in the process of architectural design. The article gives a brief review of the works on this issue, reflects the problem, the purpose of the study, indicates the materials and methods of the study, describes the peculiarities of teaching drawing and painting at the faculty of civil engineering. Two currently existing approaches to teaching drawing and painting in architecture and construction universities are analyzed. The author's position on this issue is given. The need for an interdisciplinary approach to the development of the content of programs in this subject is noted. The author considers typical difficulties students encounter while studying drawing and painting, describes the composition and structure of the educational content of the subject. The author considers in detail the technology of master-classes that are the most effective in teaching students who do not have pre-collegiate preparation in art studies in programs of additional education. In the final part of the article, methodological recommendations for teachers are given. The article is written in the framework of the competence-based approach to teaching university students. It is aimed at teachers who teach drawing and painting at the faculties of civil engineering of classical universities.