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This book seeks to pose and explore a question that sheds light on the contested but largely cooperative nature of Arctic governance in the post-Cold War period: how does power matter - and how has it mattered - in shaping cross-border cooperation and diplomacy in the Arctic? Each chapter functions as a window through which power relations in the Arctic are explored. Issues include how representing the Arctic region matters for securing preferred outcomes, how circumpolar cooperation is marked by regional hierarchies and how Arctic governance has become a global social site in its own right, replete with disciplining norms for steering diplomatic behaviour. This book draws upon Russia's role in the Arctic Council as an extended case study and examines how Arctic cross-border governance can be understood as a site of competition over the exercise of authority

Preface - Arctic Governance Fran Ulmer "The most important thing for people to know about the governance of the Arctic is that we have a chance now to act to maintain the integrity of the system or to lose it. To lose it means that we will dismember the vital systems that make the Arctic work. It's not just a cost to the people who live there. It's a cost to all people everywhere." -Sylvia Earle Governance is "the processes of interaction and decision-making among the actors involved in a collective problem that lead to the creation, reinforcement, or reproduction of social norms and institutions."2 In short, it's the effort to make good decisions for society.

Arctic issues are rising around us on every field at the point of view of environment, sustainability, climate change, indigenous peoples' rights, design and society, snow and ice building knowledge, challenges and possibilities in Arctic areas. The Arctic is written in Finland's future strategies, and in 2017 Finland assumes the chairmanship of Arctic Council. In the northernmost university of European Union, University of Lapland, the northern issues have always been written in the DNA of university's actions, visions, strategy and curricula. At the moment, "northern" and "Arctic" are written in the university's strategy. According to these themes, several projects and research topics are oriented to the Arctic problems. In this context, the ArcticPro network and ArcticPro Lapland project are up to date but at the same time very normal and natural approaches in the Northern areas. ; Arctic issues are rising around us on every field at the point of view of environment, sustainability, climate change, indigenous peoples' rights, design and society, snow and ice building knowledge, challenges and possibilities in Arctic areas. The Arctic is written in Finland's future strategies, and in 2017 Finland assumes the chairmanship of Arctic Council. In the northernmost university of European Union, University of Lapland, the northern issues have always been written in the DNA of university's actions, visions, strategy and curricula. At the moment, "northern" and "Arctic" are written in the university's strategy. According to these themes, several projects and research topics are oriented to the Arctic problems. In this context, the ArcticPro network and ArcticPro Lapland project are up to date but at the same time very normal and natural approaches in the Northern areas.

This book seeks to pose and explore a question that sheds light on the contested but largely cooperative nature of Arctic governance in the post-Cold War period: how does power matter – and how has it mattered – in shaping cross-border cooperation and diplomacy in the Arctic? Each chapter functions as a window through which power relations in the Arctic are explored. Issues include how representing the Arctic region matters for securing preferred outcomes, how circumpolar cooperation is marked by regional hierarchies and how Arctic governance has become a global social site in its own right, replete with disciplining norms for steering diplomatic behaviour. This book draws upon Russia's role in the Arctic Council as an extended case study and examines how Arctic cross-border governance can be understood as a site of competition over the exercise of authority.

Research at some stage involves recourse to the literature. Literature records are usually organized according to disciplines or subjects. Research interests that cut across subject lines, as do area studies, require an independent control of the literature. Thus the Arctic and Subarctic, though unique by nature, present by reason of their extent and diversity unusual problems in the organization and control of literature. An attempt to solve these problems is being made by the Arctic Institute of North America in its "Arctic Bibliography." The history and purpose of this project, its financing, staffing, procedures with their inherent difficulties, and results are outlined below, together with some byproducts of the main effort. Research and planning in their arctic phases during World War II were constantly hampered by dearth of information, lack of ready access to it, and at times by uncertainty as to whether data required were obscurely recorded or non-existent. Most of the founders of the Arctic Institute had been in such predicament during their war service and one of the first efforts of the Institute was to provide a key to the existing literature covering its area of interest. Groundwork and financing of the project took a year's time. Its directors were drawn from the scientific community, armed services, and library world, as well as the Institute itself. Project personnel began compilation in the summer 1947; "Arctic Bibliography" began publication with three volumes in 1953, and continues to the present, volume 11 being in press and 12 in compilation. The series is designed as a permanent reference work, especially for use in research remote from the great libraries and special information centres. The early volumes are retrospective; the later ones are current and appear at about yearly intervals for use when the high-frequency listings in card or throw-away form from a variety of sources have served the immediate need and are falling into desuetude. The volumes have low maintenance cost, mere shelf room; they are easy to use, very handy for the individual scientist; and the nominal price per volume from the U.S. Government Printing Office puts them within the reach of all. .

This report presents the results of the GIWA assessment of the Russian Arctic region, which is occupying a large part of the Russian Federation and is including the Kara Sea, Laptev Sea, East Siberian Sea as well as the Russian section of the Chukchi Sea. The region contains significant stocks of natural resources, like oil and gas. The exploitation of these resources leads to severe environmental impacts, where the issues chemical pollution, oil spills and modification of ecosystems were identified as having the highest priority. The past and present status and future prospects are discussed, and the transboundary issues are traced back to their root causes. Policy options have been identified not only to preserve and restore the aquatic ecosystems and to reduce pollution, but also to aid the local population to deal with the environmental and socio-economic concerns.--Publisher's description

Although the United States is an Arctic nation, the Arctic has seldom figured prominently in US policy. In January 2009 the US released its new Arctic policy. Arctic Region Policy signals that the US is beginning to understand that the Arctic is changing in a manner that concerns its vital national interests. The core Arctic issues facing the US are resource development and international circumpolar relations. The development of oil and gas reserves in Alaska is discussed in the context of sustainable development and US domestic energy security, which are often at odds with each other. In regards to circumpolar relation, the US has traditionally been a reluctant Arctic power. It has been unwilling to take the initiative in the area of international Arctic policy. Now, the United States also must act to improve its participation in the main Arctic institutions in order to strengthen cooperation among the Arctic nations. But at the same time, the US must now face a geo-political environment that is becoming more complicated and possibly dangerous than was the case in the last decade. Thus their new policy also emphasizes the priority the US places on security by maintaining a strong military presence in the Arctic. All of these actions are already having an impact on their Arctic neighbors including Canada. This will continue to be the case as American activity increase in the region. Now that the Arctic is transforming due to climate change, resource development, globalization, and geopolitical factors,the United States can no longer ignore the Arctic.

(Published: 6 November 2015)Citation: T. Fenge. ''Arctic Message Arctic Messenger: A Review and Commentary.'' Arctic Review on Law and Politics, Vol. 6, No. 2, 2015, pp. 178–182. http://dx.doi.org/10.17585/arctic.v6.168