Suchergebnisse

We survey the contents of Finocchiaro's papers collected in Arguments about Arguments, pointing out, where appropriate, their expected interest for readers of Philosophy of the Social Sciences. The papers include essays about argument theory and reasoning, the nature of fallacies and fallaciousness, critiques of noteworthy contributions to argumentation theory, and historical essays on scientific thinking.

Intro -- Contents -- Figures and Tables -- Abbreviations -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Revelation Has Two Problems -- 1.2 Defining the Problem: "Relevance" -- 1.2.1 Structure -- 1.2.2 Strategy -- 1.3 Defining the Problem: "Violence" -- 1.4 How These Problems Relate: "Judgment" -- Chapter 2 Methodology -- 2.1 A Long History of Study -- 2.2 Metaphor Is Natural to Cognition -- 2.2.1 Conceptual Metaphor Theory -- 2.2.2 Deliberate Metaphor Theory -- 2.2.3 Blending Theory -- 2.3 Metaphor Is Natural to Comprehension -- 2.3.1 General Principles of Inferential Pragmatics -- 2.3.2 H. P. Grice -- 2.3.3 Relevance Theory -- 2.3.4 Carston's Two-Stage Theory of Metaphor Comprehension -- 2.4 A Model for Combining Rt and Cmt: Hybrid Theory -- 2.5 Acknowledgment: "Structure" and "Meaning" in Other Disciplines -- 2.6 What This Book Is Arguing -- Chapter 3 Composing the Conceptual Metaphor Argument Is War -- 3.1 Σημαίνω -- 3.1.1 Composition -- 3.1.2 Elaboration -- 3.1.3 Completion: Is It a Metaphor? -- 3.2 Metaphors in Revelation That Look like Daniel 2 -- 3.3 Argument Is War Looks like Daniel 2 -- 3.3.1 The Composition of Argument is War -- Chapter 4 Elaborating and Completing Argument Is War -- 4.1 The Elaboration of Argument Is War -- 4.1.1 Emergent Structure -- 4.1.2 Selective Projection -- 4.1.3 Recursion -- 4.1.4 Unpacking and Reverse Projection -- 4.2 The Completion of Argument Is War -- 4.2.1 Poverty of Metaphors -- 4.2.2 Metonymies -- 4.2.3 Pattern Completion and Multiple-Scope Creativity -- Chapter 5 The Linguistic Instantiation of Argument Is War -- 5.1 Metalinguistic Signals and Deliberate Metaphors -- 5.1.1 The Relative Rarity of the "A Is B" Formula -- 5.1.2 Is the War Itself a Metaphor? -- 5.2 Linguistic and Semantic Signals Other Than M-Flags -- 5.2.1 Indirectness, Similarity, and Levels of Language -- 5.2.2 Systematicity.

Sunstein and Thaler's book Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth and Happiness1, described a fictional species, Econs. Econs are perfectly rational humans. They optimise their pensions, they read the small print, and they never procrastinate. They are the citizens governments dream of.