Suchergebnisse

T he forms of state are established by the nature of the relationship between the military, on the one hand, & the Head of State, the Prime Minister & Parliament, on the other. The relationship between the President of the Republic & the Armed forces is decisive to neutralize the political intervention of the military. In a modern secular society a strong President of a legal Republic is the head of state with the best possible conditions to integrate the military into the state & to ensure civil peace & to lead a transition towards pluralist democracy. The forms of state are not irrelevant when the political subordination of the military is at stake. Appendixes. Adapted from the source document.

The article analyses the sino-american insecurity perceptions arguing that a more strategically stable relationship, although difficult to accomplish, is not impossible to achieve. What seems to lack in the bilateral dialogue is an integrative and comprehensive concept of interaction -- yet to materialize -- capable of incorporating common concepts which necessary to deal with the growing complexity and multiplicity of the political, economic, military and technological challenges envisioned. The conciliation of these two versions of exceptionalism is the greatest challenge to the bilateral relationship in the 21st century. Adapted from the source document.

The Spanish-American war was the dominant subject of the Portuguese press between April and July of I898. This article analyses the Portuguese reactions to the I898 war. On one hand, it will focus the manner in which the commentaries about the military operations developed into an exercise in cultural critique. And, on the other hand, the way in which the war was used to open a debate on the relations between Portugal and Spain, through which the old Iberian federalism of the liberal left was finally put to rest. Adapted from the source document.

Both NATO & Turkey are going through considerable changes regarding their place in the world. The former is in the process of defining a New Strategic Concept, whilst undertaking its most demanding military operation to date, in Afghanistan. The latter is redrawing its map of alliances, strategic partnerships & overall foreign policy priorities, in both its neighborhood & among the new international emerging powers. It is under this context of mutual changes that this article proposes to analyze the relationship between NATO & Turkey. Adapted from the source document.

Contrastando os Julgamentos das Juntas Militares na Argentina e os trabalhos da Comissão da Verdade e Reconciliação na África do Sul, o texto questiona de que forma a opção escolhida pela Justiça na Argentina pôde ter como correlato, observada 25 anos mais tarde, certo sacrifício ou perda da Verdade. Além disso, discute se esse sacrifício é inevitável, indaga suas razões e se pergunta sobre a possibilidade de esse questionamento contribuir para a restituição parcial dessa perda.

This article intended to investigate the instrumentality of military power for Brazil's foreign policy in the post-Cold War era. A theoretical framework for the interpretation of sovereign unities' relationship was delimitated. South America's security complex and Brazil's role in its conformation were discussed. Problems related to Brazil's defense policy and the difficulties concerning its proper articulation with foreign policy were analyzed. Finally, initiatives were suggested that could contribute to the improvement of Brazil's foreign and defense policies' interface. Adapted from the source document.

Discusses results of UN involvement in military missions, problems of peace-keeping, command and control, use of force, peace-building, and the reluctance of states to contribute troops and money. Summary in English p. 255.

It is from the second post-war that scientific internationalism became finally bonded to security strategy issues. Several international bodies created in the second post-war were focusing on issues of science. It should be noted NATO, through its Science Committee, that took care to build an Atlantic community of researchers with skills in pure science, understood as the source and mainstay of economic growth, political harmony and military force. This article will explore the NATO's role in the emergence of a culture of scientific policy in Portugal, although limited to the strict circuit of international forums regarding the topic of science and research yet reveals some not so well known episodes. Adapted from the source document.

We analyze the combined methodology developed by the South-American Defense Council (SDC) for assessing Defense expenditures. We examine its backgrounds, its limitations, its innovations and the profile of Defense budget expenditure. In this region, up to 60% of total Defense budget was allocated to personnel and their social security payroll; on the other hand, research and technology were allocated only 0.5%. From the results, we defend the modernization of both Armed Forces and Defense Ministries in South America, specially a sensible equalization of their expenditure by subject, as a requisite for increasing the sector's budget. Adapted from the source document.