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Melikhova T.O. ANALYSIS OF AVAILABLE METHODS FOR ASSESSING THE LEVEL OF ECONOMIC SECURITY OF AN ENTERPRISE FOR CONDUCTING MODERN DIAGNOSTICS OF ITS FINANCIAL CONDITIONPurpose. The purpose of the work is to analyze existing methods of assessing the level of economic security of an enterprise for conducting a modern diagnosis of its financial status in order to select the most appropriate methodology at the enterprise level. Methodology of research.The theoretical and methodological basis of the research is the situation of modern economic theory, scientific works of scientists, normative and legislative acts of Ukraine on the issues of assessing the level of economic security. In the process of research, the following methods were used: abstract-logical (to identify the essence of assessing the level of economic security as an economic category), analysis and synthesis, logical generalization, monographic (in the study of methods for assessing the level of economic security of enterprises). Findings. The analysis of the methods of assessing the level of economic security of the enterprise, given in the scientific literature, showed that among scientists there are different approaches, both to the choice of the methods themselves and the system of indicators or criteria of calculation. The critical analysis and generalized methods of assessing the economic security of enterprises are carried out, namely: 1. Methodology based on the functional components of economic security. 2. Methodology based on the indicator approach to assess the economic security of the enterprise. 3. Methodology based on an investment approach to assess the economic security of an enterprise. 4. Method of assessing the economic security of the enterprise is based on the approach of availability of net profit. 5. Methodology for assessing the level of economic security of an enterprise, which is based on a resource-functional approach, the calculations of which are carried out using an integral indicator. 6. Methodology for assessing the level of economic security of an enterprise, which is built on the basis of ball scores, when the basis for determining the level of safety are the limit values of the indicators and their rating. 7. Methodology for assessing the level of economic security of an enterprise that calculates an integral indicator of economic security in accordance with market value and economic security of its capital. Scientists give different methods and distinguish them different indicators. The most commonly used integral indicator, but the essence of any methodology for assessing the level of economic security of the enterprise remains in the study of the impact of the components on its overall level of economic security. Also, in each branch of the enterprises there are their peculiarities, since the importance of the influence of the selected components on the overall level of economic security depends on the type of its activity. Originality.It is necessary to summarize the existing methods of assessing the level of economic security of the enterprise to conduct a modern diagnosis of its financial condition.Practical value.The obtained results of the research are the basis for development of the author's methodology for calculating the period of returning investments in order to assess the incurred costs for the establishment of the company's economic security service in the short-and long-term. Key words: analysis; methodology; assessment; level; economic safety of the enterprise; financial condition. Melikhova T.O. ANALYSIS OF AVAILABLE METHODS FOR ASSESSING THE LEVEL OF ECONOMIC SECURITY OF AN ENTERPRISE FOR CONDUCTING MODERN DIAGNOSTICS OF ITS FINANCIAL CONDITIONPurpose. The purpose of the work is to analyze existing methods of assessing the level of economic security of an enterprise for conducting a modern diagnosis of its financial status in order to select the most appropriate methodology at the enterprise level. Methodology of research.The theoretical and methodological basis of the research is the situation of modern economic theory, scientific works of scientists, normative and legislative acts of Ukraine on the issues of assessing the level of economic security. In the process of research, the following methods were used: abstract-logical (to identify the essence of assessing the level of economic security as an economic category), analysis and synthesis, logical generalization, monographic (in the study of methods for assessing the level of economic security of enterprises). Findings. The analysis of the methods of assessing the level of economic security of the enterprise, given in the scientific literature, showed that among scientists there are different approaches, both to the choice of the methods themselves and the system of indicators or criteria of calculation. The critical analysis and generalized methods of assessing the economic security of enterprises are carried out, namely: 1. Methodology based on the functional components of economic security. 2. Methodology based on the indicator approach to assess the economic security of the enterprise. 3. Methodology based on an investment approach to assess the economic security of an enterprise. 4. Method of assessing the economic security of the enterprise is based on the approach of availability of net profit. 5. Methodology for assessing the level of economic security of an enterprise, which is based on a resource-functional approach, the calculations of which are carried out using an integral indicator. 6. Methodology for assessing the level of economic security of an enterprise, which is built on the basis of ball scores, when the basis for determining the level of safety are the limit values of the indicators and their rating. 7. Methodology for assessing the level of economic security of an enterprise that calculates an integral indicator of economic security in accordance with market value and economic security of its capital. Scientists give different methods and distinguish them different indicators. The most commonly used integral indicator, but the essence of any methodology for assessing the level of economic security of the enterprise remains in the study of the impact of the components on its overall level of economic security. Also, in each branch of the enterprises there are their peculiarities, since the importance of the influence of the selected components on the overall level of economic security depends on the type of its activity. Originality.It is necessary to summarize the existing methods of assessing the level of economic security of the enterprise to conduct a modern diagnosis of its financial condition.Practical value.The obtained results of the research are the basis for development of the author's methodology for calculating the period of returning investments in order to assess the incurred costs for the establishment of the company's economic security service in the short-and long-term. Key words: analysis; methodology; assessment; level; economic safety of the enterprise; financial condition. financial security of the enterprise", available at: file:///C:/Users/Nout/Downloads/assessment-of-level-of-financial-security-company.pdf (access date December20, 2017). 3. Khalina, V.Yu. (2014), "Methodical approach to assessing the level of economic security of the enterprise", available at: http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/Vchtei_2014_1_24 (access date December20, 2017). 4. Nahorna, I.I. "Estimation of Sustainable Economic Security of an Industrial Enterprise", available at: 241_nagorna_i.i._ocinka_stijkoi_ekonomichnoi_bezpeki_promislovogo pidpriemstva (access date December20, 2017). 5. Illiashenko, O.V. (2016), "Methodological basis of forming and functioning of mechanisms of enterprise economic security system", Dissertation for Dr. Sc. (Econ.), Kyiv, Ukraine, 606 p. 6. Hryshko, N.Ye. (2013), "Formation of the estimated parameters of the economic safety components of the machine-building enterprise", Visnyk sotsialno-ekonomichnykh doslidzhen, iss. 1, pp. 62-69. 7. Yaremenko, O.F. (2009), "Mechanism of management of economic safety of machine-building enterprise",Thesis abstract for Cand. Sc. (Econ.), Khmelnitsky, Ukraine, 20 p. 8. Shlemko, V.T. and Binko I.F. (1997),Ekonomichna bezpeka Ukrayiny: sutnist i napryamky zabezpechennya [Economic security of Ukraine: the essence and directions of the provision], monograph, NISD, Kyiv, Ukraine,144 p. 9. Kozachenko, G.V., Ponomarev, V.P. and Lyashenko, O.M. (2003), Ekonomicheskaya bezopasnost: sushchnost i mekhanizmy obespecheniya [Economic security: the essence and mechanisms of provision],monograph, Libra, Kyiv, Ukraine, 280 p. 10. Pilova, D.P. (2007), "Formation and estimation of economic safety of mining and concentrating enterprises",Thesis abstract for Cand. Sc. (Econ.), Kryvyi Rih, Ukraine, 16 p. 11. Pokropyvnyi, S.F (2000), Ekonomika pidpryiemstva[Economy of the enterprise

The article deals with current challenges for regional development and their impact as causes of threats to economic security. Economic security is seen as a complex multilevel system, the formation of which occurs at various levels of economy's hierarchy: the state level, an economic sector, an industry (economic activity), a region, a business enterprise, a city, a town, a village, a local territorial community, a person. It is determined that a region's internal and external environment is the key factor of its economic security. The assessment, which was carried out, enables to establish the following characteristics: structural imbalances, a gap between regional investing priorities and determined priorities, a break in the production chain, an asymmetry in technological development of regional industries, expansion of foreign companies on the domestic market, incompatibility between the system of institutions and the aims of social and economic development of regions.The research paper describes the current challenges for regional development, such as deepening of regional differences in creating tensions in regional labour markets; intensification of migration processes; growing differences in the intensity of structural changes; reducing foreign investment; institutional and fiscal decentralization; growing problems in organizing and financing social services; deepening asymmetry in the development of cross-border infrastructure, which requires a system of protection against increasing threats to economic security.A range of methodological approaches to assessing the level of economic security is generalized. A set of quantitative and qualitative indicators is suggested for evaluating the results of security assurance activities at all levels of the hierarchy: a region, a territorial community, a business enterprise, a person.The priority areas of administrative activity designed to prevent threats to economic security are identified. Given the current challenges, these priority areas include: structural reform of the economy, an increasing backbone role of state-owned entrepreneurship, inter-regional and inter-municipal cooperation, modernization of social safety in terms of personal security, strengthening safety of entrepreneurship, reinforcement of security of local communities under conditions of political, administrative, financial, fiscal, economic and environmental decentralization.The main characteristics of each area are pointed out. Further research studies are to be undertaken to empirically examine the results of these measures and identify barriers for institutional assurance of economic security.

Education is generally considered to be the core source of individuals' better life and countries' economic and social development. Consequently, attending university and getting high qualifications are perceived as tools that generate and enhance economic growth. The current study aimed to analyse the effect of various educational levels on South African economic growth. The study employed quarterly data from 1995Q1 to 2021Q4. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model was employed to assess both long-run and short-run relationships among variables. The long-run results revealed that people who completed their grade 12 (with matric certificate) and bachelor's degrees contribute positively to South African economic growth. However, honours and higher degrees (master's and PhD) were found to have an inverse relationship with economic growth in South Africa. On the other hand, the short-run relationship indicated that all education levels contribute to economic growth in the short term. Based on these findings, the author suggests that the South African higher education curriculum should be revised as the negative effect of high education towards economic growth should be resulting in growing unemployment and graduates waiting to be employed rather than creating jobs themselves. Additionally, increasing job creation for graduates with higher qualifications would reduce the number of graduates that leave the country looking for employment abroad.

Introduction. State bodies and structures are taking measures to regulate the financial security of the national economy, but the financial system has a specific architecture, and the threats inherent in the activities of its participants are now unconventional, given the political and economic circumstances. In view of this, it is necessary to study the problems of organizing the process of effective management of the state of economic security of financial institutions in order to identify the reserves for raising the level of economic security of the national economy of Ukraine by strengthening the financial sector and improving the economic security of its active participants.Purpose. The purpose of the study is to identify the problems of the effective management of the state of economic security of the entities of the national economy of Ukraine, which carry out their activities in the financial market, and the performance of which is the basis of the formation of the system of financial security of the state.Methods. Method of theoretical analyses and graphical method are used.Results. The features of the CAMELSO rating system and its possible use in the process of assessing the level of security of the banking component of the economic security of the national economy of Ukraine are established. The shortcomings of the process of assessing the level of economic security of the subjects of the financial component of the national economy of Ukraine are identified. The model of creation and functioning of the Centre for training and certification of specialists in economic security management in the financial sector of the national economy is proposed.Originality. In the course of the study, two significant management problems were identified in ensuring the economic security of the financial subsystem of the economic security of the national economy of Ukraine: the lack of adequate information and analytical support for the adoption of management decisions and disadvantages in modern approaches to its receipt and the lack of qualified personnel for the professional performance of the management of economic security elements of the national economy of Ukraine.Conclusion. The features of the CAMELSO rating system and the possibility of its use in the process of assessing the level of security of the banking component of the economic security of the national economy of Ukraine are established. The shortcomings of the process of assessing the level of economic security of the entities of the financial component of the national economy of Ukraine are identified. In particular, the deficiencies of such methods of diagnostics as accounting method, expert method, rating method, use of scoring models, method of risk estimation and normative approach were revealed. The lack of an integrated approach to assessing the level of economic security of the national economy subjects was established, which would be based on the diagnosis of the state of all functional components of their economic security. The model of creation and functioning of the Centre for training and certification of specialists in management of economic security in the financial sector of the national economy is proposed.

This study aims to analyze the level of differences based on effectiveness, statistical dependence, and mutual influence of economic indicators for ranking the regions of Kazakhstan. In the paper, a systematic algorithm of actions is used, ensuring the interconnectedness, the sequence of work, and the validity of the methods used. Several model specifications were formulated to identify interregional differences in economic development indicators: the operating data environment analysis model (DEA) and the random effects regression model (RE). The information database of the Bureau of National Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2010–2020 was used. The construction of the RE model was carried out in the SPSS program. A regression model with fixed and random effects in panel data was employed to determine the impact of the selected indicators on gross regional product produced (GRP). Based on the results, the influence of the physical volume of industrial products on GRP per capita in the regions of Kazakhstan for 11 years was revealed in both models with a high significance of coefficients. The study results can be used by public administration bodies that carry out effective strategic management by smoothing interregional differences. Moreover, they can determine the prospects for studying other parameters based on efficiency, statistical dependence, and mutual influence of economic indicators for ranking regions.
AcknowledgmentThis study has been funded by the Committee of Science of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan (grant "Priorities and mechanisms of inclusive regional development of Kazakhstan in the context of overcoming the economic recession" AP09259004).

In the modern world an undoubted increase in the economic factor of maintaining the security of states is observed. Economic security is an important element of the functioning of national economies, including the states of the eastern flank of NATO. Perceiving economic security as a balance of development needs of these states we can identify several areas of activity of its quantifiers, which can include development, infrastructure and balance opportunities and needs. To determine the levels of these quantifiers, we must use a carefully selected set of meters. One of them is Gross Domestic Product (GDP) which clearly describes the measurable features present in the analyzed national economies. The objective of this article is to attempt to indicate the level of the economic security of NATO's eastern flank states in terms of the level of economic growth measured by GDP. From an autonomous perspective, this meter does not give grounds for expressing value judgments in the context of the widely understood level of economic security, but it constitutes their necessary component and basis for further analyzes and evaluations. For the needs of the elaboration, an assumption was made, being a simplification of the economic reality, indicating that changes in annual GDP will show the level of the economic security of NATO's eastern flank states. Hence, an increase in GDP growth lower than 1.9% in a period, which the analysis refers to, is a sign of a decrease in the level of economic security of a given state and vice versa.
In all the states of NATO's eastern flank, an improvement in its level was observed, where in 2017 in all the states of NATO's eastern flank the rate of GDP growth was higher than the assumed critical threshold level of 1.9%. Years 2014–2016 also constitute a period of improvement in the level of the economic security of the analyzed states, except for Bulgaria in 2014, Estonia and Lithuania in 2015 and Estonia in 2016. While the period from 2008 to 2013 is a period when the level of the economic security of the states of NATO's eastern flank is diverse and there are no indications that it improved. In the context of the analyzed problem, the best years were 2008 and 2011, for which GDP growth was the highest. In 2008 Estonia, Latvia and Hungary were those that did not reach the critical threshold (decline in economic security). The other six states were characterized by an increase in the level of economic security. The following year is a period when all the states (except for Poland) did not register any improvement. This resulted from a general economic recession, which was observed in the region of Central and Eastern Europe. Considering the number of years for which the assumed critical threshold level of 1.9% was not reached, we can claim that the economy of Poland (2 periods: 2012–2013), and then Czech Republic, Lithuania, Latvia and Slovakia (3 periods), Romania (4 years) and Bulgaria, Estonia and Hungary (5 years) were characterized by the highest level of economic security in the analyzed period.

Introduction. Every society needs a basic rules of economic life organization. Economic and financial systems would be in complete chaos if business was not subject to the actions of certain laws. But, in general, the more economic freedom the participants of economic relations have, the greater is the probability of their economic prosperity and economic development of the state. Thus, it can be assumed that the level of economic freedom has a significant impact on the development of the economy and the financial sector, which is its inalienable component of it, and its indicator can be used as a tool of information provision for making managerial decisions at the macro level in the direction of liberalization or strengthening control over the organization of economic relations, depending on the perspective vectors of economic development. In addition, we see the prospect of using the level of economic freedom as one of the indicators of the state of economic security of the countryPurpose. The purpose of the article is to establish the relationship between the level of economic freedom in the country and the state of economic security at the micro and macro levels at the theoretical and applied levels.Methods. Formal-logical method is used to determine the basic concepts; monographic and comparative methods; method of theoretical generalization; ordering method, analysis.Results. The definitions of economic security of the subject of economic activity and economic security of the state are offered. Their content demonstrates the necessity of economic freedom as a prerequisite for achievement of economic security at macro and micro levels. The role of economic freedom in the state in the process of «securing economic security» of various types of entrepreneurial structures, institutions and organizations is specified. A retrospective analysis of the values of the index of economic freedom in Ukraine and in the world in dynamics has been carried out, the lowest positions of the rating of our state have been revealed for the separate components of the index of economic freedom in order to form an information base for establishing the relationship between the level of economic freedom in the country and the state of economic security of the country and individual business objects. The directions of use of economic freedom indices as tools for assessing the state of the economic security system of economic entities, including financial institutions, are offered.Originality. Author's definitions of economic security of the state and economic security of the business entities are offered. The dynamics of each component of the index of economic freedom is analyzed, tendencies of their changes for the past 16 years have been established. The following components of the index of economic freedom are revealed, the low values of which should attract the attention of the authorities to the problem of the need to improve their state. The connection between the indicators of economic freedom and the state of economic security of the country and the state of economic security of the business entities is explained. Proposals of the use of indicators of economic freedom as tools for evaluating the level of functional components of economic security of business entities are presented (on example of financial institutions).Conclusion.According to the results of the analysis of the values of the indices of freedom, it was found that for the business entities that are integrated into investment processes, there is a high level of threats to normal activity, taking into account the indicator of investment freedom. The value of the index of financial freedom indicates that the level of financial threats and risks is high. The indicator of monetary freedom shows a high level of macroeconomic security, which has a positive impact on the state of economic security of the participants of the economic system of the country. The value of the index of freedom of labor relations signals about the threats that are associated with personnel, staffing of business entities. Domestic business entities, considering the importance of the index of public expenditures, in the issue of securing their own economic security, have to rely only on themselves and their own resources. Indices of freedom from corruption and property rights protection should be used to assess the power of legislative influence on the state of economic security. Indices of fiscal (tax) freedom and level of public expenditure - to establish the degree of state intervention in economic processes, including, the process of providing economic security for business entities. Indices of freedom of business, freedom of labor relations, monetary freedom make it possible to evaluate the effectiveness of economic processes regulation, including the state of economic security. And the indices of freedom of trade, investment freedom and financial freedom make it possible to diagnose the level of openness of markets for goods and services that domestic enterprises, institutions and organizations conduct.

The basis of the description of the values of socio–economic security of the production system is based on the principle of extreme dispersion of industrial States along the axis of maximum security — the least security, taking into account the configuration of the composition and the degree of satisfaction of the society's needs, which determine the goals of ensuring socio–economic security. Groups of requests satisfied at various levels are formed on the systematization of requests proposed by Belarusian scientists. The degree of socio–economic security of the industrial sector, determined by the probability to meet all kinds of demands of society, is dependent on the emerging structure of production capacity. The acquired data allowed to form appropriate methodological solutions for level measurements of socio-economic security of the industrial sector.

This article is devoted to the development of methods for assessing the integrated level of macroeconomic stability of the country. Systematization of literature sources and approaches to determining the factors influencing macroeconomic stability and methods of its assessment showed that this problem is still unresolved and needs attention, given the epidemiological threats as additional factors destabilizing the world economy. The urgency of solving this scientific problem lies in need of an adequate and timely response to changes in the development of the national economy to prevent them from escalating into crisis phenomena. The study of assessing the integrated level of macroeconomic stability in the country was carried out in the article in the following logical sequence: 1) the formation of the statistical base of the study in terms of three groups of indicators: stimulants, disincentives and nominators; 2) bringing the indicators of the statistical input base of the study to a comparable form; 3) determining the priority of the impact of the components of the indicator in the integrated indicator; 4) assessment of the integrated level of macroeconomic stability, considering both the ranking of input indicators and the strength of their impact on the formation of the desired integrated indicator; 5) conducting a qualitative interpretation of the integrated level of macroeconomic stability. The methodological tools of the study were the following methods: minimax approach to the normalization of the statistical base of the study; sigma-limited parameterization method and Pareto method for determining the priority of the impact of the components of the indicators of the integrated level of macroeconomic stability; Erlang's formula for estimating the integrated level of macroeconomic stability. The study period was 2006-2019. The countries selected for the study were the following: Poland, the Czech Republic, Lithuania, Latvia, Hungary and Slovakia. The article presents the results of the assessment of the integrated indicator, which showed that Lithuania, Latvia, the Czech Republic and Poland achieved macroeconomic stability on average from 2014 at 84%, Slovakia – 65%, while Hungary had relative stability from 2010 to 2016, at the level of 76-82%, but in 2017-2018 there is a destabilization of economic development to 45%. The results of the study can be useful for public authorities in determining macroeconomic stability as an element of national economic management, the use of which will protect against financial and economic crises by taking a set of preventive measures. Keywords: Pareto diagram, macroeconomic stability, minimax approach, ranking, sigma-limited parameterization, Erlang's formula.