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This Article offers a new approach to the protection of associations under the Constitution. Although the modem Supreme Court's doctrine of freedom of association is based on expression, in the early Republic associations were understood not in terms of free speech, but in terms of freedom of assembly and popular sovereignty. On this account, associations are constitutionally significant because they allow for self-government. Popular sovereignty also offers a more useful basis for understanding freedom of association today. This Article therefore provides tools for assessing the proper scope of constitutional protections for associations once they are understood in terms of popular sovereignty, and for evaluating governmental regulations of associational life. This Article shows that associations merit constitutional protection if they directly engage in political activities, or if they equip their members with politically relevant skills. This Article sorts out different kinds of associations and evaluates the proper scope of their associational freedom.With respect to the contentious issue of whether associations should be exempt from antidiscrimination laws, the popular sovereignty approach suggests that only small, member-intensive associations should be free to select their members without governmental interference. While mass-membership organizations like the Boy Scouts or even political parties may merit some constitutional protection, their significance to popular sovereignty does not depend on their exemption from laws prohibiting discrimination.

Broadly speaking, a regional arrangement in the sphere of international politics may be described as an association of states, based upon location in a given geographic area, for the safeguarding or promotion of the participants.

Afreudite : Revista Lusófona de Psicanálise Pura e Aplicada ; A sátira é, neste artigo, a arma utilizada para responder ao relatório do INSERM sobre a eficácia das psicoterapias. A discussão sobre os critérios, os métodos e os objectivos – políticos e éticos – está aberta, tal como a questão sobre os resultados que se esperam das diversas psicoterapias: a cura em si. Assim se abriu também a discussão sobre o "estranho lugar" da psicanálise. ; A lampoon as an answer to the INSERM's estimation concerning the efficiency of psychotherapies. The criterions, the methods and the stakes – political and ethical – of valuation are under debate, as well as the question about the expected results of the psychotherapies: the question of « recovery » itself. At least, the « out-land » place of psychoanalysis is being discussed.

The domestic manifestation of the War on Terror has produced the most difficult and sustained set of controversies regarding the limits on First Amendment protections for political speech and association since the anti-Communist crusades of the Red Scare and McCarthy eras. An examination of the types of domestic terrorism prosecutions that have become common since the September 11 attacks reveals continuing and unresolved conflicts between national security needs and traditional protections for speech and (especially) associational freedoms. Yet the courts have barely begun to acknowledge, much less address, these serious issues. In the Supreme Court's only sustained engagement with these problems, the 2010 decision in Holder v. Humanitarian Law Project, the majority largely avoided the hard questions by simply asserting that 18 U.S.C. § 2339B, the federal statute forbidding the provision of material support to foreign terrorist organizations, does not directly burden either the freedom of speech or freedom of association. Lower courts have performed even more poorly, generally rejecting powerful speech and association claims with bare assertions that "there is no First Amendment right.to support terrorists."This article has taken as its major goal identifying and analyzing the First Amendment issues raised by the domestic War on Terror, focusing especially on the role of freedom of association in this context. Freedom of association has historically been a critical and basic First Amendment right, central to the process of democratic self-governance that the First Amendment protects. The right of association is also deeply implicated in many domestic terrorism prosecutions, since the essence of those prosecutions is an act of association, often combined with speech. Finally, the judiciary's bare assertions that "material support" or financial contributions do not constitute association cannot be sustained given both first principles and well-developed law outside the context of terrorism. In short, in this area the courts have failed in their basic job of honestly engaging with the law.Ultimately, however, I conclude here that there does exist a clear, textually and historically justifiable basis for limiting constitutional protections for terrorist and other violent groups. The principle derives from the textual roots of the freedom of association, which lies in the Assembly Clause of the First Amendment. The Assembly Clause, unlike the Free Speech Clause, explicitly protects only a right "peaceably to assemble," and so excludes violent groups. This simple principle, completely missed by the courts, serves to reconcile most terrorism prosecutions with the First Amendment. It cannot, of course, resolve all issues, especially when a prosecution is based primarily on speech not association, but it does much of the work. There also remain some difficult and complicated issues of definition and implementation, on which I provide some thoughts. But the basic argument advanced here is quite simple: the freedoms of association and assembly protect only peaceable association and assembly; and terrorists are not peaceable.

Jules Winterton (President, International Association of Law Libraries and Associate Director and Librarian, Institute of Advanced Legal Studies) discusses the range of national, regional and international associations, and the scope of their activities and influence. He comments on the improvements in the quality of law libraries achieved through the activities of law library associations and the consequent benefits to the users of law libraries and to the legal system. He briefly surveys the development of law library associations, including recently established associations, and describes the variety of legal status adopted by associations. He discusses the key activities of library associations: networking and the sharing of best practice; the formal expression of agreed standards and competencies; professional development and training; quality assurance and regulatory roles; representation and lobbying to government and international organisations; liaison with other organisations and with the legal profession; research and scholarship. In addition, Jules Winterton discusses the various grants and scholarships offered by law library associations to attend conferences, undertake placements and internships, or research fellowships in law librarianship. He comments on the value of law library associations.

"This treatise on the law of agricultural cooperative marketing associations is in the nature of a brief for a client." ; Mode of access: Internet.

Summary: In the Court of Justice's case law, association agreements have been recognised as forming part of the communitarian legal system since the famous 'Haegeman' judgment in 1974. The new-generation association agreements concluded by the EU with its Eastern neighbour states explicitly offer a 'stake in EU law' as one of the incentives for neighbour states to adapt to the Union's normative transfer. Less pronounced are perspectives on 'association law' itself which derives from the respective association agreements, as a distinct normative order with its own regulatory content that can influence both the associated country's legal system as well as the EU's and its Member States' legal orders. This article aims to address this gap in the literature by first defining and outlining the features of the EU 'association law' phenomenon; it then aims to provide an account of the legal nature, regulatory content as well as the legal institutional and functional features of the EU-Ukraine 'association law' derived primarily from the Association Agreement between the European Union, its Member States and Ukraine, which entered in force on 1 September 2017, as well as the burgeoning secondary association law, including joint-institutional acts. In what follows, the article will discuss the notion of EU 'association law' in the context of the European Neighbourhood Policy and the so-called 'new-generation association agreements'. It will then outline the teleological nature and instrumental logic of the EU-Ukraine 'association law' as an institution of integration, just as it will also disentangle the many layers of the institution of 'association law' – from participatory to instrumental and integration-oriented association modalities.

In France, a large number of non-profit organizations are part of the third sector (services to clients) and are as such at the intersection of the market, the state and the informal sector. At the same time, the extensive development of Civil Society Organizations (CSO) leads to the reproduction of the practices stemming from the company in these a priori non-profit organizations. Today, regarding new financial laws, those French NPOs above government supervision have to justify themselves. For example, do they bring entrepreneurship in public management? Our double case study (in French non profit organizations from the medical, sanitary and social sector) underlines the original emergence of plural forms of CSO entrepreneurship. Actors' games and innovation are observed. Besides, we can speak about social entrepreneurship when CSO configure an offer of trade service. Finally, we sometimes observe a reconfiguration of the institutional borders of the CSO, that is to say institutional entrepreneurship. ; On assiste en France à une augmentation du nombre d'associations impliquées dans le secteur public, en particulier dans le secteur médical, sanitaire et social. Ces associations du secteur privé non lucratif se trouvent à la croisée des modèles de gestion : financées essentiellement par des fonds publics elles exercent également dans des domaines liés à l'intérêt général et sont donc à ce titre sous tutelle publique. Pourtant, leur gouvernance est souvent mixte (publique, privée). La LOLF qui cherche à rationaliser l'administration française depuis 2006 pourraient mettre en péril cet équilibre à l'intersection de l'Etat et du marché. Les associations médicosociales sous tutelle publique sont aujourd'hui confrontées à une nécessité croissante de justifier leur apport au management public : est-il par exemple possible d'y trouver des formes d'entrepreneuriat innovantes et enrichissantes ? Notre double étude de cas (dans des associations médicosociales françaises sous tutelle publique) souligne l'émergence originale de formes plurielles d'entrepreneuriat associatif au sein de ces organisations : jeux d'acteurs et innovation, entrepreneuriat social voire entrepreneuriat institutionnel.

In France, a large number of non-profit organizations are part of the third sector (services to clients) and are as such at the intersection of the market, the state and the informal sector. At the same time, the extensive development of Civil Society Organizations (CSO) leads to the reproduction of the practices stemming from the company in these a priori non-profit organizations. Today, regarding new financial laws, those French NPOs above government supervision have to justify themselves. For example, do they bring entrepreneurship in public management? Our double case study (in French non profit organizations from the medical, sanitary and social sector) underlines the original emergence of plural forms of CSO entrepreneurship. Actors' games and innovation are observed. Besides, we can speak about social entrepreneurship when CSO configure an offer of trade service. Finally, we sometimes observe a reconfiguration of the institutional borders of the CSO, that is to say institutional entrepreneurship. ; On assiste en France à une augmentation du nombre d'associations impliquées dans le secteur public, en particulier dans le secteur médical, sanitaire et social. Ces associations du secteur privé non lucratif se trouvent à la croisée des modèles de gestion : financées essentiellement par des fonds publics elles exercent également dans des domaines liés à l'intérêt général et sont donc à ce titre sous tutelle publique. Pourtant, leur gouvernance est souvent mixte (publique, privée). La LOLF qui cherche à rationaliser l'administration française depuis 2006 pourraient mettre en péril cet équilibre à l'intersection de l'Etat et du marché. Les associations médicosociales sous tutelle publique sont aujourd'hui confrontées à une nécessité croissante de justifier leur apport au management public : est-il par exemple possible d'y trouver des formes d'entrepreneuriat innovantes et enrichissantes ? Notre double étude de cas (dans des associations médicosociales françaises sous tutelle publique) souligne l'émergence ...

The Homeowners Association Act applies to communities and horizontal property regimes requiring homeowners to pay assessments. The law requires governing documents to be filed, provides certain meeting notice requirements and access to association budget and membership lists. The law also requires Department of Consumer Affairs (DCA) to collect specific data on HOA complaints, compile and share it with the Governor and the General Assembly each year.

Volume 2, number 3 of the Minnesota Library Association (MLA) Bulletin was published in July, 1953. Contents include the President's report, a tentative program schedule for the 1953 MLA annual conference, the Legislative Committee report, the Vice President's report on the MLA district meetings, and a report on the Spring County Library Conference.

Volume 2, number 1 of the Minnesota Library Association (MLA) Bulletin was published in December 1952. Contents include a list of Officers, Section Chairmen and Committee Members, the 1952-1953 MLA budget, a call for applications for the MLA Scholarship, reports from the Legislative, Public Relations and Activities Committees, and a list of members of the State Board of Education.

Volume 3, number 4 of the Minnesota Library Association (MLA) Newsletter was published in April, 1976. Contents include a President's Letter stressing the importance of upcoming legislation, presentation of books to the Governor's Residence Library, a call for a Librarian's Section of the Minnesota Association for Continuing Adult Education (MACAE), announcement of the Church and Synagogue Library Association (CSLA) annual conference, Academic and Research Libraries Division Spring Conference schedule, calendar of events, nomination forms and criteria for Minnesota Librarian of the Year and Trustee of the Year, MLA MId-Winter Meeting schedule, rountable meeting reports, and MLA Board of Directors March meeting notes.

Volume 3, number 4 of the Minnesota Library Association (MLA) Bulletin was published in October 1954. Contents include a list of officers elected for 1954-55, a report on the district meetings, the Legislative Committee Report, the Report of the Committee on Intellectual Freedom, a report of the Children's, Young People's and School Librarians' Section, a report of the Membership Committee, a report from the Committee on Library Work as a Career, and other brief section reports.

Volume 8, number 2 of the Minnesota Library Association (MLA) bulletin was published in April 1959. Content includes library legislation news, announcements regarding MLA district meetings and the 1959 MLA annual conference, and the naming of the University of Minnesota's Walter Library.