Suchergebnisse

Due to the threat of a possible global climate change and the greenhouse effect caused by constituents of anthropogenic origin in the atmosphere, air quality has become a major environmental issue. As a consequence, emissions into the atmosphere need to be monitored and controlled. Measurement of Atmospheric Emissions presents technologies for emission control and analysis from industrial and energy plants. The author explains the physical and chemical basis before proceeding to the practical performance. This publication provides the reader with the knowledge necessary to critically analyze and investigate emission measurement techniques. It will be of great interest to researchers and engineers in the fields of environmental technology and air pollution control. It will assist in the choice of the most appropriate instruments for various purposes and circumstances

There is ever increasing concern about both the ozone depletion in the stratosphere and the increase in the ozone concentration in the troposphere. As a consequence, there is growing interest in total ozone surface and satellite observations, surface UV measurements and the interpretation of results to assess potential impacts of UV radiation enhancement on man and the biosphere. The volume analyses problems of total ozone and UV-B variability. Further, it treats tropospheric ozone changes as well as the responsible factors, such as air pollution, chemical and photochemical reactions coupled with air transport. Some key problems of numerical modelling are also discussed. Another subject is the development of remote sensing techniques to retrieve minor optically active components of the atmosphere

Radionuclides produced by past nuclear weapon test explosions comprise the largest source of anthropogenic radioactivity released into the earth's atmosphere to date. This volume presents data and models about the fate of the released radionuclides and their possible effects on human health. It is divided into the following three parts: - Source Term Studies; - Dose Reconstruction; - Ecological and Health Effects, and comprises both Western and formerly secret Soviet research studies, illuminates past and current research

Methane plays many important roles in the earth's environment. It is a potent "greenhouse gas" that warms the earth; controls the oxidizing capacity of the atmosphere (OH) indirectly affecting the cycles and abundances of many atmospheric trace gases; provides water vapor to the stratosphere; scavenges chlorine atoms from the stratosphere, terminating the catalytic ozone destruction by chlorine atoms, including the chlorine released from the man-made chlorofluorocarbons; produces ozone, CO, and CO2 in the troposphere; and it is an index of life on earth and so is present in greater quantities during warm interglacial epochs and dwindles to low levels during the cold of ice ages. By all measures, methane is the second only to CO2 in causing future global warming. The book presents a comprehensive account of the current understanding of atmospheric methane, and it is an end point for summarizing more than a decade of intensive research on the global sources, sinks, concentrations, and environmental role of methane

Written by internationally recognized experts in atmospheric research, this book focuses on the state of the art in topical environmental issues such as global change, forest decline, ozone depletion and acid rain. Our present knowledge of forest damage is summarized as an example of atmospheric impact on nature. Paul Crutzen, winner of the Nobel Prize in chemistry, tackles the question of how the changing chemical composition of the atmosphere influences global chemistry and climate. The future environmental impact of traffic is described from the point of view of the motor industry. These and other contributions illustrate the interaction which exists between atmosphere, technology and nature

Oxidation and removal of atmospheric constituents involve complex sequences of reactions which can lead to the production of photo-oxidants such as ozone. In order to understand and model these complex reaction sequences, it is necessary to have a comprehensive understanding of reaction mechanisms and accurate estimates of kinetic parameters for relevant gas-phase atmospheric reactions. This book presents recent advances in the field and includes the following topics: the oxidation of simple organic compounds, NOx kinetics and mechanisms, OH radical production and rate constants for the OH attack on more complex organic compounds, peroxy and alkoxy radical reactions, photo-oxidation of aromatic and biogenic compounds, the interaction between radical species, the nitrate radical and its role in night-time reactions as well as the sources and sinks of HOx and RO2. This book is volume 3 of the series on Transport and Chemical Transformation of Pollutants in the Troposphere

AbstractThe definition of sustainable development is meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Components of sustainable development include economic profitability, environmental quality, and community well‐being. For federal agencies, sustainable development is critical to their mission. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has always embraced a linkage between economic and environmental goals. However, integration of these elements into its internal operations is a new concept.This article provides a general discussion of sustainable development principles and approaches to incorporating these principles internally, and specific sustainable development initiatives at NOAA. To meet the demands of NOAA's mission requirements—including sustainable development—and the many environmentally related Presidential Executive Orders, NOAA is developing an environmental, health, and safety management information system (MIS). One element of the MIS, the chemical inventory management system, used to track laboratory chemicals to ensure the safety of employees and protection of the environment, is described in more detail. Additional modules on elements such as Asbestos and Underground Storage Tanks are planned.

The ITM conference series has always had a strong spirit of cooperation under the NATO/CCMS umbrella, and with the considerable interest fram Partner countries to participate in the ITM conferences, it provides an excellent opportunity to create ties between scientists. Whereas all previous ITM conferences have taken place in NATO countries, the 23rd ITM takes place in a Cooperative Partner country, Bulgaria, and is hosted by the National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. This fact reflects a general wish for a closer connection and collaboration among scientists fram Partner and NATO countries. This volume contains the papers from the 23rd NATO/CCMS International Technical Meetings on Air Pollution Modelling and Its Application, being held September 28 - October 2, 1998, at Riviera Holiday Club, Varna, Bulgaria. It was attended by 120 participants from 30 countries. Thanks are due to all who made it possible to plan, carry through, and follow up the meeting, and to the participants who made the conference so successful. Special thanks are due to the sponsoring institutions: ATO/CCMS EURASAP RIS0 BAS 3M NATO/CCMS - Committee on the Challenges of Modem Society EURASAP - European Association for the Science of Air Pollution RIS0 - Ris0 National Laboratory, Denmark NIMH - National Institute of Meteorology and Hydralogy, Bulgaria BAS - Bulgarian Academy of Sciences 3M Representation office, Bulgaria Prestige Business Ltd. , Bulgaria The excellent collaboration with CIM (Company for International Meetings Ltd

The book presents a series of comprehensive reviews on the relationship between changes in atmospheric circulations and changes in sea surface temperatures (SST), soil moisture, sea ice and snow. The influence of each of these boundary conditions is reviewed separately and based on the analysis of observations and sensitivity experiments with global climatemodels. Tropical SST anomalies have a profound effect on tropical circulation and rainfall; in some cases they also influence the extra-tropical atmospheric circulation. The most important conclusion ofthe book is that for monthly and seasonal predictions it is extremely important that the observed initial state of the atmosphere and the boundary conditions of SST - soil wetness, sea ice, snow depth and snow cover - be mutually consistent with each other

This volume contains the proceedings of an international workshop on the issue of `Fate of Pesticides in the Atmosphere - Implications for Risk Assessment' held in 1998 in The Netherlands. Topics include emission, dispersion, transport and transformations of pesticides in the atmosphere, and the ecotoxicological risks of pesticides in remote areas. Laboratory and field measurements are reviewed, and modeling of the atmospheric processes that affect pesticides are discussed. Various risk assessment approaches are presented, and possible statutory environmental criteria that could be incorporated into pesticide regulation in order to limit their atmospheric dispersion are explored. This is the first book to present a complete review of the science of this subject with the aim of investigating the possibilities of incorporating long-range transport potential of pesticides into protocols for estimating their environmental risks and their registration. This book will be important for atmospheric and pesticide scientists, pesticide manufacturers, pesticide regulators, and risk assessors

Shipping list no.: 98-0052-P. ; Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche. ; Includes bibliographical references. ; Mode of access: Internet.