Suchergebnisse

This thesis presents research focusing on the improvement of high-resolution global black carbon (BC) emission inventory and application in assessing the population exposure to ambient BC. A particular focus of the thesis is on the construction of a high-resolution (both spatial and sectorial) fuel consumption database, which is used to develop the emission inventory of black carbon. Above all, the author updates the global emission inventory of black carbon, a resource subsequently used to study the atmospheric transport of black carbon over Asia with the help of a high-resolution nested model. The thesis demonstrates that spatial bias in fuel consumption and BC emissions can be reduced by means of the sub-national disaggregation approach. Using the inventory and nested model, ambient BC concentrations can be better validated against observations. Lastly, it provides a complete uncertainty analysis of global black carbon emissions, and this uncertainty is taken into account in the atmospheric modeling, helping to better understand the role of black carbon in regional and global air pollution

Успадкована Україною спотворена структура промисловості, із перевантаженням брудних металургійних, хімічних та гірничорудних підприємств зумовила погіршення стану повітряного середовища. Основними джерелами антропогенного забруднення атмосфери є: виробники енергії, усі промислові об'єкти, сільське господарство, військова промисловість і військові об'єкти, транспорт, гірниче виробництво та ін. Вони забруднюють атмосферу сотнями токсичних речовин, та шкідливими фізичними полями, шумами, вібраціями, теплом тощо. За кількістю промислового забруднення на душу населення Україна посідає одне з перших місць в Європі. Захист атмосферного повітря є однією з найбільш актуальних проблем у сучасному технологічному суспільстві, оскільки науково-технічний прогрес і розширення виробництва пов'язане зі зростанням негативних антропогенних впливів на атмосферу. The hereditary structure of industry, inherited by Ukraine, with the overload of dirty metallurgical, chemical and mining enterprises caused deterioration of the atmospheric environment. The main sources of anthropogenic pollution of the atmosphere aіre: energy producers; all industrial objects; agriculture; military industry and military facilities; transport; production. They pollute the atmosphere with hundreds of toxic substances, harmful physical fields, noise, oscillations, heat, and the like. By the number of industrial pollution per capita, Ukraine is one of the first places in Europe. Protection of atmospheric air is one of the most pressing problems in modern technological society, as scientific and technological progress and expansion of production is associated with an increase in negative human-induced impacts on the atmosphere.

Based in extensive research in geology, atmospheric science, and paleontology, this book offers a detailed history of CO2 in the atmosphere, and an understanding of factors that have influenced changes in the past. The text illuminates the role of atmospheric CO2 in the modern carbon cycle and in the evolution of plants and animals, and addresses the future role of atmospheric CO2 and its likely effects on ecosystems.

These proceedings describe the current state-of-the-art of ozone research. A wide range of topics is discussed including: emissions, transport and transformation of precursors of ozone and of ozone itself, the distribution of ozone, the deposition of ozone at the earth's surface, and its effects on man and the environment. Attention is also given to the role of stratospheric ozone and the role of the ultraviolet radiation which is transmitted through the ozone layer. Finally it describes in detail present and future policy measures to reduce the ozone in the lower atmosphere and to protect the ozone layer in the stratosphere. Many of the papers describe recent developments and new research results. Research carried out in both in Europe and in the United States is described, as are the policy measures which are being taken by both European and U.S. governments.

Intro -- Preface -- Proposer -- Contents -- Climate Research and Climate Modelling -- Introduction -- References -- The Future of Earth's Climate After Paris -- 1 Current State of the Climate -- 2 Future Warming and Impacts of Climate Change -- 3 The Run-up to Paris -- 4 The Paris Agreement -- References -- Lessons from Earth's Deep Past: Climate Change and Ocean Acidification 200 Million Years Ago -- 1 Past and Present Climate Change, Ocean Acidification and Biodiversity Crises -- 2 The Earth 200 Million Years Ago -- 2.1 Biodiversity Crisis and Global Warming at the Triassic-Jurassic Boundary -- 2.2 Carbon Cycle Perturbation at the Triassic-Jurassic Boundary -- 2.3 Ocean Acidification at the Triassic-Jurassic Boundary -- 3 The Triassic-Jurassic Boundary in Hungary -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Global and Regional Climate Change, Extreme Events -- 1 Global Warming -- 2 Regional Climate Change -- 3 Regional Temperature Extremes -- 4 Regional Precipitation Extremes -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Environmental Effect of a Solar Eclipse: What Happens, When the Solar Radiation Changes? -- 1 When Solar Radiation Changes -- 1.1 Ice Ages, Glacial, Interglacial Periods -- 1.2 Sunspot Cycles, Clouds, Climate -- 1.3 Volcanic Aerosols in the Atmosphere -- 1.4 Global Dimming -- 2 Solar Eclipse and Environment -- 3 Conclusions -- References -- How Can GIS Support the Climate Protection? -- 1 Introduction: What Is GIS? -- 2 Some New GIS Data Capture and Storage Methods -- 3 GIS Data Analysis for Climate Protection -- 4 GIS Visualizations -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Contribution of Satellite Observations to Climate Science -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Climate Forcing Factors -- 3 Changes in Climate Series -- 3.1 Atmospheric Variables -- 3.2 Oceans, Cryosphere -- 4 Validation of Climate Models -- 4.1 Simulation of the Recent Climate Variations.

These proceedings describe the current state-of-the-art of ozone research. A wide range of topics is discussed including: emissions, transport and transformation of precursors of ozone and of ozone itself, the distribution of ozone, the deposition of ozone at the earth's surface, and its effects on man and the environment. Attention is also given to the role of stratospheric ozone and the role of the ultraviolet radiation which is transmitted through the ozone layer. Finally it describes in detail present and future policy measures to reduce the ozone in the lower atmosphere and to protect the ozone layer in the stratosphere. Many of the papers describe recent developments and new research results. Research carried out in both in Europe and in the United States is described, as are the policy measures which are being taken by both European and U.S. governments

To elucidate the complex responses of managed systems to elevated [CO2], several free air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) facilities were established. This volume summarizes the main findings from 13 experiments with annual crops, permanent pastures and plantation forests at 11 sites throughout the world

Procedural and legal issues in the EC's decision-making process on the internal and international level.

The commercially available filtering half masks designed to protect against smog do not meet the requirements for protection against aerosols (dusts, fumes), and even more so, against chemical substances found in the smog; often do not have the CE marking. The article presents legal requirements and presents the basic methods for assessment the effectiveness of such half masks, so that it is a safe for a potential user. The influence of the half mask construction on the protective and functional parameters was described. It is very important to use adequate filtering half mask with CE mark when so-called Smog is present in the atmospheric air.

Contributions of computer-based chemical modeling technologies on the risk assessment and the environmental fate study of (nano)pesticides.-Moss bag biomonitoring of airborne pollutants as an ecosustainable tool for air protection management: urban and agricultural scenario.-Use of Lichens in Biological Monitoring of Air Quality -- Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in atmospheric particulate matter: Sources and Effects -- Vehicular emission generated heavy metal pollution in urban ambient air and its spatial distribution in various environmental components -- Antioxidative Response of Water Macrophytes to changes in the Living Environment During Vegetation Season -- Application of grace satellite data for assessment of groundwater resources in central ganga alluvial plain, northern india -- Restoring Environmental Flows For Managing River Ecosystems: Global Scenario With Special Reference To India -- Water Security Issues In Punjab State, Northwest India -- Industrial wastewater foot printing: a need for water security in Indian context -- Fluoride Contamination and Health Effects : An Indian Scenario -- Role of industries in water scarcity and its adverse effects on environment and human health -- Interbasin Water Transfer and Policies of Water Resourge Management -- Policy Interventions in Achieving Water Security in India -- Energy Resources and Sustainable Development: An Insight Energy Resources -- Alternative fuels for sustainable development -- Microbial remediation of crude oil contaminated sites