Suchergebnisse

Die vorgestellte Verhaltens-Einstellungs-Studie geht davon aus, dass Einstellungen durch einschneidende Verhaltensänderungen beeinflusst werden. Dafür wurden bei zwei Personengruppen zu vier Messzeitpunkten vor und nach einer maßgeblichen Lebensveränderung unter anderem individuelle Einstellungsstrukturen erhoben: bei erstgebärenden Frauen und bei den Wehrdienst ableistenden Männern. Die Einstellungsstrukturen in Bezug auf zwölf bzw. zehn alltägliche Interaktionspartner (soziales Netzwerk) wurden bei den Frauen mittels eines Repertory-Grids und bei den Männern mittels Ähnlichkeitsratings im Paarvergleich erhoben und jeweils mittels nonmetrischer multidimensionaler Skalierung (MINISSA) ausgewertet. Es zeigen sich zum Berichtszeitpunkt zwar Veränderungen der individuellen Einstellungsstrukturen, jedoch keine der beiden Gruppenstrukturen. Ein fünfter Messzeitpunkt steht noch aus, bevor nach Projektabschluss endgültige Befunde veröffentlicht werden (1988).

"Attitudes toward LGBT Rights: Political Tolerance and Egalitarian Values in the United States" published on by Oxford University Press.

Data from three national surveys conducted in Sweden, 1986-1996, are drawn on to explore potential class differences in attitudes toward the welfare state & whether these changed in the face of the economic crises & growing welfare state entrenchment of the 1990s. Opinions on issues of the delivery of welfare services, the financing of various welfare policies, & suspicions of welfare fraud are focal. Results indicate little support for strict class divisions in attitudes toward welfare policies; rather, there are significant differences within the middle class based on gender, occupational sector, & occupational level. Implications for future welfare policy are discussed. 5 Tables, 6 Figures, 32 References. K. Hyatt Stewart

Reexamines the link between aging & conservatism, drawing on secondary empirical data & the literature. It has become conventional wisdom that, as people age, they become more conservative, in the sense that they are less susceptible to changing attitudes. A particularly important assumption of this common sense is that aging implies a relatively high degree of stability in the lives of individuals. However, a distinction is made between a trait, defined as a relatively stable behavioral predisposition, & a state, or transitory component of behavior. Using panel data on political orientations drawn from the National Election Studies & General Social Surveys, it is shown that different kinds of attitudes are more or less trait- & state-like, depending on their direction & intensity. Thus, party identification may be more stable, or trait-like, over time, while other kinds of attitudes may be more state-like. To properly explain why some attitudes appear to be more trait-like than others, it is necessary to gauge both the susceptibility to & opportunities for change of individuals in & across age cohorts. 3 Tables. D. Ryfe

Examines changes in national & ethnic stereotypes among adolescents in six Central & Eastern European countries. The concept of stereotypes is discussed & the ethnic composition of Belarus, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, & Russia is described. It was hypothesized that (1) national/ethnic stereotypes would remain fairly stable over time; (2) worsening macroeconomic situations in the perceivers' country would change stereotypes of national/ethnic outgroups; (3) stereotypes of foreign national groups would reflect shifts in perceived economic/relational features of nation-states. Methods used to circumvent biases that threaten the validity of crossnational comparisons are described. Data were obtained from two panel surveys, 1994/95, with 625 subjects: 108 Russian, 155 Belarusian, 61 Bulgarian, 127 Polish, 109 Hungarian, & 65 Czech secondary school students. The results affirmed the first hypothesis, partially corroborated the second, & confirmed the third. Findings are consistent with theoretical explanations of changes in stereotypes. 5 tables, 39 references. J. Lindroth