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ABSTRACT Introduction: This article propose to connect two research agendas on political behavior: studies on political tolerance and research on partisanship. Search, by connecting these two agendas, to assess the extent to which parties have become targets of political intolerance and thereby to assess the intensity of negative attitudes towards this central institution of democracy. Studies on partisanship conflicts in Brazil have focused on the antagonism opposing petismo and antipetismo. However, the 2018 elections have shown that Brazilians also adopt other forms of antipartisanship. Changes in patterns of political and electoral behavior in recent years can only be properly understood if we consider variation over time in the intensity and scope of antipartisan sentiment. We propose a typology where antipartisanship may be moderate or radical and may have a narrower or broader target. This theme is significant not only for interpreting Brazil's current political context, but also for deepening understanding of theoretical and analytical questions. Our understanding is that these different types of antipartisanship are distinct phenomena with different effects. Materials and Methods: The data we use to construct the proposed typology and analyze the range and intensity of antipartisanship are derived from an unprecedented Latin America Public Opinion Project initiative to measure political tolerance in Brazil, in its 2017 edition. Our methodology combine variables of disaffection and political intolerance to construct different voter profiles, based on respondent's attitudes towards unpopular groups, including political parties. After constructing the typology, we propose regression models to estimate the effects of each type on several attitudes, like support to democracy and institutional trust. Results: Our findings show a relationship between the most extreme types of antipartisanship and attitudes towards democracy. Compared with non-antipartisan voters, intolerant antipartisan are less supportive of democracy and democratic institutions and less favorable to freedom of expression and the granting of political rights to minorities. The intensity of antipartisanship matters more than its scope, since the models show that, there is little difference in the degree of commitment to democracy and democratic principles between the two types of intolerant antipartisans, regardless of the scope of the target of their disapproval. This means that attitudes toward democracy, democratic institutions, and democratic principles depend less on the scope antipartisanship, than on political intolerance towards these groups. Discussion: The data and results presented here indicate that antipartisanship is not a one-dimensional phenomenon. The individual is not merely antipartisan or non-antipartisan. We show that antipartisanship contains at least two dimensions: its scope and intensity. Previous studies have already shown the existence of different expressions of antipartisanship, but this diversity has not yet been systematically explored using a well-defined typology. Our work points to this research agenda.KEYWORDS: antipartisanship; political tolerance; political attitudes; political parties; democracy.

This article reflects about the handling that the actor performs on the dramatic text as a chance to rescue the use of text in the contemporary context. Experiments in postdramatic theater can have text as a stimulating material and not confer on drama a central role. The attitude of the actor of making contact with the words in order to reveal the meaning beyond the speech is essential to find a text function in line with all other elements of the play.

We have analyzed the political legitimacy of democracy in Latin America with Latinobarometro's data, which is a survey about attitudes and values that has been applied annually since 1996 in 18 countries of the region, in two axes: one methodological and the other theoretical. On the one hand, we contribute to the empirical validation of the concept and its differents operationalizations, while aligning our results to the wider debate. And, in the theoretical field, our results allow us to broaden the debate on the relationship between legitimacy and democratic stability.

Jose Calvet de Magalhaes was deeply involved in the complex Sino-Portuguese relationship, including Macau. His involvement began only five years after he started his consular career & ceased nine years before his retirement in 1980. He was instrumental in the formulation of Portuguese policies & always showed, as was the rule among Portuguese career diplomats, an attitude of moderation & pragmatism vis-a-vis Red China. However, this article concludes that his orientations in some key moments did not render the expected dividends to Portugal's diplomatic strategy vis-a-vis China. References. Adapted from the source document.

OBJETIVO: Caracterizar o perfil dos farmacêuticos responsáveis técnicos em drogarias e avaliar o conhecimento sobre alguns aspectos da legislação que rege o funcionamento de drogarias e da profissão. MÉTODOS: Com base em 175 drogarias de Ribeirão Preto, Estado de São Paulo, foram selecionados, por meio de sorteio aleatório, 100 farmacêuticos responsáveis técnicos. A coleta de dados foi feita por meio de entrevista face a face, orientada por um questionário que avaliava conhecimentos e atitudes. O dados foram processados e analisados utilizando-se Epi Info e Stata e houve busca de associações entre variáveis dependentes e independentes, usando o teste do qui-quadrado de Pearson e o teste exato de Fisher. RESULTADOS: A maioria dos farmacêuticos eram mulheres (64%), entre 22 e 29 anos (47%), formadas há cerca de três anos, com habilitação na área industrial (36%) ou em análises clínicas (29%). O conhecimento dos farmacêuticos sobre a legislação sanitária foi avaliado como insuficiente para 28% deles, regular para 50% e bom para 22%. Observou-se baixo conhecimento sobre a exigência legal da permanência de farmacêuticos nas drogarias durante todo o horário de funcionamento, suas atribuições, venda de antibióticos e aplicação de penicilina. Constatou-se que a maioria tem dificuldades com a conceituação de medicamentos genéricos e similares. O baixo nível de conhecimento não se associou com nenhuma variável independente, mostrando que está generalizado, ou seja, presente entre farmacêuticos de várias faixas etárias, de ambos os sexos, independente do tempo de formado e instituição formadora, modalidade de formação entre outros. CONCLUSÕES: Concluiu-se que a formação na área de atenção farmacêutica de medicamentos, durante a graduação e, sobretudo, o estágio em farmácia e drogaria está deficiente. Faz-se necessária a divulgação de informações sobre a legislação sanitária para o pleno exercício da profissão, sem ameaças penais ou prejuízo da população. ; OBJECTIVE: To characterize the profile of pharmacists employed as technical supervisors in drugstores and evaluate their knowledge regarding certain aspects of the legislation controlling drugstores and the profession in general. METHODS: Based on 175 drugstores in the city of Ribeirão Preto, southeastern Brazil, 100 pharmacists/technical supervisors were randomly selected. Data collection was done by means of in-person interviews, and was guided by a questionnaire evaluating knowledge and attitudes. Data were processed and analyzed using Epi Info and Stata software. Associations were sought between dependent and independent variables using Pearson's chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests. RESULTS: Most pharmacists were women (64%), aged 22-29 years (47%), graduated approximately three years prior to data collection, trained to work in the pharmaceutical industry (36%) or in clinical analysis (29%). Pharmacist's knowledge of sanitary legislation was considered as insufficient for 28% of subjects, regular for 50%, and good for 22%. Low levels of knowledge were observed regarding the legal requirement for the presence of a pharmacist during the entire drugstore opening hours, pharmacists' attributions, sale of antibiotics, and penicillin administration. It was found that most professionals have difficulties handling the concepts of 'generic' and 'similar' drugs. Low level of knowledge was not associated with any of the independent variables, indicating that this is a generalized phenomenon, i.e., one present among pharmacists of all age groups and both sexes, irrespective of the time since graduation, institution attended, and modality of graduation, among others. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that training in the field of drug pharmaceutical care, during undergraduate studies and, especially, during traineeship in pharmacies and drugstores is deficient. It is necessary to divulge information concerning sanitary legislation so that pharmacists may fully exert their profession, without risk of legal threats or hazard to the population.

This paper aims to address the prognoses for the processes of inclusion and accessibility for blind students in teaching activities and in educational institutions, both within the classroom, laboratories and other physical facilities of the University both in virtual spaces of main research for the visually impaired. The analysis began from the participant observation and interviews with teachers and technicians of the UFT. It is concluded that the initiatives for the inclusion of blind student cross through the individual and collective spheres and includes new attitudes of the systems and portals developers on the internet.

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o conhecimento e as atitudes de militares do Corpo de Bombeiros Militar de Belo Horizonte-MG acerca da adesão às recomendações de biossegurança. Trata-se de estudo transversal realizado no período de janeiro a fevereiro de 2011. Utilizou-se um questionário estruturado composto de perguntas sobre conhecimentos e atitudes relativos à biossegurança e fatores dificultadores do uso de equipamentos de proteção individual. Evidenciou-se conhecimento adequado dos profissionais sobre higienização das mãos (90,4%) e precauções padrão (89%); hábito de sempre usar luvas (95,7%); desconhecimento da ação do álcool a 70% (77,5%) e citação do capote como o equipamento de proteção individual mais difícil de ser utilizado. Entretanto, a maioria desconhecia a condição sorológica para hepatite B (25%). Conhecimentos e atitudes mostraram-se condizentes com as recomendações de biossegurança, mas há necessidade de enfatizar a importância de realizar o esquema vacinal para hepatite B. ; Se objetivó evaluar conocimientos y aptitudes de militares del Cuerpo Militar de Bomberos de Belo Horizonte-MG respecto de su adhesión a las recomendaciones de bioseguridad. Se realizó estudio transversal entre enero y febrero de 2012. Se utilizó cuestionario estructurado compuesto por preguntas sobre conocimientos y aptitudes relativas a bioseguridad y factores diversos del uso de equipamientos de protección individual. Se evidenció conocimiento adecuado de los profesionales sobre higienización de manos (90,4%) y precauciones estándar (89%), la costumbre de utilizar guantes habitualmente (95,7%); desconocimiento de la acción del alcohol al 70% (77,5%) y citación del capote como el equipo de protección individual más difícil de utilizar. Mientras tanto, la mayoría desconocía la condición serológica para hepatitis B (25%). Tanto conocimientos como aptitudes mostraron condecirse con las recomendaciones de bioseguridad, aunque existe la necesidad de enfatizar la importancia de realizar un esquema de vacunación contra la hepatitis B. ; This study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitudes concerning adherence to biosafety recommendations of the military personnel of Belo Horizonte's Military Fire Brigade in Minas Gerais . A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to February 2011. A structured questionnaire was used, consisting of questions regarding knowledge and attitudes related to biosafety and the factors hindering the use of personal protective equipment. The results showed that the personnel had adequate knowledge of hand hygiene (90.4%) and standard precautions (89%), such as the habit of always wearing gloves (95.7%), but lacked knowledge about the antiseptic activity of 70% alcohol (77.5%). The cloak was mentioned as the piece of personal protective equipment that was most difficult to use. However, most of the personnel were unaware of their serological status for hepatitis B (25%). Their knowledge and attitudes were consistent with the biosafety recommendations, but the importance of hepatitis B immunization must be emphasized.

The aim of this article is to analyze the current characteristics and dynamics of the Italian political system, focussing on the main patterns of continuity and change that emerged after the 2013 legislative elections. The disintegration of the centre-right coalition, the emergence of new political forces, as well as the rise of new leaders have profoundly reshaped the Italian party system. On the other hand, the economic crisis has reinforced negative attitudes towards democratic institutions and the main political actors. These phenomena have led to an extremely fluid political system and an uncertain future, which has been aggravated by a never-ending debate on institutional reforms. Adapted from the source document.

OBJETIVO: Mesmo com as iniciativas governamentais que controlam, desestimulam e até proíbem a divulgação e o uso de bicos e chupetas nas maternidades, é alta a freqüência do seu uso pelas crianças brasileiras. Diante desse cenário, o objetivo estudo foi conhecer as representações sociais sobre a chupeta, por parte das mães cujos filhos fizeram uso desse objeto. MÉTODOS: Estudo baseado nos pressupostos teóricos das representações sociais, propostos por Moscovici. Foram estudadas as mulheres que deram à luz num hospital de ensino, na cidade de São Paulo, que proíbe a oferta de chupeta durante a internação. Foram realizadas entrevistas não-estruturadas e individuais, transcritas na íntegra e organizadas para análise, segundo o método do discurso do sujeito coletivo. RESULTADOS: Os resultados evidenciaram representações maternas de que a chupeta: "Simboliza a criança"; "É um calmante para a criança e uma ajuda para a mãe"; e "O seu uso é passado pelas gerações". CONCLUSÕES: A chupeta oferece à mãe uma alternativa para confortar e apaziguar o filho em momentos de agitação ou quando ela não pode atendê-lo direta e continuamente. ; OBJECTIVE: Despite governmental initiatives that control, discourage and even prohibit the divulgation of the usage of dummies and pacifiers in maternity wards, the frequency of pacifier use by Brazilian children is still high. In light of this phenomenon, the aim of the present study was to investigate the social representations of the pacifier constructed by mothers whose children used pacifiers. METHODS: The present study is based on the conceptual framework of social representations, proposed by Moscovici. We studied women who gave birth at a teaching hospital in the city of Sao Paulo that prohibits the use of pacifiers during hospital admission. We conducted non-structured individual interviews that were transcribed in full and organized for analysis according to the collective subject discourse method. RESULTS: Our results indicate maternal representations that the pacifier "symbolizes the child," that is "is a tranquilizer for the child and an aid for the mother," and that "its use is inherited from generation to generation". CONCLUSIONS: Pacifiers are an alternative for the mother for comforting and hushing her child in moments of agitation or for when the mother is not able to tend to the child in a direct and continuous manner.