In: Protest for a Future II: Composition, Mobilization and Motives of the Participants in Fridays For Future Climate Protests on 20-27 September, 2019, in 19 Cities Around the World pp: 35-51
The contemporary mass mobilisation of school students in Australia is unprecedented but also reflects the growing numbers of young people participating in the past 15 years in Australian youth-led organisations for climate and social justice (Collin, 2015). Among these, the youth-led Australian Youth Climate Coalition (AYCC) has been particularly significant: running high profile participatory campaigns, delivering climate campaigning workshops, training for school-age students and developing an extensive and decentralised model of community organising and action. With more than 150,000 members, the AYCC enables personalisable collective action: AYCC followers choose their own level of engagement and organise localised and networked actions, online and offline - hallmarks of the current climate protests.
Australia's education system reflects its history of federalism. State and territory governments are responsible for administering education within their jurisdiction and across the sector comprising government (public), Catholic systemic and other independent schooling systems. They collaborate on education policy with the federal government. Over the past two decades the federal government has taken a greater role in funding across the education sector, and as a result of this involvement and the priorities of federal governments of the day, Australia now has one of the highest rates of non-government schooling in the OECD. Funding equity across the sectors has become a prominent issue. Concerns have been compounded by evidence of declining student performance since Australia's initial participation in PISA in 2000, and the increasing gap between our high achievers and low achievers. This chapter explores Australia's PISA 2018 results and what they reveal about the impact of socioeconomic level on student achievement. It also considers the role of school funding and the need to direct support to those schools that are attempting to educate the greater proportion of an increasingly diverse student population including students facing multiple layers of disadvantage.
This paper describes the current setting for lexicography in Australia by reviewing the place of English since the first British settlement began, in 1788. The emergence of Australian English as the national language is traced, and its relations with the Australian Aboriginal languages touched on. The greatest change in the language setting came with Australia's immigration policy in its post-World War II form. This resulted in the government's eventual recognition of Australia as multilingual and multicultural, and urgently in need of a formal policy on languages, one which treated the many community languages of Australia as an economic, social, educational asset. The paper then summarises the past and present record of lexicography, in Australian English, in Aboriginal and community languages, and in languages of its neighbours in the Pacific area. Titles of some of the most important dictionaries are listed in the bibliography. It ends by describing the outlook of the newly formed Australasian Association for Lexicography. ; Leksikografie in Australië Hierdie bydrae beskryf die huidige leksikografiese situasie in Australië deurdat daar 'n oorsig gegee word van die situasie van Engels sedert die eerste Britse vestiging in 1788. Die opkoms van Australiese Engels as nasionale taal word nagespoor, en die Australiese inboorlingtale word aangeroer. Die grootste verandering in die taalsituasie het plaasgevind as gevolg van Australië se immigrasiebeleid na die Tweede Wêreldoorlog. Dit het daartoe gelei dat die regering Australië uiteindelik as 'n multitalige en multikulturele land begin sien het. Die regering het ook die dringende behoefte aan 'n formele taalbeleid, wat die onderskeie gemeenskapstale van Australië as ekonomiese, sosiale en opvoedkundige bate sou hanteer, begin besef. Daarna word die vorige en huidige leksikografiese situasie in Australiese Engels, in inboorling- en gemeenskapstale, sowel as in tale van die Stille Oseaan-gebied in hierdie bydrae geskets. Titels van sommige van die belangrikste woordeboeke word in die bibliografie gelys. Hierdie stuk eindig met 'n beskrywing van die uitgangspunte van die nuut gestigte Australasian Association for Lexicography.
Vol. 1 consists of reprints of various journal articles from 1900-1907; vol. 2 of pamphlets mostly aimed at potential emigrants. ; v. 2. A B C of Queensland statistics 1907 -- The trend of Victoria's progress / T. Bent -- Conditions of land selection / Western Australia -- The crown lands laws of South Australia / comp. from Acts of Parliament by T. Duffield -- Handbook of South Australia -- Handbook of Tasmania : a guide for emigrants -- Handbook of Victoria : a guide for emigrants -- The garden state of Australia : handbook of Victoria -- Handbook of Western Australia : a guide for emigrants -- The products of Australia / J.G. Jenkins -- Land selection in Queensland ; terms and conditions of selection -- Loans and works : a few facts for investors / Western Australia -- What can be done by the beginner on the soil / J. Mitchell -- Queensland, 1906 -- Report on the gold discovery at Tarcoola : the Enterprise Mine, the Earea Dam tin find, and the Mount Gunson copper mine : record of the mines of South Australia / H.Y.L. Brown -- Record of mining in the Northern Territory of South Australia / issued by the Office of the Minister controlling the Northern Territory ; [signed E. Copley Playford] -- Some facts about New Zealand meat : a government guarantee / Office of the High Commissioner for New Zealand -- Statistical view of fifty years' progress in New Zealand, 1858-1907 / E. J. Von Dadelszen -- Tasmania, the island state of the Commonwealth : its productions, agricultural, pastoral, mineral, trade and commerce -- Victoria, the garden state of Australia -- Victoria, the garden state of Australia : crown lands, closer settlement acts, small improved holdings : information for the guidance of intending settlers. ; v. 1. The "Garden island" of Australia : Tasmania as a field for emigration / special interview with Alfred Dobson -- How Victoria stands today : the progress of a great wealth-producing state -- The districts of Queensland (5) -- The districts of Queensland (10) -- The districts of Queensland (14) -- The districts of Queensland (16) -- The districts of Queensland (17) ; Mode of access: Internet.
Publikacja recenzowana / Peer-reviewed publication ; The paper is based on an address to "Immigration and Multiculturalism in XXI Century. The Case of Poland", conference organised by the Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan in April 2016. It reviews both the Australian immigration experience and Australian multiculturalism from an historical perspective and also reviews current practice in an attempt to evaluate its relevance to Europe. The paper starts with an examination of objectives and principles underlying the Australian immigration system over the last two centuries with particular focus on economic development, national security and identity issues. Then the paper outlines the settlement and multicultural policies and programs that have been put in place since 1975 to integrate migrant and refugee intake into broader Australian society. It also considers the linkages that exists between immigration and multiculturalism and evaluates the success or otherwise of these policies/programs in terms of social cohesion outcomes. Finally, the paper examines the Australian solutions and contemporary challenges and considers the applicability of the Australian model to guide the development of European responses to the 2015–16 migration/refugee crises. It concludes that at present the European Union has neither an eff ective immigration policy nor Australian style multiculturalism and settlement policies to deal with the current immigration crisis and/or its social cohesion consequences. ; Artykuł jest rozwinięciem wykładu wygłoszonego na konferencji "Imigracja i wielokulturowość w XXI wieku. Przypadek Polski", zorganizowanej przez Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu w kwietniu 2016 r. Zawiera on historyczny i współczesny przegląd australijskich doświadczeń z imigracją oraz wielokulturowością i próbuje ocenić przydatność tego doświadczeń dla Europy. Pierwsza część artykułu omawia cele i zasady australijskiego systemu imigracyjnego stosowane przez ostatnie dwieście lat, ze szczególnym naciskiem na ekonomię, bezpieczeństwo i świadomość narodową. Następnie autor rozwija temat polityki osadnictwa i wielokulturowości od roku 1975, z punktu widzenia sukcesu w integracji migrantów i uchodźców w społeczeństwo australijskie. Szczególny dyskurs dotyczy powiązań pomiędzy polityką imigracyjną i wielokulturowością. Artykuł ocenia wpływ tych programów rządowych na zapewnienie społecznej jedności. W końcowej części artykuł ocenia użyteczność australijskich rozwiązań dla formowania odpowiedzi na europejski kryzys związany z masowym napływem uchodźców i migrantów w latach 2015–2016. W konkluzji autor stwierdza, iż Unia Europejska nie ma obecnie ani skutecznej polityki imigracyjnej ani programów osadnictwa, które pozwoliłyby na efektywną kontrolę granic i na zapewnienie spokoju społecznego.
Official records of the settlement and administration of Australian colonies and Port Essington; many Aboriginal references. ; Ser. 2 not published? ; Includes indexes. ; Series 1. Governors' despatches to and from England. Collected and published by the Library committee of the Commonwealth Parliament. -- Series 3. Despatches and papers relating to the settlement of the States. -- Series 4. Legal papers. ; Official records of the settlement and administration of Australian colonies and Port Essington; many Aboriginal references. ; Mode of access: Internet. ; Available online through HathiTrust Emergency Access Service. Click the HathiTrust button on the right and log in to access this book online
Australia is the driest inhabited continent on earth and, more importantly, experiences the most variable rainfall of all the continents on our planet. The vast majority of Australians live in large cities on the coast. Because wastewater treatments plants were all located near the coast, it was thought that large scale recycling would be problematic given the cost of infrastructure and pumping required to establish recycled water schemes. This all changed when Australia experienced a decade of record low rainfall and water utilities were given aggressive targets to increase the volume of water recycled. This resulted in recycled water being accepted as a legitimate source of water for non-drinking purposes in a diversified portfolio of water sources to mitigate climate risk. To ensure community support for recycled water, Australia lead the world in developing national guidelines for the various uses of recycled water to ensure the protection of public health and the environment. Australia now provides a great case study of the developments in maximizing water recycling opportunities from policy, regulatory and technological perspectives. This paper explores the evolution in thinking and how approaches to wastewater reuse has changed over the past 40 years from an effluent disposal issue to one of recognizing wastewater as a legitimate and valuable resource. Despite recycled water being a popular choice and being broadly embraced, the concept of indirect potable reuse schemes have lacked community and political support across Australia to date.
Wildlife crime is on a massive scale by whatever metric is used. The illegal trade in wildlife and related products is leading to the decline and extinction of many iconic species from rhino to tigers. Almost all countries are signatures to CITES and therefore should enforce national legislation if alleged infringements of trade of wildlife occur. No country is immune from this illegal trade although countries like Australia have their own specific wildlife crimes. Australia is home to many reptilian, amphibian and avian species that are highly prized, predominantly as pets. Collection of protected species from the wild is illegal in all jurisdictions yet policing remote areas of the outback, where so much of the native endemic fauna and flora lives, is nearly impossible. The illegal international trade in these species is highlighted by two case studies provided in this review. A further case highlights the issues of each of the six states of Australia having separate legislation, which is compounded when wildlife crime can be inter-state crime. Australia is one of the few countries having an institute, based at the Australian Museum, with an accredited wildlife forensic science laboratory and therefore the capability to undertake forensic testing of seized samples. One way to reduce wildlife crime may be by educating those who buy illegally seized products that there is a direct connection between the dead animal from which it came and the devasting effect this purchase has on the environment.
Northern Territory Government Gazette no. 19B, 13th May 1957, in lieu of notice appearing in Northern Territory Government Gazette no. 16C of 18th April 1957. The Gazette is broken into 3 parts ; NT Gazette 19B 13 May 1957 p. 1 to p. 90: Alice Springs 1 Alice Springs - North West District 10 Alice Springs - North East District 24 Alice Springs - South East District 41 Alice Springs - South West District 44 Areyonga Settlement 48 Barkley Tableland District 53 Groote Eylandt Mission 69 Bathurst Island Mission 76 NT Gazette 19B 13 May 1957 p. 91 to p. 182: Beswick Creek Settlement 91 Borollola District 95 Daly River District 100 Darwin District 105 Delissaville Settlement 130 East Arm Settlement 132 Elcho Island Mission 135 Goulburn Island Mission 146 Haasts Bluff Settlement 149 Hermansberg Mission 156 Hooker Creek Settlement 160 Jay Creek Settlement 163 Katherine District 166 NT Gazette 19B 13 May 1957 p. 183 to p. 272: Kimberley District 183 Liverpool and Blyth River District 203 Milingimbi Mission 211 Oenpelli Mission 222 Port Keats Mission 226 Roper River Mission 232 Rose River Mission 237 Santa Teresa Mission 241 Snake Bay Settlement 244 Umbakumba Settlement 247 Warrabri District 251 Yirrkala Mission 257 Yuendumu Mission 264
Australia's population is likely to undergo dramatic change in the second and third decades of next century. Instead of being a young country by OECD standards, significant population ageing is now predicted for Australia. This will reduce labour force participation and flexibility, reduce savings and investment, and raise social expenditure while reducing public revenues. Intergenerational politics will sharpen severely. Immigration has helped keep Australia younger in the past. But some demographers assert it cannot do so in the future, a view accepted by Government and used as a justification for lower immigration. This paper argues that the Government view and its demographic underpinnings are wrong. Once deficiencies in conventional demographic methodology are allowed for, a much more significant impact of immigration is describable. These corrections involve migrant composition, projecting migration rates not levels, properly calculating dependency ratios and incorporating budget costs. The result is to show the potential to halve the public costs of population ageing. This makes immigration an important complement to other policies for addressing demographic change.
The coast is one of our most valuable assets but how is it being treated and what is being done to look after it? Coastal Management in Australia is the first book to provide a comprehensive overview of this important subject. Interesting case studies are used to illustrate human impact on coastal processes as well as demonstrating the global significance of the coast and the international imperative to manage it properly. Coastal Management in Australia introduces the background to the various coastal management systems operating in Australia and illustrates these with 'real world' examples from the different states and territories. Since this book was first published yet another parliamentary inquiry has been added to some 30 years of national inquiries into coastal management, with further calls for national co-ordination. In addition, the Australian government has focused attention on the potential risks of climate change for the Australian coast. Both authors have national and international coastal expertise; significant academic teaching experience in coastal processes and coastal management; coastal planning and policy skills; and have extensive government expertise in coastal management.
An aspect of the diffusion of American popular culture is examined in this research drawing upon national survey data. Measuring Australians' knowledge of American and Australian outlaws, we found that Jesse James and Billy the Kid are better known in Australia than any of the local outlaws, or bushrangers, with the exception of Ned Kelly. While a relatively large proportion of Australians identified Ned Kelly, Ben Hall, Jesse James and Billy the Kid as outlaws, few identified other Australian 'outlaws'. Social background and political ideology is associated with greater knowledge of outlaws. Men, baby boomers and their predecessors, those born in Australia or the UK, those with a basic secondary level education and those identifying as left on the political spectrum are the most knowledgeable. This Australian study suggests that outlaws such as Jesse James and Billy the Kid are not just national folk heroes, but recognised globally. Promoted by visual and print media they have transcended their outlaw heritage to represent romanticised notions of freedom, loyalty and the 'underdog', regardless of the historical facts surrounding their lives and deaths.
This book explores Australia's prospective cyber-warfare requirements and challenges. It describes the current state of planning and thinking within the Australian Defence Force with respect to Network Centric Warfare, and discusses the vulnerabilities that accompany the use by Defence of the National Information Infrastructure (NII), as well as Defence's responsibility for the protection of the NII. It notes the multitude of agencies concerned in various ways with information security, and argues that mechanisms are required to enhance coordination between them. It also argues that Australia has been laggard with respect to the development of offensive cyber-warfare plans and capabilities. Finally, it proposes the establishment of an Australian Cyber-warfare Centre responsible for the planning and conduct of both the defensive and offensive dimensions of cyber-warfare, for developing doctrine and operational concepts, and for identifying new capability requirements. It argues that the matter is urgent in order to ensure that Australia will have the necessary capabilities for conducting technically and strategically sophisticated cyber-warfare activities by the 2020s. The Foreword has been contributed by Professor Kim C. Beazley, former Minister for Defence (1984–90), who describes it as 'a timely book which transcends old debates on priorities for the defence of Australia or forward commitments, [and] debates about globalism and regionalism', and as 'an invaluable compendium' to the current process of refining the strategic guidance for Australia's future defence policies and capabilities.
