Suchergebnisse

本論文旨在探討香港青年參與社會運動的動機。近年,香港社會掀起青年積極參與社會運動的浪潮。學民思潮是最顯著的例子,這個由中學生組成的青年政治組織,於2012年發起了反對特區政府設立德育及國民教育科的社會運動。他們認為該科目有意向青年灌輸「洗腦式」的愛國教育,「反國教運動」成功動員近十二萬名市民包圍政府總部,最終驅使當局撤回方案。 ; 本論文與21位學民思潮的核心成員進行深入訪談,探討近年青年積極參與社會運動的原因。本論文旨在剖析曾被視為「政治冷感」的香港青年,在社會抗爭過程中扮演愈趨重要的角色之箇中原因。 ; 借用雲‧斯特克倫博赫和蓋德曼斯 (van Stekelenburg and Klandermans)提出的社會運動參與的雙路徑模式 (dual pathway model to protest),我們採用了社會心理學的理論以分析青年參與社會運動的動機及心路歷程。研究發現,青年抗爭者可歸納為兩大類:(1) 能動者類別,這類青年具政治能動性,採取工具性/ 社會社會鑲嵌的路徑參與社會運動﹔(2) 不滿類別,這類青年欠缺政治能動性,對政治抱懷疑態度,採取不滿路徑參與社會運動。本研究認為,在兩類的青年中,集體身體認同都對其社會運動參與扮演身重要角色,而對推動不滿類別,欠缺政治能動性的青年的影響至關重要。 ; Hong Kong has experienced an unprecedentedly high level of youth activism against government policy changes in recent years. The most prominent example is "Scholarism," a movement that was founded by secondary students that orchestrated a remarkable campaign against the government's proposal to establish the Moral and National Education curriculum in 2012. At one point, Scholarism activists claimed to have mobilized nearly 120,000 citizens in an "occupation" of government headquarters for ten days. They eventually forced the government to withdraw its proposal of what the Scholarists regarded as "brainwashing patriotic education." ; The present study is based on in-depth interviews with 21 core members of Scholarism movement, to examine the apparent "dawn" of youth political activism in Hong Kong. This thesis intends to solve the riddle of how young people in Hong Kong, who had been depicted as "political apathetic," were playing an increasingly significant role in social protest. ; Drawing on van Stekelenburg and Klandermans's dual pathway model of protest, the social psychological explanation is applied to understanding the motivational dynamics behind Scholarism. The main argument is that youth activists in Hong Kong can be categorized into two main clusters, which take two distinctive pathways to protest participation: (1) the efficacy cluster, which is steered by a sense of political efficacy and which follows the social instrumental/embeddedness pathway (in ...

以往的明末清初耶佛相遇研究,更为注重天主教和佛教间的冲突和对比。本文更倾向于身处耶佛相遇处境内的士人的宗教内对话。来世问题不仅是耶佛宗教间论辩的焦点,也是士大夫的宗教内对话转化信仰的主旨。 ; 这是因为晚明时期传统儒学影响,更加关注生死问题的讨论。晚明儒释交融,逃禅悦禅狂禅成为一时风尚。而天主教的传入给关心生死议题的士大夫提供了另一种资源。相对于流于空虚玄妙的禅学而言,很多人认为天主教是一种"实心"、"实行""实学"的思想体系。 ; 明清之际,佛学的发展趋势是禅净合流,唯心净土与弥陀净土慢慢融合。禅净双修在士大夫中很受欢迎。因此,士大夫对天主教生死关的理解不仅与禅学相关,也与净土相关。 ; 明朝政策使瑜伽僧和禅讲僧鼎立,使经忏法事弥漫于士人的日常生活中,这也与净土信仰相关联。对这些经忏科仪的批判,也成了天主教徒理解来世的一个面向。 ; 来世问题,中国天主教徒认为这是儒学的疏略之处,构成了"补儒易佛"的重要内容。 ; Most of the existing studies of the Buddhist‐Christian encounter during the Ming and Qing dynasties emphasize the conflict and contrast between Chinese Buddhism and Catholicism. The present study tends to focus on the intra religious dialogue of the participants. It will indicate that the problem of next‐life or life after death was not only one of the foci of dialogue, but also one of the key aspects of the transformation of faith caused by intra‐religious dialogue of the Chinese intellectuals at that time. ; During the late Ming period, under the influence of traditional Confucianism, the matters of life and death became a focus of debate. At that time, the escapist Ch'an Buddhism became an ethos, and interactions took place between Buddhism and Confucianism. When Catholicism was introduced into China, it offered a spiritual alternative to the Chinese intellectuals who cared about matters of life and death. In contrast to the relatively more speculative and mysterious Ch'an, many Chinese found Catholicism a more genuine, concrete and practical system of thought. ; With regard to the Buddhism during the Ming and Qing dynasties, an important trend of development was the combination between Ch'an and Pure Land Buddhism, particularly the gradual integration between the Amitabha Pure Land and the Heart‐Only Pure Land. Dual cultivation of Ch'an and Pure Land was very popular among the Chinese intellectuals. For this reason, the Chinese intellectuals' understanding of the Catholic view of life and death related not only to Ch'an, but also to Pure Land Buddhism. ; The governmental policy of Ming dynasty made the ...

北韓核問題引起世界各國的關注,更觸動了中國的神經。雖然,中國領導人一貫強調支持朝鮮半島無核化及希望朝鮮半島能夠保持和平穩定,但中國在處理兩次核問題的方式及舉措卻完全不同。在第一次核危機(1991至1994年)爆發時,中國主要採取不介入的政策;但在第二次核危機(2002至2005年)時,中國卻完全擺脫被動的角色,主動擔當核危機的調停者。 ; 正因為中國處理兩次北韓核問題採取完全不同的外交方針及策略,而且兩次核危機橫跨十多年的時間,無論是國際格局及中國國力也有重大的改變。因此,筆者會嘗試從東北亞的國際體系及權力分配、中國參與國際組織及多邊機制的情況和中國的身份認同及對國家利益及安全的看法這三方面去探討中國主動舉辦「六方會談」以解決第二次北韓核問題的主要原因。 ; 為了更能有效檢視研究論題,筆者也會分析中國90年代末參與的「四方會談」、中國所構建的上海合作組織及九一一事件,以評估這些中介變項對中國主動舉辦「六方會談」的影響。筆者希望能夠從是項研究去瞭解中國外交政策的走向,以評估及預測未來中國對其他國際事務的取態及方針。 ; As the North Korea Nuclear Crisis is one of the most critical security issues for China, the Chinese leaders always claim to maintain peace, prosperity, stability and a nuclear-free status on the Korean Peninsula. But in the two nuclear crises, China presented different attitudes and used different strategies to deal with this issue. ; In the first nuclear crisis (1991-1994), China served as neither a mediator nor a peacemaker, and claimed that Washington and Pyongyang should settle the dispute bilaterally. However, in the second nuclear crisis (2002-2005), China started to play a proactive role and acted as a chief mediator and an honest broker for initiating a multilateral dialogue - Six-Party Talks as a method to settle the crisis. ; Since China played different roles and used different strategies in these two nuclear crises within 10 years, this thesis aims to investigate this change and explain the reasonsfrom mainly three angles, including the power structure of Northeast Asia, China's participation in multilateral institutions, and China's self-identity and views on national interests and security. ; In order to strengthen the analysis, this thesis will also investigate the influence of the Four-Party talks, Shanghai Cooperation Organization and September 11 Attack on the initiatives of the Six-Party Talks. Through this research, the author aims to illustrate the dynamics of China's foreign policy and predict the trend of China's diplomatic behavior towards different international affairs. ; Detailed summary in vernacular field only. ; Detailed ...

本文以清代宮廷演劇制度的完善與興替、宮廷大戲《昭代簫韶》的創作與演出為中心,探討其中帝王性情、意識形態的投射與帝國形象的建構;試圖對宮廷演劇繁盛與變遷的原因、《昭代簫韶》文本與演出的意涵、宮廷與民間演劇的交流與影響等問題,作出新的解釋。 ; 現有研究強調清朝帝后喜好戲曲娛樂、宮廷舞臺壯麗輝煌,以及晚清宮廷演劇變革等等。本文認為,清代宮廷演劇實有更多豐富的內涵有待更深入的研討。帝后的倡導及參與,自是推動清代宮廷演劇繁盛的重要原因,但在滿足帝后娛樂的同時,宮廷演劇也用於朝廷儀典;戲曲教化與國家儀式的功能相互結合。 ; 清代宮廷演劇,在元明清雜劇傳奇及亂彈之外,還有適應現實需要而奉旨編演的大戲與節戲。宮廷大戲,規模龐大,情節複雜,排場繁縟,在中國戲曲史上十分獨特。創作於乾嘉之際的《昭代簫韶》,取材於明代演義小說《北宋志傳》,鋪寫楊家將輔宋抗遼事。通過特定情節與人物穿戴,《昭代簫韶》參與了清代正統華夷的論述,並含有重評歷史與訓諭臣民的深意。此部大戲將褒忠誅奸的昇仙入地與軍陣鬥法的神道描寫,與觀劇現場的君臣秩序相結合,形成舞臺上、下戲曲與現實的呼應,道德教化寓意明顯。 ; 本文對清代宮廷演劇制度變遷與宮廷大戲《昭代簫韶》演出史的考察,還特別關注戲曲在宮廷與民間的流動與影響。尤其是外學伶人進入與退出宮廷,使得宮廷伶人的規模與組成發生改變,這不僅影響到大戲的演出形式與藝術呈現,也使得宮廷演劇處於對外開放與吸收融合的狀態。清代戲劇便在宮廷、文人與民間三方面,均臻繁盛。 ; Theatrical performance played an important role in the Qing court culture. This thesis discusses the evolution and change of the court theatre institution throughout the Qing Dynasty. In the contexts of court entertainment, political activities and cultural policy, the creation and performance history of the grand theatre piece, Zhaodai xiaoshao, or The Glorious Music of a Brilliant Age, from the Qianlong-Jiaqing to the Guangxu period serve as an adequate example. In this case study, we can explore the nature of the Qing emperors and Empress Dowager Cixi, state ideology and the construction of the Empire's image. ; Most existing research in Qing court drama and theatre focuses on the Qing emperors' great passion for theatre, the three-tiered grand stage in the imperial palace and the wealth of props and costumes, as well as the repertoire change in the late Qing, especially the formation and development of Jingju or Peking Opera. This thesis arguesthat given its rich contents and relevant contexts, the Qing court theatre deserves far more research both in breadth and in depth. The participation of the imperial power undoubtedly promoted court theatre. Theatrical performances at court became not only private entertainment for the imperial family; they also appeared in state ceremonies with special ritual significance. In addition, the grand plays like the 240-scened Glorious Music of a ...

于一个国家而言,民众抗争不仅是一个政府治理和治安问题,也是一个战略沟通问题。本研究即选取社会沟通的视角研究当代中国的社会抗争,旨在了解当代中国逐渐开放的抗争话语的演变、产生条件及其深刻意义。 ; 于定量与定性相结合的研究方法,本文分析了1990至2010年间中国政治社会精英关于民众抗争的话语。研究发现在抗争数量和规模不断增长的同时,抗争的话语环境发生了显著变化并向日趋宽松的方向发展。中国的政治领导人正逐步正视民众抗争,官方话语也开始同情抗争者。从对抗争的报道来看,以往严密的媒体审查制度逐渐放宽,重大事件的详细报道得以频见于报端。与此同时,越来越多的人士加入到抗争的公开讨论中,社会抗争成为激烈的社会争论的焦点。 ; 于以上分析,本文认为政治领导人的话语转变可以被理解为执政当局在一党执政和官民矛盾日益激化的特定条件下为促进政策实施和维持政权合法性而采取的手段,知识分子越来越直言不讳地提出批评意见则源于"话语机会结构的扩展。结合这些见解与已有文献表明,当代中国公民抗争和公共话语似乎彼此促进,形成了一个自我强化的循环。 ; 研究意义而言,本研究首先探讨了"话语机会这一概念的价值及其局限性,继而指出民众抗争,精英话语和政权演变之间存在重要的联系。本文发现,只要能够触动社会精英阶层并激起他们的回应,即使是非持续性的,非跨区域性的公民抗争也会带来抗争政治参与空间隐性但却显著的扩展,以及政治话语实践的转变。因此,虽然抗争者没有直接挑战共产党政权,但他们的行动已经从某种程度上促进了中国的政权演变。 ; For the state, popular protest is not merely a problem of governance and policing, but also an issue of strategic communication. Investigating protest in contemporary China from a communicative and elite-centered perspective, this dissertation shows that in parallel to the constantly growing number and scale of protests, the communicative environment of citizen resistance over the last two decades was significantly transformed and liberalized. Based on a mixed quantitative and qualitative analysis of political discourse between 1990 and 2010, the study seeks to understand the evolution, conditions, and significance of this widening discursive opening. ; The research reveals that the Chinese political leadership gradually addressed the problem of popular protest in the open and shifted its discourse towards more protester-sympathizing assessments. Moreover, tight censorship was gradually lifted and detailed accounts of major protest events emerged in the news media. In parallel to these developments, the topic became accessible to a growing circle of speakers and eventually emerged at the center of a lively and increasingly critical public debate. ; Based on this assessment, the present study argues that the political leadership's discourse can be rendered intelligible as a policy endeavor and a regime-legitimating instrument under the particular conditions of one-party ...

本文探讨中国的地方政府如何根据中央政府在不同环保子政策上的命令强度和信息收集能力来策略式的选择性执行环保政策,并且讨论了中央政府对此,如何通过命令和信息机制督促地方政府进行环境保护。 ; 本文使用两个维度划分不同的环保政策子领域。第一个维度是自上而下的命令。它主要考察中央政府是否在一项具体的污染破坏问题采取一票否决、目标责任制、责任包干、绩效考核等类似方法给予地方以激励、命令和压力。第二个维度是自下而上的信息反馈。它考察中央是否有方法或技术能够知悉地方的环境污染和破坏程度,并能准确将这些环保责任归罪到具体单位上。根据这两个维度的高低搭配,我们依照将地方政府环保政策的不同子领域分为命令强、信息强的强力贯彻领域,命令强、信息弱的象征性执行领域,命令弱、信息强的政绩型执行领域,和命令弱、信息弱的消极执行领域。 ; 地方政府依此策略式的根据不同政策领域特征有选择性的执行一些政策。地方会优先重视那些有目标责任制规定任务并能够量化考核的政策任务,而对有目标责任制规定任务但难以量化考核政策领域采取形式化的努力措施。对于没有采取目标责任制的政策领域,有些易于取得量化成绩的,地方可能根据本地区情况进行执行,能够起到一定政绩加分作用。对于既没有目标责任制又没有量化考核机制的政策领域,地方政府则会在政策执行中漠视之。 ; 中央政府在环保政策的执行上与地方一直进行着互动。有感于环境污染的加剧和公民意识的提升,中央政府在近年从命令和信息两个维度进行了一些新的改革,明确提出了加强省以下环境执法监察垂直管理体系,逐渐将块块管理改向条条管理。在命令上,淡化GDP考核、强化垂直管理、进行污染总量控制、实行区域限批和环保约谈。在信息维度上,采取了上收监测事权、交由第三方进行监测和采用卫星遥感等新技术手段来强化信息的收集和归责。 ; 文章依照大气、水和土壤等不同污染领域,依据作者在中国不同省份的田野调查和环保相关文件详细展示了各类环保子领域中地方政府选择性政策执行的运作方式,以及中央政府相应采取的一些措施。 ; This dissertation investigates how China's local governments selectively implement environmental policies according to whether the central government adopts strong command, and whether the latter has the capacity to collect information. Also, I discuss the latest measures the central government has taken to curb local governments' strategic behaviors. ; To categorize various environmental policies, two important dimensions, I argue, should be taken into account, i.e. top-down pressure and bottom-up information feedback. By up-down pressure, I mean whether the central government adopts target responsibilities, binding targets, veto, goal-setting, performance evaluation, tournament competition and other similar methods to work as orders and incentives for local officials. The other dimension, information feedback, refers to whether the central government has the capacity to collect genuine and accurate information through various means such as remote sensing, and to clearly determine the responsibility of polluters and local governments. Based on these two dimensions, we can present a two-times-two matrix, classifying various environmental policy areas into 4 types. They are ...

兒童貧窮問題引起香港社會及政策制定者的深切關注。香港特區政府及各非政府組織推出了不同的策略、計劃及方案以舒緩兒童貧窮問題。可是,大部份針對小學生的現行計劃及方案普遍著重提升兒童的學術成果多於其全面發展。本研究旨在探討由企業發起及持續舉辦的校本計劃及社區為本計劃在幫助香港貧窮兒童脫貧及全面發展的成效。 ; 本研究採用多重個案研究法,對兩個與企業合作推行持續性兒童扶貧計劃的個案,包括學校一(School-1)及非政府組織一(NGO-1)作深入了解。多種質性數據從這兩個個案的三項計劃中搜集,包括十二節參與式觀察及四十五個半結構性訪談(負責職員、組織者、主持人、義工、兒童參與者及他們的父母)。 ; 本研究有四項主要研發現: ; 一,連結社會資本及橋樑社會資本是兒童參與者在建立人力資本過程中的催化劑。二,在兒童參與者及義工建立信任關係的過程中連結社會資本及橋樑社會資本是互相依賴而成。三,兒童參與者能夠成為主動的行動者。他們除了能夠在影響他們生命的決定上作出選擇;並藉著把握學習及社交機會,抗拒因生活於不利環境中所產生的負面影響,更能夠改變環境,把希望灌注入父母的生命。四,三項計劃均提供為期九至十個月的服務,讓介入工作在這段較長時間中引發兒童參與者的改變,並把希望灌注入他們的生命。此外,也讓他們的父母、計劃組織者及負責職員觀察兒童參與者的成長及改變。 ; 綜合這些研究發現,人力資本的建立、建立連結社會資本及橋樑社會資本所帶來的支援關係、兒童的聲音能否獲得聆聽及作出決定時兒童的意見能否受到尊重,均對計劃能否有正面效果有直接關係。基於這些研究發現,建議扶貧計劃需在貧窮兒童的較早期的生命歷程中推行,並且介入的時期較長,讓兒童參與者的成長及改變能被引發並被觀察出來,把希望灌注入兒童及父母的生命,讓他們能發現彼此的優點、對生命存有盼望、為美好的將來釐訂實際計劃及具信心與社會人士保持接觸。這些均是他們在打破貧窮困局及戰勝社會排斥的過程中不可或缺的原素。 ; Children poverty problem has become a main concern of Hong Kong society and the policy makers. Different strategies, programmes and projects have been implemented by the HKSAR government and different NGOs to alleviate the child poverty problem. However, most existing programmes and projects for primary school children emphasize on educational outcomes rather than the holistic child development. ; This study aims to understand whether and how the enterprise-initiated and ongoing school-based and community-based programmes may help the poor children in Hong Kong in poverty alleviation and holistic development. ; One school (School-1) and one NGO (NGO-1), which implemented ongoing poverty alleviation programmes with enterprises, were selected for this multiple-case study. Based on the analysis of the multiple sources of data collected from the three main programmes, including 12 sessions of participant observation and 45 semi-structured interviews (with responsible staff, organizers, host, volunteers, participating children and their parents), four key findings were obtained to answer the research question. ; First, bonding and bridging social capital acted as a catalyst in the process of developing ...

過去50年,香港媒體有關藥物成癮的主要概念主要來自對海洛因(俗稱「白粉」)吸毒者的想像。「吸毒者」通常被視為「對工作和家庭不負責任」,並且被描繪成「以犯罪獲得金錢購買毒品來紓緩嚴重的斷癮症狀。」然而,近年來,大部份青少年吸毒者吸食軟性毒品如氯胺酮和搖頭丸,而非海洛因。對青少年吸毒者而言,在道德和醫學概念上的「吸毒」定義並不符合他們的毒品經驗,原因是他們在使用藥物後並無嚴重的斷癮症狀。這種傳統毒品觀念與青少年吸毒者經驗之間的「矛盾」對戒毒和預防教育產生很大障礙。 ; 本研究旨在找出現有主流媒體、戒毒機構及青少年吸毒者對「吸毒」的詮釋。本研究首先對禁毒政策進行歷史分析,以找出禁毒政策和現有的道德和醫學毒品論述之間的關係。另外,本研究對1978年至2008年的100個禁毒廣告及由1979年至2009年的26部禁毒電視新聞紀錄片進行文本及論述分析,以整合過去30年來本地媒體所運用的毒品論述。再者,本研究在一所福音戒毒中心(基督教得生團契)及一間社區戒毒輔導中心(香港路德會青欣中心)分別進行14個月及10個月民族誌考察,以檢視社工及青少年吸毒者如何運用主流媒體流行的毒品論述。 ; 本研究發現主流媒體經常使用一種包含道德及醫學論述的「過來人」敘事法(go through narrative)。這種敘事法主要以吸毒「過來人」作為關鍵主體,去描述吸毒者最「真實」的「浪子回頭」故事,並且組成了主流的「浪子回頭」論述(Prodigal Son Returns Home Discourse),為吸毒者建立了一個「浪子」身份。另外,本研究亦發現媒體中常見的「過來人」敘事法亦常被社工及戒毒過來人應用,並將吸毒定性為生活方式問題。青少年吸毒者對主流論述的「浪子」身份表現出不同程度的適應,但這種敘述自我身份的靈活性仍被局限於「過來人」敘事法及其容許的論述原素(discursive components)當中。 ; 在理論層面上,本研究歸納出形成社會異類身份的主流論述所涉及的社會、組織、及互動層面的因素。而且,本研究亦歸納出在主流論述控制下,社會異類者體現自我身份自主性的策略,包括:「漠不關心」(Indifference)、「完整接受」(Adoption)、「自我適應」(Adaptation)及「自我肯定」(Affirmation)。透過靈活表述社會異類行為的性質,他們肯定個人身份及對抗主流論述。然而這種敘述自我身份的靈活性仍被局限於主流論述原素當中。 ; For over 50 years, the major conception of drug addiction in Hong Kong media comes from the imaginations of heroin addiction. Drug addicts are usually presented as irresponsible for job and family, and they commit crimes to get money to buy drugs in order to relieve serious withdrawal symptoms. However, in recent years, most youth addicts use 'recreational drugs' like ketamine and ecstasy rather than heroin. The moral and disease conceptions of drug addiction are not applicable in their drug-taking experiences because many youth psychotropic drug addicts find no severe withdrawal and tolerance symptom. The 'gap' between the conventional drug discourses and the experience of youth drug users produces dissonance among addicts, drug rehabilitation and preventive education. ; This study aims at figure out the existing meanings of drug addiction in the mass media and drug rehabilitation. Firstly, a historical analysis on the government anti-drug policy was conducted to figure out the relationship between ...

目前中國大陸針對青少年福祉的系統化研究還比較少,對貧困青少年主觀福祉的研究則到現在也未有正式的研究。2009年,中國民政部提出社會福利將向適度普惠型社會福利轉變,政府和社會也開始關注和服務院舍照顧之外的貧困青少年群體。在此背景下,本研究的主要目的是:通過設計、整合及使用青少年主觀福祉測量工具,運用量化研究方法瞭解中國貧困青少年群體主觀福祉的基本情況,分析貧困青少年主觀福祉的相關影響因素及各個因素的影響力大小,探討自尊與環境因素在影響貧困青少年主觀福祉方面的作用機制,並根據研究結果提出改善和提升中國貧困青少年主觀福祉的政策及介入措施。 ; 本研究採用截面研究方式,運用定量研究方法中的問卷調查法,檢驗所提出的自尊與環境交互作用理論模型,以1262名中國山東省青島市義務教育階段12-16歲的青少年為研究對象,收集在主觀福祉、自尊、生活事件、教養方式、親子溝通、同伴關係、師生關係等方面的數據,運用結構方程模型等方法進行統計分析。 ; 研究結果表明中國內地貧困家庭中的青少年主觀福祉水準與自尊、教養方式、親子溝通、同伴關係、師生關係等因素直接相關,研究也發現自尊與環境因素的交互作用,共同影響貧困青少年主觀福祉的機制。自尊在同伴關係影響貧困青少年主觀福祉中起到完全中介作用,自尊在親子溝通、教養方式、師生關係影響貧困青少年主觀福祉中起到部分中介作用。教養方式、師生關係、同伴關係則在自尊影響貧困青少年主觀福祉中起到部分中介作用。群組分析與回歸分析發現貧困青少年在不同的性別、居住地、年級等方面其主觀福祉水準存在差異,而且親子溝通、教養方式、師生關係和同伴關係各因數變數對貧困青少年主觀福祉的影響存在差異。 ; 基於上述研究結論,本研究認為在微觀的社會工作實務服務層面,可通過策劃綜合性的貧困青少年介入服務,從貧困青少年與父母、老師、同伴等關係改善方面入手,以提高貧困青少年的自尊為服務的核心,逐漸提升這一群體的主觀福祉水準;在宏觀的國家政策設計層面,在對貧困青少年進行物質援助之外,還需要從改善青少年與環境關係方面綜合考慮,設計推出提升貧困青少年主觀福祉水準的相關社會政策。 ; 關鍵字:貧困青少年;主觀福祉;影響因素;交互作用;中介效應 ; There are few systematic researches on the well-being of adolescent in Mainland China, and even no formal research on the well-being of the poor adolescent. In 2009, the Ministry of Civil Affairs of the People's Republic of China proposed that the social welfare system in China should transform to a "moderate universal model", which marked the increasing concern of government and society on poor adolescent who are not receiving institutional care. ; The major objectives of this research is to design, integrate and implement measurement indexes of subjective well-being of youth, using quantitative method to examine the basic situation of poor adolescent in China. The second objective of this research is to analyze factors influencing their subjective well-being and the intensity of those factors. The third is to look into how the dynamics between self-esteem and environmental factors affect the subjective well-being of adolescent. Results of this research will make policy and practice recommendations to enhance and improve the subjective well-being of poor adolescent in China. ; This research takes a ...

来自贫困家庭的青少年的成长日益受到关注,然而现有应对措施往往以资金援助、慰问探访为主。随着中国内地社会工作服务的发展,政府和公众对其应用于服务该群体有了更多期待。本研究尝试为相关服务提供实证依据。 ; 受社会资本理论的启发,本研究试图探索嵌入于家庭、学校、朋辈和社区关系网络的社会资本对青少年社会心理发展的影响;结合自我效能感和抗逆力理论,亦试图探索主体性因素对外界社会资本的调动作用;比较贫困组与非贫困组在相关机制中存在的差异,建构一套在中国社会和文化情境下适用的理论模型,探索未来服务的方向。本研究以社会调查的方法,从中山市22所高中选取了1,627名学生参与研究,包括贫困组学生571人,非贫困组1056人。本研究尝试回答四个研究问题:第一,来自贫困家庭的青少年与来自非贫困家庭的青少年在社会心理发展、社会资本及自我效能感和抗逆力方面是否存在差异?第二,不同维度的社会资本对社会心理发展有怎样的影响?第三,自我效能感和抗逆力是否能在社会资本和社会心理发展之间发挥中介效应?第四,贫困组与非贫困组的青少年在社会资本、主体性对社会心理发展的影响机制上是否存在差异? ; 通过t检定发现,相较于非贫困组,贫困组有较好的亲社会行为和学业成就表现,而在精神健康和社交能力方面不存在显著的差异;贫困组在学校社会资本、朋辈社会资本和社区社会资本方面有较高的水平,而在家庭社会资本方面不存在显著的差异;贫困组相较而言有较高的抗逆力水平。 ; 结构方程模型的结果支持了家庭社会资本、学校社会资本和朋辈社会资本对青少年的社会心理发展存在直接的正向影响的假设,同时,不同的社会资本亦可以通过自我效能感和抗逆力对青少年的社会心理发展产生间接的影响。然而,本研究亦发现社区社会资本对精神健康和社交能力的直接影响是负向的。 ; 多群组结构方程模型的结果指出,贫困组与非贫困组在社会资本、主体性因素对社会心理发展的影响大致相同,但在部分路径上存在显著差异。这亦体现出在服务项目设计时需要留意到的贫困组与非贫困组之间在相关机制上存在的差异。本研究亦展现了社会资本的互惠性。此外,研究发现亦反映出社会资本的规范和制裁功能可能对被标签的群体的主体性因素提升带来限制。 ; 本研究整合了社会资本理论、自我效能感理论和抗逆力理论,探索了社会资本、自我效能感和抗逆力对贫困家庭的青少年的社会心理发展的影响。在中国内地本土化的尝试以及对来自贫困家庭的青少年的关注亦拓展了现有理论的适用性。本研究对实务的启发在于,提出可以透过投入社会资本,提升自我效能感及抗逆力,进而有效地促进青少年的成长与发展。研究者亦对现有的对经济弱势群体的刻板印象提出了质疑,同时对社会资本的双重效应以及社会福利传递过程可能产生的"污名"效应提出了反思。 ; There has been an increasing concern on the development of adolescents form economically disadvantaged families. However, the policy and service for this group of young people remain in the forms of financial assistance and home visit. With the development of social work service in mainland China, the government and public have more expectation on its implementation for serving this group. This research provided empirical evidence for related service. ; Based on social capital theory, this study explored the influences of social capital embedded in the networks of family, school, peers, and community. It also integrated the self-efficacy theory and resilience theory into the theoretical framework to examine the role of personal agency in mobilizing various forms social capital. Moreover, by comparing the differences between the poor and the non-poor group, the study established a ...

背景:中國在發展城市社區衞生服務/基層醫療的過程中,基於當地經濟社會發展情況和特點,主要形成了政府辦政府管、院辦院管、以及私營三種模式。近年來中國學者對大陸社區衞生服務/基層醫療的研究主要關注于服務的基本現狀與功能的描述性研究,以及患者主觀層面的滿意度調查等,對城市社區衞生/基層醫療組織形式與服務模式建設的研究相對缺乏。初級衞生評價工具( Primary Care Assessment Tool, PCAT) 由美國約翰霍普金斯大學初級衞生保健政策中心開發,將初級醫療的五個核心方面進行量化,從患者對社區衞生服務/層醫療服務的客觀體驗角度出發,客觀評價醫療服務品質。本研究關注於基層醫療服務的過程層面,作為珠江三角洲六城市基層醫療研究項目的一部分,聯合廣州醫學院公共衛生與全科醫學學院,在廣東省衞生署以及香港智經研究中心的大力支持下,其他學者將研究基層醫療服務的結構和結果層面。 ; 目的:本研究關注從病人體驗角度出發,在城市社區衞生/基層醫療服務的過程層面,評價和比較三種不同的社區衞生服務/基層醫療模式,以及不同地區在實施國家初級衞生政策時的不同策略所導致的在初級醫療五個核心方面的差異。 ; 方法:首先,本研究進行了全面的文獻檢索,回顧了PCAT工具在全球和地區的應用。其次,本研究根據國際上認可的跨文化翻譯過程將PCAT(成人簡化版)翻譯成中文官方語言(普通話)並使其與中國國情相適應,並通過問卷的信度和效度分析,證明中文PCAT成人簡化版在評價社區衞生服務/基層醫療的過程層面方面具有較高的可靠性和有效性。進而,本研究採用多階段整群抽樣方法,在珠江三角洲六個城市的社區衞生中心,由訓練有素的調查員進行現場訪談。最後,本研究採用多元線性回歸和多元方差分析統計分析,評估和比較了不同城市和不同模式下,社區衞生服務/基層醫療服務五個核心方面的PCAT分數的差異。 ; 結果:中文PCAT(成人簡化版)包含了九個不同維度,從五個方面評價初級保健服務過程,具有良好的結構效度。克隆巴赫係數反映了問卷具有良好的內部一致性。本研究共調查了3,360名在社區衞生服務中心接受基層醫療服務的成人患者,問卷整體回收率達86.1。本研究基於PCAT 分數從不同城市和不同服務模式角度分別評價和比較了社區衞生服務/基層醫療服務的過程。研究發現,與院辦院管及私營模式相比,政府主導模式下的社區衞生服務/基層醫療服務使用者具有更好的病人體驗,主要是因為政府主導模式下,社區衞生服務在首診利用及基層醫療服務協調統籌維度層面達到更高的水準。 ; 結論:本博士論文研究確立了中文PCAT(成人簡化版)在評價社區衞生服務/基層醫療服務過程的可靠性和有效性。本研究率先在中國大陸採用PCAT 工具對廣東省珠江三角洲地區城市社區衞生服務/基層醫療模式開展了大規模調查。該項研究可以填補目前中國大陸在PCAT應用以及城市社區衞生服務/基層醫療模式研究方面的空白,探索適合中國國情的社區衞生/基層醫療服務發展道路,為中國大陸進一步發展及完善初級衞生體系提供翔實的政策依據。 ; Backgrounds: China's current healthcare reform has an overall goal towards re-strengthening primary care. Establishment and expansion of primary care network based on community health centres (CHCs) in urban areas has been prioritized. Due to various socio-economic status of local population and policy context across urban areas in mainland China, primary care is delivered by three main organisational models: government-owned CHCs, hospital-owned CHCs, and privately-owned CHCs with each model being adopted in various localities. This PhD study focuses on studying the process of primary care provided under different CHC models in the six cities of Pearl River Delta (PRD) and it is part of a larger study entitled "A Study of Comparing Primary Care Services among ...