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A history of Black urban placemaking and politics in Philadelphia from the Great Migration to the era of Black PowerIn this book, author J.T. Roane shows how working-class Black communities cultivated two interdependent modes of insurgent assembly—dark agoras—in twentieth century Philadelphia. He investigates the ways they transposed rural imaginaries about and practices of place as part of their spatial resistances and efforts to contour industrial neighborhoods. In acts that ranged from the mundane acts of refashioning intimate spaces to expressly confrontational and liberatory efforts to transform the city's social and ecological arrangement, these communities challenged the imposition of Progressive and post-Progressive visions for urban order seeking to enclose or displace them.Under the rubric of dark agoras Roane brings together two formulations of collectivity and belonging associated with working-class Black life. While on their surface diametrically opposed, the city's underground—its illicit markets, taverns, pool halls, unlicensed bars, as well as spaces housing illicit sex and informal sites like corners associated with the economically and socially disreputable--constituted a spatial and experiential continuum with the city's set apart—its house meetings, storefronts, temples, and masjid, as well as the extensive spiritually appropriated architectures of the interwar mass movements that included rural land experiments as well as urban housing, hotels, and recreational facilities. Together these sites incubated Black queer urbanism, or dissident visions for urban life challenging dominant urban reform efforts and their modes of producing race, gender, and ultimately the city itself. Roane shows how Black communities built a significant if underappreciated terrain of geographic struggle shaping Philadelphia between the Great Migration and Black Power. This fascinating book will help readers appreciate the importance of Black spatial imaginaries and worldmaking in shaping matters of urban place and politics

Nietzsches drive theory, as it is referred to in the secondary literature, is a rich, unique and fascinating articulation of the human condition. In broad brushstrokes, Nietzsche appears to contend that all human psychology is either directly reducible to animal drives (e.g. sex, aggression) or indirectly explicable to the historical transformations thereof (e.g. ressentiment). Moreover, Nietzsches initial elucidation of drive theory in On the Genealogy of Morals (and elsewhere) is well-complemented with a fecund, profound, and clear elucidation of the concept in the secondary literature. Yet, there remains a glaring lacuna for all the discussion of drive theory in the scholarship. The secondary literature is delinquent in explaining how animal drives became incorporated to form the human psyche. Nietzsches account to elucidate how drives became digested or in his words inpsychated is called the Internalization Hypothesis. However, as it appears in GM: II, 16, the hypothesis is grossly inchoate. The result of this undertheorization is manifold; its deleterious effects resonate along many axes of Nietzsches philosophy. The present book, Internalized Valuation: A Genealogical Analysis of Nietzschean Drive Theory, offers an original and fruitful interpretation of Nietzsches philosophical psychology. First, it clarifies what drives are. Second, it provides a new way of thinking about Nietzsches genealogical methods and then applies these insights to The Genealogy itself. What follows is a work that not only sheds much-needed light on Nietzsches philosophy of mind in general and his theory of emotions in particular, but also informs and illuminates problematic passages of Nietzsches Genealogy. Brian Lightbody is Professor and Chair of Philosophy at Brock University. He is the author of several monographs on Nietzsches philosophy, including Nietzsches Will to Power Naturalized: Translating the Human into Nature and Nature into the Human and Philosophical Genealogy: An Epistemological Reconstruction of Nietzsche and Foucaults Genealogical Method Volumes 1 and 2. His work has appeared in such journals as Philosophy Today, The Journal of Ancient Philosophy, and The European Legacy

This book analyses the strategic and economic significance of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), with a particular focus on the region of Balochistan. Given the history of multiple insurgencies that the Pakistani Military has confronted in Balochistan, the book examines the region's intricate conflict ecosystem and security landscape, which poses potential threats to the CPEC. Structured chronologically, the book traces the evolution of the Pakistani Army's counterinsurgency practices inherited in 1947 from the British Indian Army's culture of fighting small wars through to the contemporary counterinsurgency (COIN) adaptation in the war on terror, and afterwards, to the fifth round of the Balochistan insurgency. The analysis centres on the development of counterinsurgency theory and practice by the Pakistani Army. It empirically investigates the efficacy of the COIN strategy in Balochistan. The author argues that the approach significantly changed after conceptualising the doctrine, especially from 2016 onwards, from butcher and bolt to the inclusion of critical components like political primacy, affect-based, and focused use of force, winning hearts and minds and rules of engagement. As a result, there was reduced violence and an increased number of insurgent surrenders. This book concludes that the Pakistani Army has largely controlled the insurgency in Balochistan. However, simultaneously, there is an urgent need to reduce tangible support to the insurgents through porous borders and implement an effective strategy to sever the nexus between the Islamic State of Khorasan (ISKP) and the Baloch insurgent organisations, as well as the sectarian militant organisations in Balochistan province. This is crucial to ending the insurgency and ensuring the security of CPEC. A novel contribution to the study of counterinsurgency and the importance of CPEC to China's foreign policy and diplomacy, as well as its effects on the conflict dynamics in Balochistan, the book will be of interest to researchers studying War and Conflict Studies, Terrorism Studies, International Relations, Security and Strategic Studies, and South Asian and Chinese Studies.

"When COVID-19 erupted from Wuhan, China under mysterious circumstances, the Communist Party of China covered up its existence for as long as possible. It is now apparent that there is more to COVID than what the authorities wish for us to know. Biohacked: China's Race to Control Life details the decades-long pursuit by the Chinese Communists to dominate the biotechnology industry-to control the very building blocks of life on Earth-to further their political control at home and their supremacy abroad. More appalling than the egregious cover-up that China's rulers engaged in with COVID-19 is the fact that Western scientists, pharmaceutical companies, and research labs have contributed to China's rapid (and dangerous) growth in the biotech industry-so much so that China, not the United States, may become the seat of the biotechnology industry. The Chinese leadership believes that biotechnology is a critical industry for the Communist Party to achieve its "China Dream" of becoming the world's dominant superpower by 2049. In China's biotech sector, truly macabre practices are being developed, from ambitious cloning programs to the creation of potential pathogens that China's military plans to use in "specific genetic attacks" against Beijing's growing list of political enemies. To stop the threat, author Brandon J. Weichert proposes the world's nations create a comprehensive set of treaties for regulating biotechnology research and development. Further, Weichert calls for Washington to slow the transfer of advanced biotechnology knowledge and funding from the United States to China using means like the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and the Committee for Reinvestment in the United States (CFIUS). Unless an all-of-government (and society) approach is taken to curbing irresponsible biotech development in China, then another-deadlier-COVID-19-like pandemic could be at hand"--

This concise book examines the decline and erosion of UMNO as a dominant political party of Malaysia through the perspective of Ibn Khaldun's theory of asabiyyah and umran. It uses the qualitative method of data collection from Ibn Khaldun's original works. After discussing Ibn Khaldun's theory of asabiyyah and umran, UMNOs umranic contributions and erosion of Malay asabiyyah are discussed in detail. The research outlines how asabiyyah led to UMNOs rise to prominence, gain of political power, bringing of progress and development of Malaysia to an umranic stage before it started to decline and erode in concordance with the five stages of Ibn Khaldun's theory of rise and fall of civilizations. This book highlights that early leaders of UMNO played significant role in fostering group feeling and solidarity of the Malays (asabiyyah). Asabiyyah was the engine that propelled UMNO to transform the Malays and Malaysia to an umranic society. In conclusion, the later leaders of UMNO contributed to weakening of the Malay asabiyyah and the fall of UMNO from power in the 14th General Elections in 2018. The process of UMNOs decline and erosion of political power is primarily caused by the leaders failures and shortcomings. The author, a Malaysian lawyer and long-standing Minister in the Prime Minister's Department, Minister of Justice, Minister of Defence, Minister of Foreign Affairs, and Minister of Home Affairs in the Barisan Nasional in Malaysia, concludes with the recommendation that for UMNO to be relevant again in the current political landscape, it must initiate new and serious approaches and initiatives to change itself and must focus on good governance and rule of law in a multi-ethnic Malaysian society. Relevant to scholars and practitioners in political science, sociology, and Islamic studies, this book is a landmark commentary on contemporary Malaysian politics, drawing from the author's own experience as a member of parliament in his various ministerial positions over three decades

Intro -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- About the Author -- List of Tables -- 1 Overview -- 1 Proposition and Framework -- 2 Yan Fu Studies -- 3 Life and Times of Yan Fu -- 4 Translation and Publication -- 2 Spread of The Wealth of Nations -- 1 Adam Smith's Economic Doctrines -- 2 Contents of The Wealth of Nations -- 3 Translations of WN -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Speed and Number of Translations -- 3.3 Quality of Translation -- 3 Receptions of The Wealth of Nations -- 1 Method of Analysis -- 2 Motives for Introducing WN -- 3 Methods of Transmission -- 4 Receptions -- 4.1 Difficulties of Reception -- 4.2 Impact on Decision-Makers -- 4.3 Free Trade and Laissez-Faire -- 4.4 Lack of Interest in Smithian Theory -- 4.5 Reception By Left-Wing Readers -- 5 Objections -- 6 Smith's Impact in Retrospect -- 4 Traduttore Traditore -- 1 Motivation of Translation -- 2 Misunderstanding and Distortion -- 3 The 310 Translator's Notes -- 5 Yan Fu's Understanding of The Wealth of Nations -- 1 General Economic Arguments -- 1.1 Pasture Yields As Good a Rent As Corn Land, and Sometimes a Greater One -- 1.2 On the Determination of the Value of Gold and Silver -- 1.3 Interest Rates and Precious Metals -- 1.4 The Fall in the Price of Corn Since the Establishment of the Bounty is Due to Other Causes -- 1.5 On Mercantilism -- 2 Criticisms on Smith's Doctrines -- 2.1 Theories of Rent -- 2.2 Law of Supply and Demand -- 2.3 Corn as Standard of Value -- 2.4 Navigation Acts -- 2.5 Meaningless Passages -- 3 Praises for Smith's Analyses -- 3.1 Basic Attitude -- 3.2 Anti-bullionism -- 3.3 On Monopoly -- 3.4 Some Defects -- 6 Yan Fu's Economic Ideas -- 1 Problems of Chinese Economy -- 1.1 Silver Standard -- 1.2 Lack of Standard in Measures and Specifications -- 1.3 Trade Deficits -- 1.4 Tax Corruption -- 1.5 Public Debt -- 2 Economic Liberalism -- 2.1 Anti-protectionism.

"The Twilight of World Trotskyism analyzes the reasons behind the historic failure of the Trotskyist movement around the world. The book begins this assessment by briefly recapitulating the origins of Trotskyism, as a political current within the communist movement, and elaborating its major elements, before describing the historical development of Trotskyism in the four countries where it has sunk the deepest roots and which house the clear majority of the world's Fourth Internationals: Argentina, Britain, France and the USA. It then proceeds to map the current state of the global Trotskyist movement. Whatever their current size and status, Trotskyist organizations aspire to become mass political parties and lead revolutionary seizures of power. It is therefore appropriate to examine them through the metrics applied to mainstream parties, namely organization, membership and political influence. The author looks at the dynamics of the Trotskyist movement, focusing in particular on the supposedly harmful effects of the communist movement before then turning to examine the role of Trotskyist organizations in the many revolutionary situations that have appeared since the 1920s and in the various 'cycles of protest' that have occurred in the latter half of the 20th century and the early years of the 21st century. The final section examines the two success stories frequently cited in Trotskyist literature, namely the cases of Bolivia and Sri Lanka. The book concludes by setting out and examining a wide variety of explanations for the chronic and sustained weaknesses of the Trotskyist movement, including its flawed appraisals of contemporary politics and economics, ultra-radical programmes and policies, failures in understanding the dynamics of protest and the baleful legacy of Soviet communism. It is argued that these weaknesses are rooted in Trotskyist doctrine and are therefore integral, not peripheral, features of world Trotskyism. This volume will be essential reading for activists and scholars interested in the transnational history and politics of the radical left"--

The Russia Scare assesses the scope, character and extent of Russian interference in the affairs of liberal democratic states. This book examines the 'Russia scare' in a dynamic manner, stressing the interaction between threat perception, responses and subsequent policies. What forms did this threat take, what were the instruments used, how effective were the deployed tools and who were the allies with whom Russia worked in these endeavours? Above all, what impact did interference have on target societies? The book explores why Russia engaged in such activities, what the probable chain of command was (if any) and the role of the Russian leadership in all of this, as well as investigating the response of Western societies and governments. The author sifts the real from the imagined, which can only be achieved by establishing the larger historical context. He scrutinises the fundamental question: was Russia before the invasion of Ukraine in 2022 really engaged in a sustained 'hybrid warfare' campaign to sow discord and undermine Western democracies? If so, what were the strategic purposes underlying such an activity? Various hypotheses are analysed, notably that Russian post-Cold War activity is nothing exceptional in the context of great power confrontation; that all great powers are engaged in one way or another in such actions, and thus contextualisation is important; and that Russia's subversive activity was often exaggerated, even misrepresented. Responses potentially amplified the elements of subversion represented by the original threat. Threats exist, but responses always need to be calibrated so as not to inflict self-harm on the integrity of liberal democracy itself. This book will be of great interest to students, scholars and academics of international relations, comparative politics, security and defence studies, global governance and Russian politics, as well as politicians, political advisers, NGOs, diplomats and journalists.

The burden of this book is twofold. The first half is charged with identifying and critiquing the many prejudices and misconceptions that inform popular – and even scholarly – perceptions of Islam and Iran, those rooted in neo-conservative hostility no less than those arising out of pro-regime apologetics or (what we will argue are) misleading "post-modern" methodologies. This is a key component of our overall investigation, both because the illusions occluding our view of the Islamic Republic are (we assert) piled so high and deep, and because setting the record straight on many a contentious issue is the most appropriate context for elucidating the positive positions of the revolutionary clerics. These last represent, perhaps more than anything else, the premier critics of Western civilization in our day, and their ideologies may therefore be best comprehended when placed in dialogue with, and in polemic against, the worldviews of that civilization (which in their own turn are often most profoundly understood when offset by their present-day Islamist nemeses). As noted above, it is not all contention: unexpected meeting points and congruities emerge, as well, when the activist Shi'ite clerics are placed in the same virtual room with their occidental counterweights. The second half of the book deploys a large number of rarely tapped primary sources, both ancient and contemporary, in order to tease out the attitudes of the class of Muslim scholars recently and currently at the helm of the Iranian state in a variety of significant fields, including the role of religion in society, the relationship between democracy and theocracy, the modern Western Weltanschauung, the Sunni-Shi'i schism, and much more. Though the author parses, and provides background and context for, the myriad citations from these influential Muslim thinkers, the ultimate objective is to allow them to speak for themselves

What happens when two intelligent American college students with different attitudes about guns launch into a careful exploration of the ethics of gun policy? What might a European exchange student add to the mix? All three characters in this book are fictional, the creation of author David DeGrazia's imagination. But their vigorous, respectful conversations over six meetings--well-informed by the latest empirical data and the best available philosophical arguments--shed needed light on the reality of guns in the U.S. today. These dialogues introduce students, professional academics, and others to the American experience with gun violence and gun policy, articulating ethical arguments supporting and opposing substantial gun control, and specific possibilities for reform. They also demonstrate how those who initially disagree about the place of guns in American society can communicate constructively and agree on many ideas. Dialogue 1 distinguishes the legal rights to private gun ownership from the ethics of gun policy and illustrates how the U.S. is an outlier with respect to gun violence, gun ownership, and gun politics. Dialogue 2 explores the overall social consequences of high rates of gun ownership and minimal regulation and enforcement. Then, turning to moral rights, Dialogue 3 probes the subtle relationships among a right to self-defense, its possible foundation(s), and alleged gun rights. Dialogue 4 turns to appeals to various liberties as possible bases for gun rights. Next, Dialogue 5 examines the possibility that various other moral rights--such as a right to a reasonably safe environment--can illuminate gun policy ethics. Finally, Dialogue 6 concludes with a fairly detailed exploration of the shape of morally defensible gun policy in the United States. Key features: Dialogue format provides an engaging and accessible exchange throughout the book Depth of the ethical analysis refutes those who believe the issues pertaining to guns are simple Up-to-date references and examples make the book more current than the competition.

Many histories of Ancient Greece center their stories on Athens, but what would that history look like if they didn't? There is another way to tell this story, one that situates Greek history in terms of the relationships between smaller Greek cities and in contact with the wider Mediterranean. In this book, author Joshua P. Nudell offers a new history of the period from the Persian wars to wars that followed the death of Alexander the Great, from the perspective of Ionia. While recent scholarship has increasingly treated Greece through the lenses of regional, polis, and local interaction, there has not yet been a dedicated study of Classical Ionia. This book fills this clear gap in the literature while offering Ionia as a prism through which to better understand Classical Greece.

This book offers a clear and accessible narrative of the period between the Persian Wars and the wars of the early Hellenistic period, two nominal liberations of the region. The volume complements existing histories of Classical Greece. Close inspection reveals that the Ionians were active partners in the imperial endeavor, even as imperial competition constrained local decision-making and exacerbated local and regional tensions. At the same time, the book offers interventions on critical issues related to Ionia such as the Athenian conquest of Samos, rhetoric about the freedom of the Greeks, the relationship between Ionian temple construction and economic activity, the status of the Panionion, Ionian poleis and their relationship with local communities beyond the circle of the dodecapolis, and the importance of historical memory to our understanding of ancient Greece. The result is a picture of an Aegean world that is more complex and less beholden narratives that give primacy to the imperial actors at the expense of local developments.

This book provides employees and managers in sales with a clearly defined process for building sustainable business relationships along the account journey. Using a structured method, you will learn how to set yourself up for success right from the start, increase your competitiveness, grow market share, and generate more revenue. In B2B sales today, it's no longer primarily about just solving the customer's problems and skimming their budget. The key to success is to ask your customer the right questions, understand all facets of his strategy, and help him achieve his goals with your offering - this is the only way to create a fruitful, long-term partnership at eye level. If you align your messages with these goals, you will generate tailored customer value, and the customer will have no choice but to accept your offer. This paradigm shift should make it easier for customers to buy, and it can be instrumental in helping account managers in B2B increase their sales in the long run. This book provides practical tools and a blueprint for salespeople to succeed and for managers to lead their teams with purpose. From the contents Account journey and sales process: strategy comparison, strategy overlap, key messages, customer added value Account status and stakeholder analysis: white-space analysis, power interest matrix, personality types Account plan: leading with account management methods, digital skills and modern organizations Technology and digitalization: look-alike models, digital lead generation, data analysis of people networks, predictive selling, automation The author Hans-Peter Neeb, a graduate industrial engineer, is a strategy and management consultant. For more than 15 years, he has been advising executives on customer acquisition and retention strategies, CRM, customer experience and the optimization of marketing and sales processes. The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence. A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content.

"The Twilight of World Trotskyism analyzes the reasons behind the historic failure of the Trotskyist movement around the world. The book begins this assessment by briefly recapitulating the origins of Trotskyism, as a political current within the communist movement, and elaborating its major elements, before describing the historical development of Trotskyism in the four countries where it has sunk the deepest roots and which house the clear majority of the world's Fourth Internationals: Argentina, Britain, France and the USA. It then proceeds to map the current state of the global Trotskyist movement. Whatever their current size and status, Trotskyist organizations aspire to become mass political parties and lead revolutionary seizures of power. It is therefore appropriate to examine them through the metrics applied to mainstream parties, namely organization, membership and political influence. The author looks at the dynamics of the Trotskyist movement, focusing in particular on the supposedly harmful effects of the communist movement before then turning to examine the role of Trotskyist organizations in the many revolutionary situations that have appeared since the 1920s and in the various 'cycles of protest' that have occurred in the latter half of the 20th century and the early years of the 21st century. The final section examines the two success stories frequently cited in Trotskyist literature, namely the cases of Bolivia and Sri Lanka. The book concludes by setting out and examining a wide variety of explanations for the chronic and sustained weaknesses of the Trotskyist movement, including its flawed appraisals of contemporary politics and economics, ultra-radical programmes and policies, failures in understanding the dynamics of protest and the baleful legacy of Soviet communism. It is argued that these weaknesses are rooted in Trotskyist doctrine and are therefore integral, not peripheral, features of world Trotskyism. This volume will be essential reading for activists and scholars interested in the transnational history and politics of the radical left"--

In an era in which leadership and change management models, tools and development schemes based on soft skills constitute the mainstream thought, it has become ever more necessary to develop a scientific and rigorous approach to the life of an organization that can overcome the challenges of different cultural approaches and socio-environmental limitations. In this ground-breaking new book, the author puts forward a universal model for designing an organization. The model is based upon first principles, theoretical properties as well as upon empirical approaches to organizational development so as to form a new model under the name of "Organizational Structuralism". By deploying this new model, organizations will be able to design a new organization from its foundations, improve and change fundamental organizational structures, define and fine-tune key performance indicators and enhance its competitive advantages. Ultimately, "Organizational Structuralism" will allow Scholars, Researchers and University Academics as well as Practitioners, Managers and Executives to be in possession of a comprehensive model that is able to respond effectively and efficiently to every disruptive or non-continuous evolutionary change caused either by the digital transformation or by the geopolitical, environmental and cultural challenges of organizations. The structural properties of an organization are developed and analysed at various organizational levels: from the organizational microstructures, defined as Organizational Quanta up to a general perspective of Organizational structuring based on a completely new Organizational Field Theory. Hence, a comprehensive approach based on a multidisciplinary analysis of organizational life and of its main evolutionary dynamics constitutes the main driver of this book. Kostas Langas has worked as Senior Consultant for many multinational corporations and for Public Institutions. He was the CEO of important companies specialized in organizational reengineering, process improvement, assessment systems of all organizational variables including HR competency and performance development systems. He has taught in various European and American Universities.

"Called "one of the most disruptive brands in beauty" by Forbes, Glossier revolutionized the beauty industry with its sophisticated branding and unique approach to influencer marketing, almost instantly making the company a juggernaut with rabid fans lining up for a chance to buy its coveted products. It also taught a generation of business leaders how to talk to Millennial and Gen Z customers and build a cult following online. At the center of the story lies Emily Weiss, the elusive former Teen Vogue "Superintern" on the reality show The Hills turned Into the Gloss beauty blogger who had the vision, guts, and searing ambition needed to launch Glossier. She cannily turned every meeting into an opportunity to fuel her own personal success. Together with her signature style and singular vision for the future of consumerism, she could not be stopped. Just how did a young woman from suburban Connecticut with no real job experience work her way into the bathrooms of the most influential names in the world and build that access into a $1.8 billion business? Is she solely responsible for its success? And why, eight years after her start, at the seeming height of Glossier mania, did she step down? In Glossy, journalist and author Marisa Meltzer weaves together in-depth interviews with former Glossier employees, investors, and Weiss herself to bring you inside the walls of this fascinationg and secretive company. From fundraising to product launches to unconventional hiring practices, Meltzer exposes the inner workings of Glossier's culture, culminating in the story of Weiss herself. The Devil Wears Prada for the Bad Blood generation, Glossy is not only a gripping portrait of one of the most important business leaders of Weiss's time but also a chronicle of an era" --