"A bracing assessment of U.S. foreign policy and world disorder over the past two decades, anchored by a major new Pentagon-commissioned essay about changing power dynamics among China, Eurasia, and America--from the renowned geopolitical analyst and bestselling author of The Revenge of Geography and The Coming Anarchy. In the late thirteenth century, Marco Polo began a decades-long trek from Venice to China. The strength of that Silk Road--the trade route between Europe and Asia--was a foundation of Kublai Khan's sprawling empire. Now, in the early twenty-first century, the Chinese regime has proposed a land-and-maritime Silk Road that duplicates exactly the route Marco Polo traveled. In the major lead essay, recently released by the Pentagon's Office of Net Assessment, Robert D. Kaplan lays out a blueprint of the world's changing power politics that recalls the late thirteenth century. As Europe fractures from changes in culture and migration, Eurasia coheres into a single conflict system. China is constructing a land bridge to Europe. Iran and India are trying to link the oil fields of Central Asia to the Indian Ocean. America's ability to influence the power balance in Eurasia is declining. This is Kaplan's first collection of essays since his classic The Coming Anarchy was published in 2000. Drawing on decades of firsthand experience as a foreign correspondent and military embed for The Atlantic, as well as encounters with preeminent realist thinkers, Kaplan outlines the timeless principles that should shape America's role in a turbulent world: a respect for the limits of Western-style democracy; a delineation between American interests and American values; an awareness of the psychological toll of warfare; a projection of power via a strong navy; and more. From Kaplan's immediate thoughts on President Trump ("On Foreign Policy, Donald Trump Is No Realist," 2016) to a frank examination of what will happen in the event of war with North Korea ("When North Korea Falls," 2006), The Return of Marco Polo's World is a vigorous and honest reckoning with the difficult choices the United States will face in the years ahead. "These essays constitute a truly pathbreaking, brilliant synthesis and analysis of geographic, political, technological, and economic trends with far-reaching consequences. The Return of Marco Polo's World is another work by Robert D. Kaplan that will be regarded as a classic."--General David Petraeus (U.S. Army, Ret.)"--
Machine generated contents note: pt. One From Colony to Nation (1608 -- 1776) -- 1.John Winthrop, John Cotton, and Nathaniel Niles: The Basic Principles of Puritan Political Thought / Michael J. Rosano -- 2.Thomas Hutchinson and James Otis on Sovereignty, Obedience, and Rebellion / Howard L. Lubert -- 3.Thomas Paine: The American Radical / John C. Koritansky -- 4.Benjamin Franklin: A Model American and an American Model / Steven Forde -- pt. Two The New Republic (1776 -- 1820) -- 5.Liberty, Constitutionalism, and Moderation: George Washington's Harmonizing of Traditions / Paul O. Carrese -- 6.John Adams and the Republic of Laws / Richard Samuelson -- 7.Legitimate Government, Religion, and Education: The Political Philosophy of Thomas Jefferson / Aristide Tessitore -- 8.The Political Science of James Madison / Michael P. Zuckert -- 9.Alexander Hamilton on the Grand Strategy of Free Government / Karl-Friedrich Walling -- 10.America's Modernity: James Wilson on Natural Law and Natural Rights / Eduardo A. Velasquez -- 11.Anti-Federalist Political Thought: Brutus and The Federal Farmer / Murray Dry -- 12.The New Constitutionalism of Publius / James R. Stoner Jr. -- 13.Union, Constitutionalism, and the Judicial Defense of Rights: John Marshall / Matthew J. Franck -- pt. Three A Divided Nation (1820 -- 1865) -- 14.John Quincy Adams on Principle and Practice / David Tucker -- 15.Union and Liberty: The Political Thought of Daniel Webster / Sean Mattie -- 16.Henry Clay and the Statesmanship of Compromise / Kimberly C. Shankman -- 17.For Constitution and Country? John C. Calhoun, American Politics, and the Union / George D. Alecusan -- 18.The Art of the Judge: Justice Joseph Story and the Founders' Constitution / Peter Schotten -- 19.James Fenimore Cooper: Nature and Nature's God / John E. Alvis -- 20.Religion, Nature, and Disobedience in the Thought of Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau / Bryan-Paul Frost -- 21."Proclaim Liberty throughout the Land": Frederick Douglass, William Lloyd Garrison, and the Abolition of Slavery / Richard S. Ruderman -- 22.Abraham Lincoln: The Moderation of a Democratic Statesman / Steven Kautz --pt. Four Growth of an Empire (1865 -- 1945) -- 23.Walt Whitman and Politics by Other Means / Peter S. Field -- 24.Feminism as an American Project: The Political Thought of Elizabeth Cady Stanton / Melissa S. Williams -- 25.Mark Twain on the American Character / David Foster -- 26.Pricking the Bubble of Utopian Sentiment: The Political Thought of William Graham Sumner / Lance Robinson -- 27.Booker T. Washington and the "Severe American Crucible" / Peter W. Schramm -- 28.Co-workers in the Kingdom of Culture: W. E. B. Du Bois's Vision of Race Synthesis / Jonathan Marks -- 29.Henry Adams and Our Ancient Faith / Christopher Flannery -- 30.Jane Addams as Civic Theorist: Struggling to Reconcile Competing Claims / Jean Bethke Elshtain -- 31.Herbert Croly's Progressive "Liberalism" / Thomas S. Engeman -- 32.Theodore Roosevelt and the Stewardship of the American Presidency / Jean M. Yarbrough -- 33.Woodrow Wilson, the Organic State, and American Republicanism / Ronald J. Pestritto -- 34.The Making of the Modern Supreme Court: Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., and Louis D. Brandeis / David F. Forte -- 35.John Dewey's Alternative Liberalism / David Fott -- 36.Franklin Delano Roosevelt and the Second Bill of Rights / Donald R. Brand -- pt. Five New Challenges at Home and Abroad (1945 -- present) -- 37.Ayn Rand: Radical for Capitalism / William R. Thomas -- 38.Walker Percy's American Thomism / Peter Augustine Lawler -- 39.Russell Kirk's Anglo-American Conservatism / James McClellan -- 40.The Two Revolutions of Martin Luther King, Jr. / Peter C. Myers -- 41.Malcolm X: From Apolitical Acolyte to Political Preacher / Lucas E. Morel -- 42.Betty Friedan and Gloria Steinem: The Popular Transformation of American Feminism in the Late Twentieth Century / Daryl McGowan Tress -- 43."The Secret Heart of America": Lyndon Baines Johnson's Bold Synthesis of American Thought / James A. Morone -- 44.John Rawls's "Democratic" Theory of Justice / David Lewis Schaefer -- 45.Henry Kissinger: The Challenge of Statesmanship in Liberal Democracy / Peter Josephson -- 46.Irving Kristol and the Reinvigoration of Bourgeois Republicanism / Laurence D. Cooper -- 47.The Jurisprudence of William Joseph Brennan, Jr., and Thurgood Marshall / Bradley C. S. Watson -- 48.Ronald Reagan: Statesman and Original Political Thinker / Steven F. Hayward -- 49.The Textualist Jurisprudence of Antonin Scalia / Ralph A. Rossum --50."Yes, We Can": The Progressive Political Thought of Barack Obama / Jeffrey Sikkenga.
Foreword : Falling in love with Jonnie Ray: sixty years of telling sexual stories / Ken Plummer -- Introduction / Thomas Waugh and Brandon Arroyo -- Part 1 : Scientia sexualis, Activism: The treachery of rape representation / Tal Kastner and Ummni Khan -- More than just selfies : #occupotty, affect, and confession as activism / Andie Shabbar -- Against authenticity : the feminist turn in N. Maxwell Lander's video work / Naomi De Szegheo-Lang with N. Maxwell Lander -- Blogging affects and others inheritances of feminist consciousness-raising / Ela Przybylo and Veronika Novoselova -- "Yes I'm Gay" : the mediality of coming out / Silke Jandl -- Author, subject, and audience: "Aren't you worried about what people might say? What people might do?" : Lady Gaga and the "heeling" of queer trauma / Jacob Evoy -- Letters to Nina Hartley : pornography, parrhesia, and sexual confessions / Ingrid Olson -- Femininities of excess : the cinematic confessions of Rituparno Ghosh / Shohini Ghosh -- The videomaker and the rent boy : gay-for-pay confessional in 101 Rent Boys and Broke Straight Boys TV / Nicholas De Villiers -- Confession : watching the masturbating boys (excerpts) / Intervals, an anonymous collective -- Part 2 : Ars Erotica, Pornographies : Life a prayer : confessing my beatific-cum-demonic visions of men (and God?) / Connor Steele -- Camming and erotic capital : the pornographic as an expression of neoliberalism / Éric Falardeau (translated by Jordan Arseneault) -- Confessions of a masked pornographer : reorienting gay male identity via bodily confession / Brandon Arroyo -- Sadean confessions in Virginie Despente's punk-porn-feminism / Valentina Denzel -- Fuck Yeah Levi Karter! and new authenticities / Daniel Laurin -- Circuitous pleasures, guilt, and pain : nymph()maniac and the pornographic hard code / Justine T. McLellan -- Porn fast / Shaka McGlotten -- Documentaries : "I confess : I was the firl in the shadows" / Rebecca Sullivan -- Queer auto-porn-art : genealogies, aesthetics, ethics, and desire / Thomas Waugh -- On not seeing all : The Incomplete, sexual play, and the ethics of the frame / Susanna Paasonen -- To queer things up : sexing the self in the queer documentary web series / Sarah E. S. Sinwell -- A man with a mother : Tarnation and the subject of confession / Damon R. Young -- Looking, stroking, and speaking : a queer ethics of MAP desire / Anonymous -- Playing confession : gaming, autobiography, and the elusive self / Stephen Charbonneau -- From a "disappeared aesthetics" to a "trans-aesthetics," and the elusive self / Milan Pribisic -- Writing intimacy : fantasy, new media, and confession in Marie Calloway's what purpose did I serve in your life / Eleanor Ty -- Hentai confessions : transgression and "sexual technologies of the self" in Akihiko Shiota's Moonlight Whispers / Ron S. Judy -- Porno-graphing : "dirtiness" and self-objectification / Annamaria Pinaka -- Shut me up in Grindr : anti-confessional discourse and sensual nonsense in MSM media / Tom Roach.
Chapter 1. Advances in Chinese Children, Adolescent and Family Research (Moon Law, DSW, Daniel TL Shek, PhD, Ariel Tenenbaum, MD, and Joav Merrick, MD, DMSc, School of Social Sciences, Caritas Institute of Higher Education, Hong Kong, China, and others) -- Section One: Child and Adolescent Development -- Chapter 2. Reliability and Validity of the Chinese Version of the Psycho-Educational Profile (Third Edition) for Children with Developmental Problems (Daniel TL Shek, PhD, and Lu Yu, PhD, Department of Applied Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China) -- Chapter 3. The Impacts of a UNICEF Health Promotion Project on Primary Health Care in Western China: A Comprehensive Evaluation at Provincial Level (Yuxue Bi, PhD, Dejian Lai, PhD, and Hong Yan, MD, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China, and others) -- Chapter 4. Materialism in Chinese Adolescents in Hong Kong: Profiles and Socio-Demographic Correlates (Daniel TL Shek, PhD, Li Lin, PhD, Andrew MH Siu, PhD, and Britta M. Lee, Department of Applied Social Sciences and Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China) -- Chapter 5. Materialism and Egocentrism in Chinese Adolescents in Hong Kong: Perceptions of Teachers (Daniel TL Shek, PhD, Cecilia Ma, PhD, Andrew MH Siu, PhD, and Britta M. Lee, Department of Applied Social Sciences and Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China) -- Section Two: Family environment -- Chapter 6. Family Mealtime Environment and Child Behavior Outcomes in Chinese Preschool Children (Cynthia Leung, PhD, Sandra Tsang, PhD, Sing Kai Lo, PhD, and Ruth Chan, PhD, Department of Applied Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China, and others) -- Chapter 7. Families in Transition in Hong Kong: Implications to Family Research and Practice (Janet TY Leung, PhD, and Daniel TL Shek, PhD, Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China, and others) -- Chapter 8. Subjective Outcome Evaluation of the Tin Ka Ping P.A.T.H.S. Project in China: View of the Students (Daniel TL Shek, PhD, Tak Yan Lee, PhD, Julie Zhu and Lawrence K Ma, Department of Applied Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China, and others) -- Chapter 9. Evaluation of the Project P.A.T.H.S. in Mainland China: Views of the Program Implementers in Senior High Schools (Daniel TL Shek, PhD, Florence KY Wu, EdD, Rachel Sun and Mengtong Chen, PhD, Department of Applied Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China, and others) -- Chapter 10. Evaluation of the Training Program of a Positive Youth Development Program: Tin Ka Ping P.A.T.H.S. Project in China (Daniel TL Shek, PhD, Janet TY Leung, PhD, Rachel CF Sun, Mengtong Chen, PhD, and Chi Kin Chung, Department of Applied Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China, and others) -- Chapter 11. Tin Ka Ping P.A.T.H.S. Project in Mainland China: Preliminary Evaluation Findings (Daniel TL Shek, PhD, Tak-Yan Lee, PhD, Rachel CF Sun, PhD, Florence KY Wu, EdD, and Janet TY Leung, PhD, Department of Applied Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China, and others) -- Chapter 12. Evaluation Findings of Tin Ka Ping P.A.T.H.S. Project Implemented in Junior Secondary Schools: Implementers' Views (Daniel TL Shek, PhD, Xiaoqin Zhu, PhD, and Janet TY Leung, PhD, Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China) -- Chapter 13. Subjective Outcome Evaluation of the Tin Ka Ping P.A.T.H.S. Project: Views of Senior Secondary School Students (Daniel TL Shek, PhD, Rachel CF Sun, Irene Wu, PhD, and Moon YM Law, Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China, and others) -- Chapter 14. Implementation of the Tin Ka Pin Project in Two Chinese Cities: Students' Subjective Outcome Evaluation (Lu Yu, PhD, and Esther YW Shek, Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China, and others) -- Chapter 15. Subjective Outcome Evaluation of a Service Leadership Subject: Findings Based on University Students in Hong Kong (Janet TY Leung, PhD, and Daniel TL Shek, PhD,Department of Applied Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China) -- Chapter 16. Student Development under a New General Education Program in Hong Kong: A 3-Year Longitudinal Assessment (Daniel TL Shek, PhD, Lu Yu, PhD, and Xiaoqin Zhu, PhD, Department of Applied Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China) -- Chapter 17. Promotion of Service Leadership Qualities in Chinese University Students: Objective Outcome Evaluation Based on Six Waves of Data (Hildie Leung, PhD, Daniel TL Shek, PhD, and Li Lin, PhD, Department of Applied Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China) -- Section Two: Acknowledgements -- Chapter 18. About the Editors -- Chapter 19. About the Center for Children with Chronic Diseases and Down Syndrome Center Jerusalem, Israel, Department of Pediatrics, Mt Scopus Campus, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel -- Chapter 20. About the Department of Applied Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hunghom, Hong Kong -- Chapter 21. About the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development -- Chapter 22. About the Book Series "Public health: Practices, Methods and Policies" -- Section Three: Index.
"Defining Documents in American History: U.S. Involvement in the Middle East offers in-depth analysis of 64 primary source documents at the foundation of the study of United States involvement in conflicts in the Middle East. The Middle East and the United States have had a complex relationship since the early 1800s, especially as it relates to the conflicts and wars that the region has experienced in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. The United States has engaged in military and covert operations throughout the Middle East in an effort to protect its own strategic interests, maintain access to oil resources, settle rivalries, and prevent the spread of terrorism and weapons of mass destruction. The documents in this volume of the Defining Documents series provide an overview of the turbulent history and current state of U.S. relations with the Middle East. The primary source documents include book excerpts, speeches, political debates, testimony, court rulings, legal texts, legislative acts, essays, newspaper articles, and interviews. These selecƯtions trace the role and complex history of U.S. involvement in the conflicts in the Middle East in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. The material is organized into five sections, and each section begins with a brief introducƯtion that examines the politics and policies of the United States and the Middle East through a variety of historical documents. Colonialism and the Transition to U.S. Influence includes documents from the years 1896-1957 that track the history of conflicts in the Middle East as a time when most of the area had been under direct or indirect foreign rule, nationalist forces arose, including Theodor Herzl's call for a Jewish state; Truman's Statement on Immigration into Palestine; and Gamal Abder Nasser on the Nationalization of the Suez Canal. Arab Voices in Oppression includes documents that trace the evolution of Islam in the region (1744-1977) such as The Saud Family and Wahhabi Islam, Sayyid Qutb on Jihad, and the Palestinian National Charter. Late Twentieth-Century Wars and Peace Accords begins with UN Security Council Resolution 242 on the Arab-Israeli Conflict, and includes Camp David Accords, a report and analysis of the 1993 World Trade Center Bombing, and Muhammad Qutb on the Origins of Islam. 9/11, Afghanistan, and Iraq is the most extensive section, covering a period of time from 1996-2013 and includes such pivotal documents in the relationship between the U.S. and the Middle East such as Osama bin-Laden's' Declaration of Jihad against the Americans, Colin Powel on Iraqi Weapons of Mass Destruction, "Mission to Niger" and the Valerie Plame Affair, The Zelikow Memo, and President Obama's Remarks on the Killing of Osama bin Laden. Arab Spring, ISIS, and After, which takes us from 2011 to the present, with documents such as Flashing Red: A Special Report on the Terrorist Attack at Benghazi; Donald Trump's "Muslim Ban" Speech; and "U.S. Gov't Misled Public About Afghan War." Each Historical Document is supported by a critical essay, written by historians and teachers, that includes a Summary Overview, Defining Moment, About the Author, Document Analysis, and Essential Themes. An important feature of each essay is a close reading of the primary source that develops broader themes, such as the author's rhetorical purpose, social or class position, point of view, and other relevant issues. Each essay also includes a Bibliography Further Reading section for additional readings and research. Appendixes in this book include: Chronological List which arranges all documents by year ; Web Resources, an annotated list of websites that offer valuable supplemental resources ; Bibliography lists of helpful articles and books for further study."--
""Coming out of the current COVID crisis, many expect further industry consolidation across sectors. The Global Rule of Three lifts the curtain on what this future could look like. The book is packed with great insights into the dynamic forces shaping most industries: above all, that those who know how to truly serve will be the long term winners." -Paul Polman, Co-Founder & Chair, IMAGINE and former CEO, Unilever "Congratulations for writing a seminal book on how industries evolve, grow, plateau and revitalize over time! Simultaneous coexistence of both the volume driven full line competitors (oligopoly) and the margin driven niche players (monopolistic competitors) is unique to competitive positioning Globally." - Philip Kotler, S.C. Johnson & Son Distinguished Professor of International Marketing (emeritus), Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University, USA "The Global Rule of Three is an eye opener! It provides a blue print on how to compete globally especially against growing competition from Multinationals from the Emerging Markets such as China and India. Buy it, you will like it!" -Ram Charan, Best Selling Author and Advisor to Global Enterprises "The Global Rule of Three offers a plethora of historical as well as contemporary examples to chronicle the evolution of hypercompetition leading up to the current pan-industrial revolution. A must read for every manager interested in the spiraling competition from multinationals of emerging markets such as China and India." -Richard D'Aveni, Bakala Professor of Strategy, Tuck School of Business, Dartmouth College, USAIn our increasingly digital, mobile, and global world, the existing theories of business and economics have lost much of their appeal with the phenomenal rise of Chindia, the reality of Brexit, the turmoil caused by the Covid-19 pandemic, and the seismic shifting of the global center of gravity from west to east. In the area of innovation, the traditional thinking that a developed country, often the US, will come up with the next major innovation, launch at home first, and then take it to other markets does not ring true anymore. Similarly, the world where conglomerates go bargain-hunting for acquisitions in emerging markets has been turned upside-down. This book reveals and illustrates the Global Rule of Three phenomenon, which stipulates that in competitive markets only three companies (which the authors call "generalists") can dominate the market. All other players in the market are specialists. Further, whereas the financial performance of generalists improves as market share increases, specialist companies see a decrease in financial performance as their market share increases, as the latter are margin-driven companies. This theory powerfully captures the evolution of global markets and what executives must do to succeed. It is based on empirical analyses of hundreds of markets and industries in the US and globally. Competitive markets evolve in a predictable fashion across industries and geographies, where every industry goes through a similar lifecycle from beginning to end (or revitalization). From local to regional to national markets, the last stop in the evolution of markets is going global. The pattern is so consistent that it represents a distinct and natural market structure at every level. The authors offer strategies that generalists and specialist should follow to stay competitive as well as twelve expansion strategies for global companies from emerging markets. This book chronicles this global evolution and provides impactful managerial implications for executives and students of marketing and corporate strategy alike."--Page 4 of cover
Klappentext: The book "Fading Authority of the Non-Intervention Principle: Analysis of Uganda's Intervention in South Sudan under International Law" focuses on the consequence of international politics in regard to the non-intervention principle and international law violations. In its formal definition, non-intervention is an international law principle and a foreign policy characterized by prohibition or absence of interference by state in the domestic affairs of another sovereign state without its consent with certain exceptions. In 2013 Uganda militarily intervened in South Sudan conflict and consequently interfered with the latter's internal politics. The author intends to demonstrate that the aforesaid intervention was executed in breach of the non-intervention principle without noteworthy reactions by international community. As the principle's application is predominantly driven by states' foreign policies, such intervention in South Sudan shows that the principle, to some extent, is deprived of its strength.It suggests that South Sudan's sovereignty is at stake due to Uganda's military intervention and its consequential human rights violations. Meanwhile, the international community did not properly react or intervene despite South Sudan territorial integrity and political independence are threatened as a result of Uganda's use of force and the non-intervention principle's fading authority in international relations. It critically studies, analyzes, exposes and calls for action on Uganda's military interference with South Sudan's territorial integrity and political independence and the violation of international law in South Sudan which is able to cause threat to international peace and security.This book provides new and multi-dimensional insights into international law and foreign policy and their application or contempt by sovereign states and the international community as a whole. It applies a complex mix of methods and studies international legal literatures on international law to explain the status of non-intervention principle under international law with special reference to the UN Charter and the AU Constitutive Act, contrasting legal theory with the principle's application and state practice and foreign policies. It seeks to shed more light on Uganda's intervention in South Sudan and how intervention in South Sudan civil war was perceived by the UN and AU and triggered international reactions. Its findings demonstrate that non-intervention principle has been violated in South Sudan and its authority is weakened as a new exception to the principle is emerging. It alluded, Uganda's legitimization of dictatorship in South Sudan, in tandem with the West (US & UK) and East (Russia & China), and the change in the UN, a simmering change from its original intention to a new political dawn in Africa and the Middle East, has a diminishing effect on the principle's authority and the likelihood of the emergence of a new justification i.e. the Uganda's collusive intervention and state practice. The study defines Uganda's collusive intervention as an agreement that is dictatorially concluded between two or more leaders (e.g. Museveni and Kiir) which creates loopholes and gaps in the international law.The study approaches the research problem by using Uganda's military intervention in South Sudan as a case of study in order to show how the fading authority of the non-intervention principle constitutes a threat to international law and state sovereignty. It tested all Uganda's arguments forwarded as a legitimization for its military intervention against the existing international legal standards in order to ascertain whether the intervention was executed illegally and in a violation of the non-intervention principle and as a consequence constitutes a threat to international peace and security. It further proves that non-intervention authority is eroded as a result of inapplicability and unenforceability of the United Nations Charter.
