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""Coming out of the current COVID crisis, many expect further industry consolidation across sectors. The Global Rule of Three lifts the curtain on what this future could look like. The book is packed with great insights into the dynamic forces shaping most industries: above all, that those who know how to truly serve will be the long term winners." -Paul Polman, Co-Founder & Chair, IMAGINE and former CEO, Unilever "Congratulations for writing a seminal book on how industries evolve, grow, plateau and revitalize over time! Simultaneous coexistence of both the volume driven full line competitors (oligopoly) and the margin driven niche players (monopolistic competitors) is unique to competitive positioning Globally." - Philip Kotler, S.C. Johnson & Son Distinguished Professor of International Marketing (emeritus), Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University, USA "The Global Rule of Three is an eye opener! It provides a blue print on how to compete globally especially against growing competition from Multinationals from the Emerging Markets such as China and India. Buy it, you will like it!" -Ram Charan, Best Selling Author and Advisor to Global Enterprises "The Global Rule of Three offers a plethora of historical as well as contemporary examples to chronicle the evolution of hypercompetition leading up to the current pan-industrial revolution. A must read for every manager interested in the spiraling competition from multinationals of emerging markets such as China and India." -Richard D'Aveni, Bakala Professor of Strategy, Tuck School of Business, Dartmouth College, USAIn our increasingly digital, mobile, and global world, the existing theories of business and economics have lost much of their appeal with the phenomenal rise of Chindia, the reality of Brexit, the turmoil caused by the Covid-19 pandemic, and the seismic shifting of the global center of gravity from west to east. In the area of innovation, the traditional thinking that a developed country, often the US, will come up with the next major innovation, launch at home first, and then take it to other markets does not ring true anymore. Similarly, the world where conglomerates go bargain-hunting for acquisitions in emerging markets has been turned upside-down. This book reveals and illustrates the Global Rule of Three phenomenon, which stipulates that in competitive markets only three companies (which the authors call "generalists") can dominate the market. All other players in the market are specialists. Further, whereas the financial performance of generalists improves as market share increases, specialist companies see a decrease in financial performance as their market share increases, as the latter are margin-driven companies. This theory powerfully captures the evolution of global markets and what executives must do to succeed. It is based on empirical analyses of hundreds of markets and industries in the US and globally. Competitive markets evolve in a predictable fashion across industries and geographies, where every industry goes through a similar lifecycle from beginning to end (or revitalization). From local to regional to national markets, the last stop in the evolution of markets is going global. The pattern is so consistent that it represents a distinct and natural market structure at every level. The authors offer strategies that generalists and specialist should follow to stay competitive as well as twelve expansion strategies for global companies from emerging markets. This book chronicles this global evolution and provides impactful managerial implications for executives and students of marketing and corporate strategy alike."--Page 4 of cover

"How human technological interventions into death and the dead body since the nineteenth century have had a profound impact on today's (and future) end-of-life and human mortality realities. As Director of the Centre for Death and Society, the world's only interdisciplinary studies centre dedicated to researching death, dying, and the dead body, and the son of an American Funeral Director who grew up in the funeral industry, I am uniquely positioned to author a new book on the human corpse and technology. Death and the dead body are both extremely popular topics, and the books being currently published are tapping into that popular appeal. Most of these books, however, cover topics that remain perennially discussed. Indeed, it is striking how so many of the current books on death and dying reflect the same issues raised during the 1970's, a decade during which Publisher's Weekly enthusiastically told its readers "Death is now selling books!" A quick snapshot of some current(ish) death, dying, and dead body books includes, but is certainly not limited to: Mary Roach's Stiff: The Curious Lives of Human Cadavers, which was published in 2003 but remains widely read thirteen-years later; more recent books, such as Atul Gawande's Being Mortal, Caitlin Doughty's Smoke Gets in Your Eyes, and Brandy Schillace's Death's Summer Coat have all tapped into this popular genre. Books by academic authors such as Margaret Schwartz's Dead Matter and Thomas Laqueur's The Work of the Dead present historical and cultural contexts that are equally important. My listing of texts could exceed several pages but what is important about most contemporary death books is that the texts rarely give the history of publishing books on death much analysis. If any death-topic authors' names appear they are usually Jessica Mitford, Elizabeth Kübler-Ross, and Ernest Becker. Sigmund Freud sometimes appears (in connection to Becker) but on the whole these specific authors represent a fraction of the 'death canon.' What I am writing improves on these texts by presenting readers with a more complex and interesting history than most books on death, dying, and the dead body currently pursue. In a nutshell I present a longer view on how human technological interventions into death and the dead body since the nineteenth century have had a profound impact on today's (and future) end-of-life and human mortality realities. It is too easy to sum up most current books on death, dying, and the dead body by simply saying, "We've been here before" - but it's also accurate. What my book presents are new and important ways to critically understand both the distant and recent past of human death, e.g., nineteenth century postmortem photography's crucial relationship to twentieth century life extension technology. Ironically, these nineteenth century historical records are often archived and accessible (and very well presented in MIT Press's Secure the Shadow by Jay Ruby), whereas web based material from twenty, even ten-years-ago often disappears before it can be analyzed and discussed. The key point for any book being written about death and dying today is that it really needs to understand and articulate how popular interest in death didn't emerge from nowhere. The current popularity of death, dying, and the dead body is the result of many individuals working in many different fields over the last two centuries as both academics and practitioners. More than anything the collective twenty-first century discourse on death needs to have its dominant narratives challenged and pushed in new directions. This book takes on that challenge and re-defines death, dying, and the dead body for readers by opening up human mortality's complicated and often vexing history"--

<p class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; line-height: 100%;" align="justify">Este artigo tem o objetivo de questionar se as ideias desenvolvidas por Heleieth Saffioti podem ser lidas como uma contribuição para a análise da Formação Social do Brasil. Dessa forma, apresenta a leitura da autora sobre as relações patriarcais existentes no país explicitando que a formação da sociedade brasileira se deu impregnada por este tipo de dominação e trazendo para esta análise a perspectiva das mulheres. Estabelecemos um diálogo com Florestan Fernandes, a partir da ideia das reminiscências de relações sociais do "passado no presente". Por fim, avançando no que entendemos como o salto teórico-metodológico da autora, fazemos uma exposição sobre sua contribuição da leitura do problema de gênero na sociedade brasileira, com suas formulações sobre o nó (gênero, raça/etnia e classe) fundamental para a compreensão das relações na sociedade capitalista contemporânea.</p><p class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; line-height: 100%;" align="justify"> </p><p class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; line-height: 100%;" align="justify">HELEIETH SAFFIOTTI CONTRIBUTION TO THE ANALYSIS OF BRAZIL: Does gender matter for social formation?</p><p class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; line-height: 100%;" align="justify">This article is intended to question whether the ideas developed by Heleieth Saffioti can be read as a contribution to the analysis of the Formation of Brazil. Thus, it presents the author's reading on patriarchal relations in the country, explaining that the formation of Brazilian society was impregnated with patriarchal domination, bringing the perspective of women to this analysis. We established a dialogue with Florestan Fernandes, based on the idea of reminiscences of social relations from the "past in the present". Finally, advancing in what we understand as the theoretical-methodological leap of the author, we make an exposition about her contribution to the reading of the gender trouble in Brazilian society, with her formulations on the knot (gender, race / ethnicity and class) fundamental to the understanding of relationships in contemporary capitalist society</p><p class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; line-height: 100%;" align="justify">Keywords: Heleieth Saffioti. Patriarchy. Social formation. Node. Capitalism.</p><p class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; line-height: 100%;" align="justify"> </p><p class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; line-height: 100%;" align="justify">CONTRIBUTION DE HELEIETH SAFFIOTI À L'ANALYSE DU BRÉSIL: le genre est-il important pour la formation sociale?</p><p class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; line-height: 100%;" align="justify">Cet article entend se demander si les idées développées par Heleieth Saffioti peuvent être lues comme une contribution à l'analyse de la formation du Brésil. Ainsi, il présente la lecture de l'auteur sur les relations patriarcales dans le pays, expliquant que la formation de la société brésilienne a été imprégnée de domination patriarcale, apportant la perspective des femmes à cette analyse. Nous avons établi un dialogue avec Florestan Fernandes, basé sur l'idée de réminiscences des relations sociales du "passé au présent". Enfin, en avançant dans ce que nous entendons par saut théorique-méthodologique de l'auteur, nous exposons sa contribution à la lecture du problème du genre dans la société brésilienne, avec ses formulations sur le nœud (genre, race/ ethnicité et classe) fondamental compréhension des relations dans la société capitaliste contemporaine.</p><p class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; line-height: 100%;" align="justify">Mots clés: Heleieth Saffioti. Patriarcat. Formation sociale. Noeud. Capitalisme.</p>

The article explores the development of methodological principles in the field of strategic planning and management and the development of planning documents in the field of national security, taking into account the peculiarities of the current stage of global development, the variability of the security environment.
The purpose of this article is to identify problematic issues in the field of national security planning in Ukraine and ways to improve the process of development and implementation of the National Security Strategy, taking into account the best world practices. The research is based on the analysis of publications by domestic and foreign researchers in the field of strategic planning, appropriate legal acts of Ukraine, as well as the author's experience gained from her involving in development of draft strategic documents of the state.
This article is focusing on solving the following scientific and practical problems: identification of the main trends in the development of methodological framework of strategic planning in the field of national security; identification of problems in the field of strategic planning in the field of national security of Ukraine; identification of scientifically substantiated ways to improve the process of strategic planning in the field of national security in Ukraine, taking into account the best international practices.
The main research methods are empirical (in particular, observations, descriptions, comparisons) and general scientific (primarily, analysis, synthesis, generalization, explanation, historical and logical methods, etc.).
The main results of the study are, in particular, the following:
It is determined that in accordance to the best world practices the development of national security strategies take into account the principles of national resilience and the wide expert involvement in the process of preparation of such a document is recommended. The growing role of strategic management and the need to ensure national resilience characterize current trends in the development of methodological framework of strategic planning in the field of national security.
It is emphasized that the very fact that the state has a national security strategy based on the scientific ground is not a guarantee of achieving certain goals and results in practice. Therefore, the process of implementation of such a document should be under constant control by the public authorities.
The new cycle of planning has been starting after the adoption in 2020 of the new National Security Strategy of Ukraine. The analysis conducted by the author revealed a number of problematic issues, the solution of which requires, in particular, the amendment to the Law of Ukraine "On National Security of Ukraine" in terms of strategic planning. The fundamental differences and innovations of the current National Security Strategy of Ukraine in comparison with its previous editions are determined.
It is emphasized that lessons from the experience of implementing strategic planning documents in the field of national security should be learned in Ukraine. It is determined that the low level of implementation of previous national security strategies of Ukraine was caused by the declarative nature of some of their norms, lack and formality of control over the implementation of such documents, lack of reporting procedures, indicators and criteria for evaluating the results, including for their compliance with certain objectives.
The lack of attention to the analysis of the security situation in appropriate field, risk assessment, forecasting, threat identification and vulnerability detection are identified as some of the most significant problems during the preparation of strategic planning documents in the field of national security.
Based on the results of the study, recommendations for the state authorities of Ukraine were prepared.

Purpose
Product ratings and reviews are popular tools to support buying decisions of consumers. Many e-commerce platforms now offer product ratings and reviews as ratings and reviews are valuable for online retailers. However, luxury goods industry is somewhat slow to adapt to the digital terrain. The purpose of this paper is to answer "how luxury consumers see user-generated product ratings and reviews for their online shopping experience and what important factors or values are perceived by the luxury consumers when they shop online?"


Design/methodology/approach
To understand how luxury consumers use product ratings and reviews before buying online, a survey with a situational set up of variations of rating, review and price options in association with a number of hypothetical luxury goods was conducted among 421 global luxury consumers out of over 6,000 people. The study was carried out from September to October 2018 for six weeks in the form of online and mobile survey. User population is high net-worth individuals or luxury consumers derived from the author's various professional and social networks and communities. Their geographical coverage would be global, but concentrated around the major cities.


Findings
The survey shows that ratings and reviews can be important source of information for luxury consumers. Online ratings and reviews are rated as helpful by 76.01% of the participants. People who chose the highly rated one (4.8/5) over the poorly rated (3.7/5) was 86.94%, while all else such as product category, star rating and price range are about the same. Feedback from the open question survey indicates that the perceived helpfulness of rating and review systems could vary. Comparing user reviews is time-consuming because of unstructured nature of contextual reviews and the relative nature of human perception on the rating scale.


Research limitations/implications
There are two aspects of ratings and reviews playing an important role for luxury consumers' buying decision. First, it is about helpfulness of collective rating score. Luxury consumers see a user-generated rating score and use the score when they make a choice even if the rating is not an absolute, but relative figure, not exactly like the star rating system in the hotel industry. Second, there is discrepancy between the status of the brand in association with its price position and perceived value as the industry does not cope with classifying their brands in any official star rating system.


Practical implications
Consumers need compact and concise information about the products they need. When there are only a few potential products left in their short wish-list, full user reviews can be helpful to get more details and general opinions about the products on the short list before making a final decision. In that regard, a primary indicator that will guide through the decision-making process of the luxury consumers would be the trustworthiness of user rating of each product in an aggregated score along with a potential use of sub-ratings, which has to be visible from the product landing page.


Originality/value
Even if there is a wide use and ubiquitous nature of product ratings and reviews in other consumer products, the author is curious about how luxury consumers use ratings and reviews for their buying decision because there are not that many researches done previously in spite of the importance of this issue. Luxury goods industry has hit €320bn in 2017 according to Bain and Co., and 25% of the trading volume will be replaced by the digital commerce by 2025.

Introduction. Collective memory research helps to uncover the deeply imbedded meaning of the past in the present, to follow the identity development process in various communities, to find narrative structures that define societal foundations. Simultaneously, such research can be complicated from the empirical point of view. The scientific novelty of the given article lies in the fact that theoretical and methodological approaches to collective memory research have not yet been summarized and systematized up to this date. The goal of this research is to provide such a review and determine the most valid research methods in Memory Studies. The relevance of the presented research is determined by the fact that the proposition of a methodological apparatus for Memory Studies is necessary for the finalization of its formation as an independent discipline.Methodology and sources. Collective memory theory served as the theoretical-methodological foundation of the conducted research, it allowed to view the past not as a set given but as an object undergoing interpretation and representation. Such academics as M. Halbwachs, M. Bloch, A. Warburg, Jan and Aleida Assmann, J. Olick, A. Erll and others developed the following theory. A range of scientists dedicated their work to the discovery of collective memory research methods, among them M. Bulanova, W. Kansteiner, A. Erll, B. Zelizer, A. Confino, T. Kapitonova, V. Belokrylova, etc. J. Olick made a considerable impact into the understanding of the given issue, having suggested to view memory as a process developing in time, which required to define the methods of analysis that would be able to take this characteristic into account. However, a complete list as well as a general system and classification of methods have not been developed in the academic literature up to the present day. Having appeared at an intersection of various humanities and social sciences, Memory Studies adopts empirical research methods from Sociology, Political science, Culture Studies, Psychology, Media Studies, Visual Studies, etc. In course of the presented research, the relevant empirical research works in the Memory Studies field by international and Russian authors have been analyzed, we considered the research carried out by Ch. Lindt, A. Vasil'ev, T. Emel'yanova, A. Timofeeva, V. Kasamara, E. Hakokongas, E. Keightley, M. Meyers, B. Zelizer, and others. That allowed us to determine the most frequently applied collective memory research methods, to compile their overview and develop the author classification of the used methods.Results and discussion. An overview of key theoretical approaches to collective memory research was provided. They include functional, phenomenological, post-structural, social-historical and information approaches. J. Olick enriched the list of five theoretical approaches suggested by M. Bulanova by introducing the process-relativist approach to studying collective memory. The main research methods applied in Memory Studies were outlined; moreover, a classification of key disciplinary traditions that academics turn to in memory research was introduced featuring sociological, psychological, information, cultural and historical traditions as well as a separate branch of Computer Sciences.Conclusion. As a result of the conducted research, a systematic overview and an author's classification of theoretical-methodological approaches to collective memory analysis were introduced. The findings of the given research can be implemented by a range of academics working on the issues of group identity building, ways of working with contested past, historical events representation in the present, the functioning of memory communities, etc. The defining of the methodological apparatus of Memory studies serves as a moving force for the effective development, generalization and bringing to a common understanding the further research of collective memory structures formation and distribution as well as concepts related to it.

The problem of the identity of the woman hiding her gender under a male pseudonym makes us recollect U. Eco's arguments about the truth and the purpose of literature as well as A. F. Losev's ideas about the name and the meaning, the theories of the feminist literary critics K. Millett, M. Ellman, T. Moi, E. Showalter, etc. who have presented "women`s writing" and "writing about women" in the feminist field. As one of the central principles of feminist criticism is that no scientific view can ever be neutral, the problem of pseudonyms occupies an important place in the contemporary gender studies, explicitly or implicitly highlighting the artificially constructed debate, which divides "serious male literature" and "superficial and secondary female writing". On the one hand, this is the problem of feminism itself, on the other, it is a question of the role and place of the woman in the world` culture and history. In this kind of the analysis we cannot ignore such an epiphenomenon of postmodernism as "label change" with the postmodern emphasis on the sociocultural role of the context, which is especially relevant in aspects of the gender "name problem". The last one, undoubtedly, is included in the problematization of postmodern culture on the whole, since all cultural narratives have always been gender "stories". Today an individual construct his or her gender-reflecting reality, still the modelling of the new gender system is far from being complete. The created sign systems are ambivalent, the meanings are very unstable and can easily be hermeneutically interpreted. However, the role of hermeneutics in analyzing the relationship between the author and the sociocultural context is in the core of the gender aspects of literature, in general, and in the problems of the pseudonym as a change of "name", in particular. The latter is by all means relevant and important. Undoubtedly, one of the main incentives for feminist scholars in their turn to women's literature is connected with the patriarchal demand for women's "silence", their "dumbness" in culture and, accordingly, in literature. Obviously, there are two main interpretations of the concept of "female literature" in feminist criticism. The first one is the representation of female subjectivity in its difference from the male one. The second approach is the representation of "non-essentialist" female subjectivity, which is understood as the logical structure of the difference. In general, in the patriarchal dichotomy of the femininity and masculinity "women who write" are always dangerous. "Three strange sisters" – Anne, Charlotte and Emily Bronte wrote their novels under disguise of male pen names, exactly specifying two conceptual motives: the "Other" concept and the image of "Veil". In this context the motive of androgyny is also important from the point of view of both analysis and literary criticism. In ХIXth century George Sand (Aurora Dupin), having most vividly represented this concept, became an example for many subsequent generations of feminists – writers, actresses and media representatives. However, in our era of gender plurality, the question of the pseudonym as a problem of "genders" is not so relevant; more likely it is still a question of the priorities in the feminist theory. In the contemporary discourse of literary criticism many of the author's socially significant features are perceived as gender neutral. In the postmodern paradigm the question of the androgynous identity of the man/woman writer requires its further actualization as the androgynous is often replaced by the bisexuality (J. Irving` "In One Person"). In general, it should be recognized that postmodern approaches to gender identity, which paint a "picture of the world" today, transform the female experience of being as the "Other", secondary and insignificant with a conceptual orientation to a fundamental variety of postmodern cognitive perspectives.

Welcome to volume 44 of the IASSIST Quarterly. Here in 2020 we start with a double issue on reproducibility (IQ 44(1-2)).
The start of 2020 was in the sign of Corona. Though we are now only in the middle of the year, we can say with confidence that 2020 will be known for the closing down of nearly all public life. From our very own world this included the move of the IASSIST 2020 conference to 2021. The closing down of societies took different forms and this will and should be long debated and investigated, because many civil rights in open society were put on instant standby by governments, with various precautionary measures. Fortunately, many countries are now in the processes of opening up. Hopefully, we are now more careful, keeping socially distant, executing better sanitation, etc. We are also eagerly expectant of science breakthroughs: the vaccine, the better treatment, the cure. But Corona science extends beyond health and biology. Social science in particular has an obligation to make us better prepared to take necessary measures and to uphold democracy.
Social science has always had the reliable issue that you cannot step into the same river twice: Survey data collected at one time will not in a subsequent data collection bring the same results, even with the same panel of respondents. Reproducibility has many more forms than exact data collection, though, and is foundational for open science and an open society. Science needs to be transparent in order to be challenged and improved. Fellow scientists as well as laymen should have the possibility of performing analyses to find whether results can be reproduced.
I am therefore very happy to send my thanks to Harrison Dekker and Amy Riegelman for taking the initiative to create this special issue of the IASSIST Quarterly on reproducibility. Harrison Dekker is a data librarian at University of Rhode Island and Amy Riegelman a librarian in social sciences at the University of Minnesota. Together, Amy and Harrison reviewed the papers submitted for their special issue and wrote the introduction in the following pages. In addition to expressing my great appreciation to them, I also want to thank all the authors who submitted papers for this issue.
Thanks! Let's keep science open again!
Submissions of papers for the IASSIST Quarterly are always very welcome. We welcome input from IASSIST conferences or other conferences and workshops, from local presentations or papers especially written for the IQ. When you are preparing such a presentation, give a thought to turning your one-time presentation into a lasting contribution. Doing that after the event also gives you the opportunity of improving your work after feedback. We encourage you to login or create an author login to https://www.iassistquarterly.com (our Open Journal System application). We permit authors 'deep links' into the IQ as well as deposition of the paper in your local repository. Chairing a conference session with the purpose of aggregating and integrating papers for a special issue IQ is also much appreciated as the information reaches many more people than the limited number of session participants and will be readily available on the IASSIST Quarterly website at https://www.iassistquarterly.com. Authors are very welcome to take a look at the instructions and layout:
https://www.iassistquarterly.com/index.php/iassist/about/submissions
Authors can also contact me directly via e-mail: kbr@sam.sdu.dk. Should you be interested in compiling a special issue for the IQ as guest editor(s) I will also be delighted to hear from you.
Karsten Boye Rasmussen - June 2020

Purpose
Despite certain political, organizational, technological and socioeconomic benefits that e-voting brings, governments around the world are beginning one by one to denounce its further use in the electoral process. In this regard, the paper aims to analyze reasons that led to the discontinuation of e-voting, resorting to the case of Kazakhstan, a transitional post-soviet country, which actively used the technology in 2004-2011, as a poster child of the global trend, elaborating on key political, socioeconomic, organizational and technological risks that could be associated with the possible return of this innovation in future elections.


Design/methodology/approach
The research is based on the combination of context and policy analysis, as well as focus groups studies and semi-structured interviews. The context analysis was aimed to understand various political and socioeconomic benefits in adopting e-voting in Kazakhstan. The policy analysis was useful in identifying implementation strategies of the government in promoting e-voting. The focus groups were helpful in understanding the perspectives of various audiences on e-voting. The semi-structured interviews were carried among independent developers in regard to the potential software products that could be used to propose new solutions in the area, including by experimenting with various blockchain platforms.


Findings
Analyzing the lessons from Kazakhstan, one can conclude that e-voting was introduced and used for several years by authorities in this country for certain economic and organizational benefits, but later they had to reject it and return to traditional paper ballot due to lack of confidence from the non-governmental sector in the capacity of public sector to ensure the integrity of e-voting procedures. As a result, building trust and applying innovative approaches should be a priority for policymakers in the area, if they wish to return to this technology, especially in adopting new presumably more reliable solutions based on blockchain technologies.


Research limitations/implications
The primary data that was collected by the author from field studies were indexed, refined and presented in a special matrix in a separate section, which were interpreted in the discussion session. These data could be used by other scholars for further interpretation and analysis in their own studies, setting new research agendas and testing hypotheses. This is a single case study research, which is focused on the analysis of reasons that led to the denunciation of e-voting in Kazakhstan, which results could be extrapolated mostly to similar transitional post-totalitarian settings.


Practical implications
The study can be used to inform ways of how to improve the current e-voting platforms, especially in ensuring better security and transparency of the systems, which could be useful for developers who work on blockchain-driven solutions.


Social implications
The results of the case study research and expert opinions expressed by various software developers in the e-government areas, which were presented in the paper, could be used by both an academic community and practitioners in understanding better a wide range of political, organizational, economic, social and technological drivers, risks and new opportunities in promoting e-voting technology as a trust generating social phenomenon.


Originality/value
The paper proposes the first case study of reasons that led to the discontinuation of e-voting in the context of such a typical transitional, post-totalitarian and post-soviet society as Kazakhstan, providing new insights into a wide range of political, regulatory, socioeconomic, organizational and technological aspects of related policy decision-making and implementation strategies adopted by public institutions in this country.

RESUMO O objetivo do presente artigo consiste em refletir sobre a perspectiva interseccional da autora Lélia Gonzalez, especificamente, em suas análises sobre os discursos acerca da mulher negra na construção e manutenção do mito da democracia racial no Brasil. A sua abordagem relacionando raça, classe e gênero- posteriormente é cunhado o termo interseccionalidades para caracterizar tal articulação- traz reflexões sobre a sociedade brasileira e o mito que a estrutura simbolicamente: o da democracia racial a partir da figura da mulher negra. Para sua análise Gonzalez articula, interdisciplinarmente, o marxismo e a psicanálise passando pelas ciências sociais e história, chegando na sua tese sobre o racismo enquanto uma neurose cultural brasileira. Dessa forma, ao retomar o pensamento de Gonzalez percebemos a sua urgência e atualidade para os estudos feministas, bem como, o reconhecimento enquanto uma intérprete do Brasil. Interseccionalidade. Lélia Gonzalez. Mito da democracia racial. Mulher negra. Lélia Gonzalez and intersectional thinking: a reflection on the myth of racial democracy in BrazilABSTRACT The aim of this article is to reflect on the intersectional perspective of the author Lélia Gonzalez, specifically in her analysis of the discourses about black women in the construction and maintenance of the myth of racial democracy in Brazil. Its approach relating race, class and gender - later the term intersectionality is coined to characterize such articulation - brings reflections on Brazilian society and the myth that symbolically structures it: that of racial democracy based on the figure of the black woman. For his analysis, Gonzalez articulates interdisciplinary Marxism and psychoanalysis through the social sciences and history, arriving at his thesis on racism as a Brazilian cultural neurosis. Thus, when resuming Gonzalez's thinking, we perceive his urgency and timeliness for feminist studies, as well as recognition as an interpreter of Brazil.Intersectionality. Lélia Gonzalez. Myth of racial democracy. Black woman. Lélia González e pensiero intersezionale: una riflessione sul mito della democrazia razziale in BrasileRESUMENL'obiettivo di questo articolo è di riflettere sulla prospettiva intersezionale dell'autore Lélia González, in particolare, nella sua analisi dei discorsi sulle donne di colore nella costruzione e nel mantenimento del mito della democrazia razziale in Brasile. Il suo approccio mette in relazione razza, classe e genere - il termine intersezionalità è stato creato per caratterizzare tale articolazione - porta riflessioni sulla società brasiliana e sul mito che la struttura simbolicamente: quella della democrazia razziale basata sulla figura della donna nera. Per la sua analisi, González articola, interdisciplinare, il marxismo e la psicoanalisi attraverso le scienze sociali e la storia, arrivando alla sua tesi sul razzismo come nevrosi culturale brasiliana. Pertanto, riprendendo il pensiero di González, percepiamo la sua urgenza e attualità per gli studi femministi, nonché il riconoscimento come interprete dal Brasile.Intersezionalità. Lélia González. Mito della democrazia razziale. Donna nera. Lélia González e pensiero intersezionale: una riflessione sul mito della democrazia razziale in BrasileSINTESEL'obiettivo di questo articolo è di riflettere sulla prospettiva intersezionale dell'autore Lélia González, in particolare, nella sua analisi dei discorsi sulle donne di colore nella costruzione e nel mantenimento del mito della democrazia razziale in Brasile. Il suo approccio mette in relazione razza, classe e genere - il termine intersezionalità è stato creato per caratterizzare tale articolazione - porta riflessioni sulla società brasiliana e sul mito che la struttura simbolicamente: quella della democrazia razziale basata sulla figura della donna nera. Per la sua analisi, González articola, interdisciplinare, il marxismo e la psicoanalisi attraverso le scienze sociali e la storia, arrivando alla sua tesi sul razzismo come nevrosi culturale brasiliana. Pertanto, riprendendo il pensiero di González, percepiamo la sua urgenza e attualità per gli studi femministi, nonché il riconoscimento come interprete dal Brasile.Intersezionalità. Lélia González. Mito della democrazia razziale. Donna nera.

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential of implementing a toxicity tax for heavily polluting vehicles in United Arab Emirates. A fast-changing world needs responsive policies to cope with the crisis human beings are currently facing on earth. Implementing a new policy represents a design for a change. Policies come in the form of regulations that have been officially agreed and chosen by either a political party, business or any other type of organization. This paper adopts the policy development cycle in the Australian policy handbook as a practical framework. A focus group comprising 35 participants and two decision makers thoroughly discussed each stage of the "policy development cycle". A qualitative analysis of the data showed that there is potential for implementing a new tax to be imposed on highly polluting vehicles in United Arab Emirates (UAE) the most appropriate policy instrument in UAE is a policy enacted through restricted law; it might take more than 3 years to work; the expected tax would range between $280 and $1,100 per year; and there is concern that this new tax would slow Dubai's preparation for EXPO 2020. These findings will help countries implement this new tax. Following the stages of the policy development cycle and their procedures will, therefore, inspire decision makers to formulate new environmental policies not only in UAE but around the world.


Design/methodology/approach
This research adopts the use of "focus groups" as its primary approach to data collection. A focus group is a common qualitative research technique and involves a small number of participants. The main reason for using qualitative research is because participants are asked for open-ended responses that convey their thoughts or feelings. The author of this paper served as the moderator who posed a series of questions intended to gain insight into the group's views on the implementation of a toxicity tax for heavy polluting vehicles in the UAE. Time and attention were given to what it is that you expect to get out of focus-group research. The group was invited for one full day to a big hall and was seated around one table. The group was sometimes divided to obtain more focused views. Overall, four primary groups participated in this study. A fifth group, consisting of three senior members of a governmental agency who acted as decision makers, took part in one-to-one interviews at their place of work. Table I provides details on the backgrounds of the participant.


Findings
Research highlights the policy development cycle to investigate a new transport policy in UAE. A focus group comprising 35 participants and two interviews with two decision makers. There is potential for a tax to be imposed on highly polluting vehicles in UAE. The expected tax would range between $280 and $1,100 per year. The best policy instrument in the region is policy by law. The truck industry will be affected, and there will be a public refusal.


Research limitations/implications
A new policy of implementing tax for high polluting vehicles was, therefore, discussed in this paper. Participants thought the tax would work, but an in-depth feasibility study on both microeconomic and macroeconomic aspects will be required; providing governmental incentives will help support the shift to less-polluting vehicles.


Practical implications
The policy development cycle was utilized as a practical framework for this research.


Social implications
People were engaged into this study to make the policy viable. People will react positively to this policy.


Originality/value
Due to the lack of such research in this area, this paper will fill a gap in the knowledge. Moreover, the policy will be real implementation based on this publication. The findings will not only help UAE but also many countries that share same environmental and social contexts.

Contents: Preface: A collective book project - the last chance? Voluntary actors in an ecological and economic transition -- Part I: Introduction -- Section 1. Scientific backgrounds -- 1. Science, society and a sustainable future / Johan Rockström and Nicholas Stern -- 2. Conservation psychology and climate change / Susan Clayton -- 3. Capitalism and the curse of external effects / Claude Henry -- Section 2. Setting the scene -- 4. Costa Rica as pioneer of a green social contract / Monica Araya -- 5. The carbon tax in Sweden / Thomas Sterner -- 6. Lessons from the Obama White House: how climate policy really gets done / Alice C. Hill -- 7. Climate policy in China: an overview / Ye Qi, Xiaofan Zhao and Nicholas Stern -- 8. The Paris Agreement on climate change: What legacy? / Laurence Tubiana and Emmanuel Guerin -- Part II: Defenders -- 9. Introduction to Part II / Jonathan Watts -- 10. To protect the Amazon, defend the people of the forest / Maria do Socorro Costa Silva -- 11. Of chainsaws and grace: Direct action by eco-vigilantes in the Philippines / Bobby Chan -- 12. Social justice goes hand in hand with environmental campaigns - and not just in Africa / Phyllis Omido -- 13. Living our values: Using art and technology to campaign for nature in Turkey / Birhan Erkutlu and Tuba Günal -- Part III: Litigants -- 14. Introduction to Part III / Marie Toussaint and Claude Henry -- 15. The Urgenda case in the Netherlands: creating a revolution through the courts / Marjan Minnesma -- 16. Juliana v. United States and the global youth-led legal campaign for a safe climate / Patti Moore, Danny Noonan and Erik Woodward -- 17. How policymakers imperil coming generations' future and what to do about it / Ridhima Pandey -- 18. Protecting the rights of future generations through climate litigation: lessons from the struggle against deforestation in the Colombian Amazon / Camila Bustos, Valentina Rozo-Ángel and Gabriela Eslava-Bejarano -- 19. People's climate case - families and youth take the EU to court over its failure to address the climate crisis / E. Deville, L. Dubois Gökahin -- 20. Climate change claim on behalf of New Zealand's indigenous Maori peoples / Michael Sharp, Nicole Smith and Tania Te Whenua -- 21 France: L'affaire du siècle : the story of a mass mobilization for climate / Marie Toussaint -- Part IV: Coming generations on the front line -- 22. Introduction to Part IV / Claude Henry -- 23. Fridays for Future - FFF Europe and beyond / Anuna De Wever, Luisa Neubauer and Katrien van der Heyden -- 24. The Fridays for Future movement in Uganda and Nigeria / Hilda Flavia Nakabuye, Sadrach Nirere and Adenike Titilope Oladosu -- 25. The origins of school strike 4 climate NZ / Sophie Handford and Raven Maeder -- 26. 350.org 231 / William "Bill" McKibben -- 27. How to become an engineer in the ecological crisis? / Antoine Bizien, Elsa Deville and Lucas Dubois -- 28. Ecological aspirations of youth: How higher education could fall between two stools / Alessia Lefébure -- Part V: Entrepreneurs -- 29. Introduction to Part V / Nicholas Stern and Charlotte Taylor -- 30. Catching mighty north sea winds / Claude Henry -- 31. Providing electricity from rice husk in rural India / Claude Henry -- 32. Heat pumps for decarbonizing buildings / Dominique Bureau -- 33. The rise of supercapacitors: Making electric vehicles as convenient as ordinary ones / Claude Henry -- 34. From scooter to boat: innovations in electric transport in cities of Southeast Asia / Pippo Ranci -- 35. The third attempt at the electric car might be the successful one / Geoffrey Heal -- 36. Solar cookstoves for adaptation to degrading natural conditions / Claude Henry -- 37. Carbon capture from ambient air: a brake on climate change? / Claude Henry -- 38. Ecological engineering in coastal protection / Claude Henry -- 39. Better to corrupt plastics than the environment / Pippo Ranci -- 40. Drip irrigation: Daniel Hillel's legacy / Claude Henry -- 41. Making the case for agroecological innovation: the need for technical but also political entrepreneurs / Sébastien Treyer -- 42. Radical transformation in global supply chains: can new business models be based on biodiversity in the agrifood industry? / Sébastien Treyer -- 43. Ethan Brown - the protein revolutionary / Geoffrey Heal -- 44. How to make a sustainable living in a tropical forest: the case of Suruí Indians in the Amazon Rainforest - success under threat / Claude Henry -- 45. Migrants to repopulate depopulated villages - Riace in Calabria, Italy and its mayor Mimmo Lucano / Pippo Ranci -- 46. How Loos-en-gohelle, a derelict mining town in the north of France, has become a standard in sustainable development / Michel Berry -- Part VI: Investors -- 47. Introduction to Part VI / Nicholas Stern and Charlotte Taylor -- 48. Unleashing the power of financial markets for the green transition / Jeremy Oppenheim and Catharina Dyvik -- 49. The case for fossil fuel divestment / Stephen B. Heintz -- 50. How can finance be used to combat climate change? / Alain Grandjean -- 51. China's pioneering green finance / Ma Jun -- Part VII: Communicators -- 52. Introduction to Part VII / Johan Rockström -- 53. Communicating climate change science to diverse audiences / Asmeret Asefaw Berhe -- 54. Global marine fisheries: avoiding further collapses / Philippe Cury and Daniel Pauly -- 55. Why are we so much more afraid of Covid-19 than of climate change? Early lessons from a health crisis for the communication of climate change / François Gemenne and Anneliese Depoux -- 56. Communicating the climate emergency: Imagination, emotion, action / Genevieve Guenther -- 57. Climate change: From research to communication / Jean Jouzel -- 58. Communicating biodiversity loss and its link to economics / Georgina M. Mace -- 59. Helping trusted messengers find their voice on climate change / Edward Maibach -- 60. From climate scientist to climate communicator: a process of evolution / Michael E. Mann -- 61. Communicating science beyond the ivory tower / David R. Montgomery -- Index.

Chapter 1 Introduction: Globalization and the Millennial Ascent of Individual Rights; Ino Rossi -- PART I. GLOBALIZATION AS A FIELD OF STUDY: CONCEPTUALIZING AND EXPLORING GLOBALIZATION: Introduction: Chapter 2. The Global Turn; Roland Robertson -- Chapter 3. Global Systemic Anthropology and the Analysis of Globalization; Jonathan Friedman -- Chapter4. Media, Sociocultural Change, and Meta-Culture; York Kautt -- Chapter 5. Globalization and the Challenge of the Anthropocene; Leslie Sklair -- Chapter 6. Conceptual Structures for a Theory of World Society; Rudolf Stichweh -- Chapter 7. Principles of Geo-Political Dynamics; Jonathan H. Turner -- Chapter 8. Transdisciplinarity in Globalization Research: The Global Studies Framework; Manfred B. Steger. PART: GLOBALIZATION PROCESSES: CULTURAL, POLITICAL, ECONOMIC AND ECOLOGICAL: ON CULTURAL GLOBALIZATION : Chapter 9 Goals, Values, and Endemic Conflicts in the New Global Culture; Martin Albrow -- Chapter 10. The Affectual Landscape of Globalization: New Migration, Generalized Discontent, and Ressentiment; Jörg Dürrschmidt -- Chapter 11. Globalization, Cosmopolitanization, and a New Research Agenda; Joy Zhang.-. PART ON POLITICAL GLOBALIZATION : Chapter 12. Global Transformations in Polity, Policy, and Politics: World Polity, Europe, and the Nation-State; Didem Buhari Gulmez -- Chapter 13. The Politics of the Adjective Global: May's Global Britain and the 'New World'; Sabine Selchow -- Chapter 14. (Postmodern) Populism as a Trope for Contested Glocality; Barrie Axford -- Chapter 15. Globalization and the Rise of the Economic State: PRC and USA in Comparison; Guoguang Wu PART: ON ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION: Chapter 16. Trade Globalization and Its Consequences; Michael C. Dreiling -- Chapter 17. The Political Economy of the United States and the Structure of the Millennial World-System; Salvatore Babones -- Chapter 18. Global Inequality and Capitalist World-Economy, 1500—Present: A Critique of Neo-Modernization Theories; Sahan S. Karatasli -- Chapter 19. Mind the Gaps! Clustered Obstacles to Mobility in the Core/Periphery Hierarchy; Marilyn Grell-Brisk and Christopher Chase-Dunn -- Chapter 20. Global Inequality and Global Poverty; Robert Holton. PART: ON ECOLOGICAL GLOBALIZATION: Chapter 21. Reconfiguring Ecology in the Twenty-First–Century. Social Movements as Producers of the Global Age; Geoffrey Pleyers -- Chapter 22. Globalization, Marginalization, and the External Arena; Robert Schaeffer -- Chapter 23. Global Indigenism and the Web of Transnational Social Movements; Christopher Chase-Dunn, James Fenelon, Thomas D. Hall, Ian Breckenridge-Jackson, and Joel Herrera -- PART: GLOBALIZATION IN THE GLOBAL SOUTH: VIEWS FROM THE ASIA-PACIFIC: Globalization and Political Economy Chapter 24. Globalization in Asia or Asian Globalization?; Habibul Haque Khondker -- Chapter 25. China's Global Rise: From Socialist Self-reliance to the Embracement of Economic Globalization; Yin-wah Chu -- Chapter 26. The Newness of the Chinese Developmental State Under Xi's Administration; Falin Zhang -- Chapter 27. India's Transition: A New Complex of Capitalism and Hindu Nationalism; Anjan Chakrabarti, Anup Dhar, and Sayonee Majumdar -- Chapter 28. Socially Sustainable Globalization? The Domestic Politics of Globalization in Australia; Tom Conley. Part: Impact of Globalization on Culture -- Chapter 29. Neoliberalism Without Guarantees: The Glocality of Labor,Education, and Sport in Japan from the 1980s to the 2000s; Koji Kobayashi and Steven J. Jackson -- Chapter 30. "The Impact of Globalization on Chinese Culture and "Glocalized Practices" in China"; Ning Wang -- Chapter 31. Border-Crossing and Interfacing in Asia: Approaches, Patterns, and Consequences; Ming-Chang Tsai -- Chapter 32. Transformations in Kinship Relations in a Globalized India: Interrogating Marriage, Law, and Intimacy; Rukmini Sen Part: Globalization, Law and Democracy -- Chapter 33. The Ascent of Asian Strongmen: Emerging Market Populism and the Revolt Against Liberal Globalization; Richard Javad Heydarian -- Chapter 34. Globalization and Indian Political Modernity; Leïla Choukroune -- Chapter 35. Whose Democracy? Governing Indonesia in a Globalized World; Lena Tan PART: VIEWS FROM SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA: Globalization and Political Culture -- Chapter 36. Globalization, Democracy, and Good Governance in Africa; Ngozi Nwogwugwu -- Chapter 37. Political Globalization in an African Perspective: Continuity and Change; Goran Hyden Globalization, Poverty and Economic Development -- Chapter 38. Human Capital Contribution to the Economic Growth of Sub-Saharan Africa: Does Health Status Matter? Evidence from Dynamic Panel Data; Abel Kinyondo and Mwoya Byaro -- Chapter 39. Globalization, Poverty, and Development in Africa: Looking Past to the Future; Samuel Ojo Oloruntoba, Ebenezer Babajide Ishola,and Israel Kehinde Ekanade -- Chapter 40. Africa's Industrialization and Prosperity: Time for Structural Change; David Sseppuuya PART: VIEWS FROM LATIN AMERICA: Globalization and Political Economy -- Chapter 41. Latin America: Between the Promises of Globalization and the Chimera of Nationalism; Ronaldo Munck -- Chapter 42. Globalization and the Transformation of Latin America's Political Economy; William I. Robinson -- Chapter 43. The Caribbean and Global Capitalism: Five Strategic Traits; Jeb Sprague -- Part Impact of Globalization on Culture: Chapter 44. Through Thick and Thin: Globalization and Contested Conceptualizations of the Rule of Law in Latin America; Craig L. Arceneaux -- Chapter 45. Indigenous People in Pluricultural Nations of Latin America; June Nash PART: DESIGNS FOR A FUTURE WORLD ORDER: Introduction: TOWARD A DEMOCRATIC GLOBALIZATION Chapter 46. Re-embracing the Masses Economically by Financialization; Jürgen Schraten -- Chapter 47. A Manifesto for Good Globalization: Or, the Manifesto as Method; Paul James -- Chapter 48. Forging a Diagonal Instrument for the Global Left: The Vessel; Rebecca Álvarez and Christopher Chase-Dunn -- Chapter 49. Alternatives to Neoliberal Globalization; Vishwas Satgar PART: ALTERNATIVE CIVILIZATIONAL DESIGNS: Chapter 50. Global Mobilization in the Name of Islam: the Global Imaginary of Political Islam; Amentahru Wahlrab and Rebecca A. Otis -- Chapter 51. Tian Xia: A Confucian Model of State Identity and Global Governance; Tongdong Bai -- Chapter 52. Russian Civilization and Global Culture: Alternative or Coexistence?; Ilya Ilyin and Olga Leonova -- Chapter 53. (Re)Constructing Neo-Confucianism in a "Glocalized" Context; Ning Wang PART: TOWARD AN INTER-CIVILIZATIONAL AND COSMIC WORLD ORDER: Chapter 54. From Cultural Pluralism and Civilizational Disintegration to a Global Cultural-cum-civilizational System; Alexander N. Chumakov -- Chapter 55. From World Politics to a World Political System; Olga Leonova and Ilya Ilyin -- Chapter 56. The Final Frontier of Global Society and the Evolution of Space Governance; Eytan Tepper -- PART. CONCLUSION: Chapter 57. Toward a New Globalization Paradigm and a UDHR-Based Inter-civilizational World Order - Ino Rossi.

This article aims to clarify two traditions of understanding time, namely the rationalistic, which includes the scientific (in the West, going back to the 'Physics' of Aristotle) and philosophical (going back in the West to Augustine), and mystical (the most methodically sustained is the Yogic tradition of Classical India and Sufism). The article contains several sections: Introduction raises the problem of time and sets the subject boundaries. The main part is comprised of the following sections: 1. Time as found in objects: a brief summary of the rational scientific and quasi scientific trend of time interpretation from Aristotle's Physics to Reichenbach's "Philosophy of Time and Space". The physical one-sidedness of the consideration of time is completely immersed in the object domain. 2. Time as associated with the ontological subject: essential points of purely philosophical understanding of time beginning with St. Augustine via Kant up to Heidegger. This philosophical approach is no less one-sided, and comprehends time almost exclusively as a subjective phenomenon (memory, contemplation, desire, one's own nature etc.) Both trends lack any discrimination between the initial indication of the phenomenon of time (the answer to the question 'what is time as a phenomenon?') and the interpretation of the meaning of this phenomenon (the answer to the question 'how to understand the phenomenon of time?'). 3. Interpretations of the time phenomenon are implicitly based on the everyday mode of awareness. The problem of time is one of the most difficult problems to comprehend. The main thesis of the article is that the pra-phenomenon of time is revealed to consciousness from the necessarily occurring switching and comparison between two processes: orientation in the external world and attention to cogitation, i.e., between the external and internal. This duality coincides with the duality that is realized in the elementary unit of rational thought - judgment, the subject of which is recognized as belonging to the external world, and the predicate – to the internal. Separately, it is planned to consider the understanding of time in the mystical tradition. We will focus on two ways of understanding time - the rationalistic (philosophical), represented by the teachings of Kant, and the mystical, represented by the Sufis and Yogis (with an indication of the fundamental difference between them). Note that these two methods are not opposed by us, although in a sense they exclude each other. 4. Lapse of time and the notion of a mode of awareness. The ordinary mode of awareness called vikṣipta 'dispersed' in Yoga philosophy is characterized by a fundamental dualism of inner and outer worlds' events. Both are processes and the non predicative comparison of their pace constitutes the ordinary experience of the lapse of time. This mode is the most habitual one and the very mode within which it is possible to speak and compose texts, however it is not unique. There exist other possibilities. 5. One-pointed awareness mode and the atemporal process. Voluntarily achieved one-pointedness has no distinction between the outer and inner world and is therefore 'out of' or 'above' time. It is well known in mystical literature (exemplified by the text by eminent Sufi author, Niffari). In European rational philosophy this position was explained by Hegel, but not in his 'Philosophy of Nature", usually associated with the concept of time, it was in the 'Science of Logic' (in the timeless unfolding of absolute knowledge). The Conclusion presents a summary. The crucial point which enables a thinker to overcome the traditional scientific and philosophical one-sidedness of the conceptualization of time is the notion of a mode of awareness and comprehension of the fundamental duality of outer world processes and cogitations' succession. A non-ordinary awareness mode is methodologically elaborated in Yoga philosophy, witnessed in mystical Sufi texts, and finally, grasped in Hegel's concept of a speculative proposition.

<div class="trans-abstract"><p>A partir dos textos reunidos no livro <em>Situating the self: gender, community and postmodernism in contemporary ethics</em> (1992), sabe-se que Seyla Benhabib responde aos excessos racionalistas de Habermas e aos limites da tradição universalista moderna com uma releitura da concepção arendtiana de "pensamento alargado". Neste artigo, eu me proponho a mostrar que a presença de Arendt no pensamento de Benhabib é ainda mais radical do que parece à primeira vista, pois a autora de <em>A condição humana</em> está na raiz do seu projeto teórico orientando o enfrentamento filosófico que Benhabib faz com a tradição, na sua primeira grande obra, <em>Critique, norm, and utopia: a study of the foundations of Crítical theory</em> (1986). A minha hipótese interpretativa é a de que a tese central deste livro, segundo a qual a teoria crítica é assombrada pela filosofia do sujeito, carrega as marcas da crítica arendtiana à filosofia política ocidental.</p><p><strong>Palavras-Chave: </strong>Hannah Arendt; Seyla Benhabib; Filosofia do Sujeito; Filosofia Política; Pluralidade</p></div><div class="trans-abstract"><p class="sec"><span>SEYLA BENHABIB WITH HANNAH ARENDT AGAINST THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE SUBJECT</span></p><p class="sec">ABSTRACT</p><p>From <em>Situating the self: gender, community and postmodernism in contemporary ethics</em> (1992), we know that SeylaBenhabib answers Habermas' excesses and the limits of the modern universalist tradition with a reinterpretation of the Arendtian conception of "enlarged thought". In this article, I propose to show that Arendt's presence in Benhabib's thought is even more radical than it seems at first, because the author of The human condition is at the root of Benhabib's theoretical project, guiding her in her philosophical confrontation with tradition at her first major work,<em>Critique, norm, and utopia: a study of the foundations of Crítical theory</em>(1986). My interpretive hypothesis is that the central thesis of this book, according to which Crítical theory is haunted by the philosophy of the subject, bears the marks of Arendt's criticism to Western political philosophy.</p><p><strong>Key words: </strong>Hannah Arendt; Seyla Benhabib; Philosophy of the Subject; Political Philosophy; Plurality</p></div><div class="trans-abstract"><p class="sec"><span>SEYLA BENHABIB AVEC ARENDT CONTRE LA PHILOSOPHIE DU SUJET</span></p><p class="sec">ABSTRACT</p><p>A partir des textes rassemblés dans le livre Situating the self: gender, community and postmodernism in contemporary ethics (1992), on sait que Seyla Benhabib répond aux excès rationalistes d'Habermas et aux limites de la tradition universaliste moderne par une réinterprétation de la conception arendtienne du «mentalité élargie». Dans cet article, je propose de montrer que la présence d'Arendt dans la pensée de Benhabib est encore plus radicale qu'il n'y paraît au premier abord, car Arendt est à l'origine de son projet théorique guidant la confrontation philosophique que Benhabib fait avec tradition, dans son premier grand ouvrage, Critique, norm, and utopia: a study of the foundations of crítical theory (1986). Mon hypothèse interprétative est que la thèse centrale de ce livre, selon laquelle la théorie critique est hantée par la philosophie du sujet, porte les marques de la critique arendtienne de la philosophie politique occidentale.</p><p><strong>Key words: </strong>Hannah Arendt; Seyla Benhabib; Philosophie du sujet; Philosophie politique; Pluralité</p></div>