Autor na temelju literature, stranačkoga tiska i arhivskih izvora, analizira ustroj i ulogu posebnih, manje ili više organiziranih dijelova Čiste stranke prava (Starčevićeve hrvatske stranke prava / Stranke prava), zaduženih za organiziranje demonstracija i obračun s političkim protivnicima. Pritom polazi od tvrdnje hrvatske historiografije da je "borbenost" bila trajna odlika ove stranke, od njezinih početaka pa sve do konca Austro-Ugarske Monarhije, te smatra da se najranije od 1902. godine može pratiti neki oblik postojanja navedenih, manje ili više organiziranih dijelova stranke, zaduženih za mobilizaciju "ulice". Budući da je društvenu strukturu tih dijelova uglavnom činilo frankovačko radništvo i frankovačka mladež, autor svoju temu dovodi u odnos prema tadašnjim studentskim organizacijama i radničkom pokretu. Osim toga, autor svoju temu promatra i u odnosu prema vanjskoj politici Monarhije, te političkom stanju u banskoj Hrvatskoj. ; Based on literature, party print and archive sources, in this paper the author analyses the structure and role of individual, more or less organized segments of the Pure Party of Right (Starčević's Croatian Party of Right / Party of Right) charged with the organisation of demonstrations and conflict with political opponents. The starting point is the claim of Croatian historiography that flrebelliousness« was a permanent characteristic of this party from its beginning to the end of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy. The author claims that some trace of such segments of the party, whose duty it was to mobilize flthe street«, can only be traced back to as far as 1902. As the social structure of these segments was mostly made up by Frankovci working-class members and youth, the author brings the topic into comparison with today's student organizations and workers' movements. The author also studies the topic in relation to the Monarchy's foreign policy and the political state of Central Croatia.
Turizam je moguće, od svih definicija, označiti kao fenomen čija je osnova kretanje i putovanje. Turizam je najprilagodljiviji od svih turističkih grana te je izložen mnogim uplivima, poput političkih, socijalnih i osobnih. Kao odgovor na brzi ritam suvremenog života intenzivno raste potražnja za nedirnutim ekološko čistim područjima, a osobna sigurnost postaje jedan od glavnih kriterija odluke, uz sve veći trend brige za vlastito zdravlje. Kamping turizam je postao globalni fenomen, ako se uzme u obzir izazovan način života u trenucima svjetske pandemije COVID-19, te savršen odgovor na sve veću potrebu za boravkom u prirodi i sigurnim načinom odmora. Isto tako, kamping turizam je u ogromnom porastu u svijetu, a Republika Hrvatska je značajna destinacija kamping turizma u Europi. Republika Hrvatska ima veliki potencijal za razvoj kamping turizma, s obzirom na to da kampovi sudjeluju s 23 posto smještajnih kapaciteta i 22 posto noćenja u ukupnom hrvatskom turizmu. U ovome se radu analizira i prikazuje postojeće stanje kamping turizma Republike Hrvatske, kako bi se mogle istaknuti daljnje mogućnosti razvoja ove vrste turizma. ; Of all definitions, tourism can be defined as a phenomenon based on movement and travel. Tourism is the most adaptable of all branches of tourism, and it is exposed to numerous influences, such as political, social, and personal. In response to the fast pace of modern life, the demand for untouched ecological areas has been intensively increasing, and personal safety has become one of the main criteria for decision-making along with increasing trend of taking care of one's health. Camping tourism has become a global phenomenon, given the challenging way of life in the times of global COVID-19 pandemic, and the perfect response to the growing need to stay in nature and have a safe vacation. Camping tourism is on the rise world-wide and the Republic of Croatia is an important camping tourism destination in Europe. The Republic of Croatia has great potential for the development of camping tourism since camps participate with 23% of accommodation capacities and 22% of overnight stays in total Croatian tourism. This paper analyses and presents the current state of camping tourism in the Republic of Croatia in order to highlight further possibilities for the development of this type of tourism.
Predmet ovog rada jest pravo na branitelja, i to pravo na branitelja na teret države (formalna obrana siromašnih okrivljenika) kao njegov element te kako proizlazi iz Direktive (EU) 2016/1919 Europskog parlamenta i Vijeća od 26. listopada 2016. o pravnoj pomoći za osumnjičenike i okrivljenike u kaznenom postupku i za tražene osobe u postupku na temelju europskog uhidbenog naloga i Direktive 2013/48/EU Europskog parlamenta i Vijeća od 22. listopada 2013. o pravu na pristup odvjetniku u kaznenom postupku i u postupku na temelju europskog uhidbenog naloga te o pravu na obavješćivanje treće strane u slučaju oduzimanja slobode i na komunikaciju s trećim osobama i konzularnim tijelima tijekom trajanja oduzimanja slobode. Kroz analizu mjerodavne prakse Europskog suda za ljudska prava cilj je pokazati u kojoj mjeri praksa pristupa branitelju i hrvatsko odvjetništvo odgovaraju zahtjevima direktiva. Spomenuta praktična implementacija direktiva o pravu na pristup branitelju i pravnoj pomoći u hrvatskom odvjetništvu predstavlja posebni dio rada. U tom se dijelu rada analiziraju obveze koje iz direktiva proizlaze za odvjetništvo, a poseban se naglasak stavlja na cjeloživotno obrazovanje odvjetnika, njihovu organizaciju putem braniteljskih lista unutar odvjetničkih zborova, kao i na učinkovit sustav disciplinske odgovornosti odvjetnika. ; The subject of this paper is the right to a lawyer, specifically, a lawyer financed by the state (formal defence of persons lacking sufficient means), as regulated by Directive (EU) 2016/1919 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 October 2016 on legal aid for suspects and accused persons in criminal proceedings and for requested persons in European arrest warrant proceedings, and by Directive 2013/48/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 October 2013 on the right of access to a lawyer in criminal proceedings and in European arrest warrant proceedings, and on the right to have a third party informed upon deprivation of liberty and to communicate with third persons and with consular authorities while deprived of liberty. By analysing the relevant jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights, we aim to demonstrate the degree of compliance of the Croatian lawyers` approach with the Directives. The practical implementation of the mentioned Directives is a specific part of this work. In this respect, we analyse the obligations for lawyers stemming from the directives, with an emphasis on the education of lawyers, their organisation via specific lists, as well as an effective system of disciplinary responsibility.
Autor razmatra okolnosti u kojima je planiran, pokrenut i izveden pohod kojim je Karlo Robert prebačen s juga Italije na istočnu obalu Jadrana, kako bi odatle krenuo u ostvarivanje svoga nasljednog prava na krunu sv. Stjepana i prijestol Ugarsko-Hrvatskog Kraljevstva. Nasuprot uvriježenim stajalištima dosadašnje historiografije, autor zastupa tezu da je pohod organiziran ne s ciljem da Karlo doista ostvari to svoje pravo, već s nakanom da ga se ukloni iz Napulja, gdje je zbog prava nasljeđa tamošnje krune predstavljao potencijalni izvor političkih prijepora i sukoba. Argumente za takvo stajalište autor nalazi u raščlambi svih okolnosti pohoda, kao i u pogledima suvremenika na njega koji su dostupni u sačuvanome materijalu vrela. K tomu autor razmatra razloge koji su u prvim godinama 14. stoljeća stvorili posve novu političku situaciju u kojoj je Karlo Robert iznenada došao u situaciju da može stvarno realizirati svoje potencijalno nasljedno pravo na kraljevski položaj. ; The author is analyzing the circumstances surrounding the planning, launching and carrying out the expedition intended to transfer Charles Robert from Southern Italy to Eastern Adriatic so that he could realize his inherited right to Crown of St. Stephen and the throne of the Kingdom of Hungary-Croatia. Contrary to the conventional wisdom in historiography, the author advocates a thesis that the expedition was organized not to enable Charles to realize his claim, but to remove him from Naples where he, being the heir to the local throne, was a potential source of political disputes and conflicts. Analyzing the details of the expedition and the contemporaries' views on it (as found in the preserved sources), the author finds arguments for such a viewpoint. He also analyzes the developments that, in the early 14th century, generated a whole new political situation that in turn created an opportunity for Charles Robert to actually realize his potential claim to the throne.
Autor u članku daje pregled programa hrvatskoga književnog predromantizma i romantizma i s njima preklapajućega narodnog preporoda i ilirizma te pokazuje kako su se u programskim tekstovima, u okolnostima mađarsko-hrvatskih napetosti i neoapsolutizma, izmjenjivale tendencije nacionalnoga romantizma i romantičnoga nacionalizma, kako ih je u europskim okvirima definirao Joep Leerssen. ; In this article the author gives an overview of the programmes of Croatian literary pre-Romanticism and Romanticism and the National Revival and Illyrian Movement that overlap with them. He also shows how the tendencies of national Romanticism and Romantic nationalism, as defined by Joep Leerssen in European terms, interchanged in the programmatic texts in circumstances defined by Hungarian-Croatian tensions and neo-absolutism.
U radu se razmatra uloga vrednota u političkom određenju stranaka i birača u Hrvatskoj na primjeru izbora za Europski parlament 2019. godine. Daje se pregled političkog određenja, ciljeva i vrednota klubova stranaka u Europskom parlamentu i stranaka u Hrvatskoj koje su osvojile više od 1% glasova u izborima za Europski parlament 2019. godine. Potom se uspoređuju rezultati hrvatskih istraživanja vrednota s rezultatima izbora za Europski parlament po regijama u Hrvatskoj. Dolazi se do spoznaje da se klubovi stranaka u Europskom parlamentu i stranke u Hrvatskoj na sličan način politički određuju po vrednotama koje deklariraju. Uočene su i podudarnosti koje ukazuju na vjerojatnost da se odluka birača na izborima državne razine temelji na istovjetnosti vrednota do kojih birači drže i vrednota koje stranke i kandidati zastupaju. ; The article discusses the role of values in political determination of parties and voters in Croatia on the example of elections for the European Parliament 2019. The article offers an overview of political determination, goals, and values of clubs of parties in the European Parliament and parties in Croatia that have managed to win more than 1% of votes at the election for the European Parliament 2019. After that, the author compares results of Croatian value study with results of the election for the European Parliament according to regions in Croatia. The author concludes that clubs of parties in the European Parliament and parties in Croatia are similarly politically determined according to values that they declare to hold. There are also other similarities that point towards the probability that decisions of voters at state elections are based on similarity of values between those who vote and those declared by parties and candidates.
U ovom radu autor na temelju dostupne literature, arhivske građe i onodobnog tiska analizira političku scenu u Virovitici i virovitičkom kotaru uoči Prvoga svjetskog rata, s posebnim naglaskom na analizi društvene i organizacijske strukture, te ideoloških specifičnosti virovitičkih pristaša Čiste stranke prava (Starčevićeve hrvatske stranke prava/Stranke prava), jedne od pravaških stranaka, koja je u ovom razdoblju bila među najutjecajnijim političkim strankama na tom području. Koristeći u ovom radu između ostaloga i prozopografsku metodu, prema kojoj se zaključci o nekoj skupini izvode iz životopisa njezinih članova, autor je zaključio, da je Čista stranka prava u Virovitici prve korake napravila uz pomoć virovitičkih mađarona, no da je znatniji broj pristaša dobila postupnim osipanjem pristaša Hrvatske stranke prava. ; In this paper by means of using available literature, archive sources and printed materials of that time, the author analyses political scene in Virovitica and district of Virovitica on the eve of the First World War, with special emphasis on analysis of social and organisational structure and ideological specificities of the inhabitants of Virovitica who were supporters of the Pure Party of Rights (Starčević's Croatian Party of Rights / Party of Rights), one of the parties of right, which in this period belonged among the most influential political parties in that area. In this paper the author used, among other means, also the prosopographical method, by which the conclusions about a specific group can also be derived from biographies of its members, which led him to believe that the Pure Party of Rights made its first steps inVirovitica with the assistance of pro-Hungarians from Virovitica, but gained a more significant number of supporters by gradual dropping out of the supporters of the Croatian Party of Rights.
U prvom dijelu članka, autor ispituje pitanje trubadurske subjektivnosti. Subjekt pjesme najavljuje samogubljenje, napuštanje postojećeg stanja stvari i samopredavanje, ali u tome ne vidi tragediju, već izvor istinske radosti. Ljubav zaslužuje žrtvu, ona je vrijedna cjelokupnog ljudskog htijenja, ali nije konvencionalna ljubav, nije ni bračna ni porodična, već je eterična i poetična ljubav prema Gospi. Za sve što može biti vezano uz takvu ljubav smatramo da je daleko prikladniji prijevod radosna nauka jer preciznije označava trubadursku poantu od uobičajenog prijevoda vesela nauka. Ono što posebno začuđuje kod naslijeđenog rješenja potpuno je promašivanje trubadurske posebnosti jer se riječ nauka može dovesti s njom u vezu jedino ako se prethodno stavi pod znakove navoda (što je i Nietzsche izričito učinio). Riječju, autor zaključuje da je demokratski naučnik sretan i optimističan, dok Nietzscheov »radosni« naučnik ne preza svima javno pokazati svoje patničko lice. Trubadurska patnja zbog daleke i neostvarive ljubavi neobično je blizu Nietzscheovoj patnji u suvremenom svijetu koji kao da nije u stanju živjeti u svijetu dalekog i odsutnog Boga. ; In the first part of the paper, the author tackles the question of troubadour subjectivity. The subject of the poem announces the losing of oneself, abandonment of the existing state of affairs and self-surrender, but sees no tragedy in it, for a source of genuine joy. Love deserves sacrifice, it is worthy of all human desire, but it is not a conventional love, neither marital nor family love, rather, it is an ethereal and poetic love for Our Lady. For everything that may be related to such love, we believe that a far more appropriate translation of gaya scienza is a joyful lesson, for it signifies far more to mark the troubadour point than the usual [Croatian/Serbian] translation cheerful doctrine. What is notably striking about the inherited solution is the complete misapprehension of the troubadour point, as the word science can only be associated with the troubadour wisdom if it is previously put in quotes (which Nietzsche explicitly does). In short, the author concludes that a democratic scientist is happy and optimistic, while Nietzsche's »joyful« scientist does not hesitate to show his anguished face publicly. The troubadour's anguish for distant and unrealizable love is peculiarly close to Nietzsche's suffering in a modern world that seems unable to live in a world of a distant and absent God.
Cilj je ovog rada steći što širi uvid u problem definiranja modernizma u fotografiji između dva svjetska rata u Zadru. Pozornost se posvetila političkoj i društvenoj situaciji u Zadru, fotografima te fotografskim izložbama koje su ostva- rile utjecaj na razvoj zadarske fotografije. Obradom referentne građe o izložbama, pregledom relevantne literature i periodike te uvidom u arhivske i muzejske zbirke raspravio se razmjer prodora i utjecaja modernizma na fotografsku situaciju u Zadru toga vremena i utjecaj koji je izvršio na poslijeratni modernizam. ; The aim of this paper is to offer a broader insight into the problem of defining modernism in Zadar's photography between the two World Wars. Particular attention has been paid to the political and social situation in Zadar, its photographers, and the photo exhibitions that had a special impact on the development of Zadar's photography. By analysing the relevant material on the exhibitions, scholarly literature and periodicals, as well as the archival and museum collections, the author has assessed the extent to which modernism has permeated and influenced Zadar's photography at that time and the impact it exerted on post-war modernism.
Klimatske promjene su jedan od najvećih izazova za postizanje ciljeva održivog razvoja. Formiranje odgovarajućih institucionalnih okvira za upravljanje klimatskim promjenama, koji uključuju i koordiniraju brojne interese i aktivnosti različitih aktera, razina i sektora, problem je i za zemlje jugoistočne Europe. Bosna i Hercegovina (BiH), Hrvatska, Slovenija i Srbija imaju značajne prirodne resurse koji su bili ugroženi proteklih godina zbog prirodnih katastrofa, što je utjecalo i na sektor šumarstva. Cilj rada je proučiti institucionalne okvire u šumarstvu i zaštiti prirode, kao i stavove ispitanika o kompetencijama relevantnih institucija i organizacija, identificirati potrebe za poboljšanjem postojećeg okvira i ocijeniti njihove interese i utjecaje u procesu upravljanja klimatskim promjenama. Prikupljanje podataka provedeno je korištenjem intervjua, u razdoblju od studenog 2016. do travnja 2017. godine. Protokol za intervju sastojao se od 22 pitanja podijeljenih u pet skupina. U svrhu ovoga rada analizirani su odgovori na pitanja u vezi s institucionalnim okvirima za upravljanje klimatskim promjenama u šumarstvu i zaštiti prirode. Uzorak je činilo 29 ispitanika (Federacija BiH-8, Hrvatska-6, Slovenija-5, Srbija-10), odnosno predstavnika javnih uprava i javnih službi u šumarstvu i zaštiti prirode, poduzeća i ustanova za gospodarenje državnim šumama i upravljanje zaštićenim područjima, obrazovnih i istraživačkih organizacija te organizacija civilnog sektora. Ispitanici su odabrani probnim uzorkovanjem (uzorak na bazi vrijednosnog suda). Ispitanici su bili predstavnici institucija i organizacija na nacionalnoj razini upravljanja u šumarstvu i zaštiti prirode, koji su izravno ili neizravno povezani s problematikom klimatskih promjena u odabranim oblastima. O postojećim institucionalnim okvirima, 52,4% ispitanika nema pozitivno mišljenje, a 85,7% se zalaže za njihovo unapređenje, u smislu poboljšanja suradnje i koordinacije između različitih sektora, institucija i organizacija. Značajne su razlike u procjeni interesa i utjecaja institucija i organizacija u upravljanju klimatskim promjenama među ispitanicima iz Slovenije i Hrvatske, kao i onima iz Federacije BiH i Srbije. Ispitanici iz područja zaštite prirode procjenjuju da je interes veći u odnosu na predstavnike šumarskog sektora (ispitanici iz područja zaštite prirode smatraju da je interes "veoma visok" – prosječna ocjena 4,6, a iz sektora šumarstva da je "visok" – prosječna ocjena 4,1). Potrebna su daljnja istraživanja o suradnji i koordinaciji svih sudionika na različitim razinama upravljanja, kao i drugih elemenata koji, uz institucionalne okvire, dovode do stvaranja odgovornog sustava upravljanja klimatskim promjenama i rješavanja različitih izazova klimatskih promjena. ; Global environmental and ecological problems such as climate change and other related issues (e.g. biodiversity losses) do not recognize state boundaries. Therefore, intentions to address these problems require a multi-actor, multi-sector and multilevel approach. The concept that enables joint effort against these problems implies an active participation of all stakeholders, establishes the rules for shared responsibilities and strives to make efficient and effective procedures for addressing these issues is known as "governance" (Mutabdžija, 2012).Climate change and occurance of extreme events are presenting a threat to the natural resources, exposing the vulnerabilities of current resource governance regimes, including also forestry and nature conservation. The occurance of extreme events in last several years thretened the natural resources and impacted the forestry sector in all four selected countries of Southeast Europe (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Serbia, and Slovenia). This has provided a further arguments for understanding the institutional framework for climate change governance in forestry and nature conservation as important element in dealing with uncertanties posed by the climate change challenges on natural resources.Hence, the aim of the paper is to examine the institutional frameworks of forestry and nature conservation, as well as the attitudes of respondents about the competences of the relevant institutions and organizations, to identify the need to improve the existing framework and to evaluate their interests and impacts in climate change governance.In this research were used individual, structured interviews as a research technique in collecting the primary data. The questionnaire consisted of 22 questions, divided into 5 groups. For the purposes of this paper, responses to questions related to institutional frameworks for climate change governance in forestry and nature conservation are analyzed. The sample consisted of 29 representatives (Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina – 8, Croatia – 6, Serbia – 10, Slovenia – 5) from public administrations and services in forestry and nature conservation, enterprises and organization for forest and protected area management, educational and research organizations, and non-governmental organizations. The respondents were selected by judgemental sampling. Current institutional framework for climate change governance comprises of various institutions and organizations in all analyzed countries (Table 1). In selected countries, there is a clear division of responsibilities between public administration institutions in forestry and nature conservation (these institutions are directly or indirectly are related to forestry). There is a number of common primary objectives within the given competencies common to the same organizational category (Table 2), in all four countries. Despite current institutional and organizational variaty and competency alignment between different institutions and organizations, there is a need for further improvement of institutional framework for climate change governance through cooperation and coordination, accross different sectors, institutions and organizations, as stated by the respondents attittudes (Table 3 and 4). Respondents attitudes towards the interest and influence of institutions/organizations on climate change governance are mostly showing a visible interest but indicating challenges in providing suitable inflluence (Table 5). Also, visible discrepancy in assessment of the interest and influence of institutions and organizations on climate change governance is between the respondents from Slovenia and Croatia at one side and respondents from Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia at the other side, indicates differences in inclusion of climate change challenges accross different competency levels. Regardless of the category of institutions and organizations, the respondents recognized the importance of the investigated issues and they assessed its interest as "high" and "very high" (Table 6).Further development of suitable institutional frameworks for climate change governance in forestry and nature conservation needs additional attention especially in the field of multilevel coordination between different actors and their activities, as well as the acknowledgment of potentially significant influence forestry sector might have in climate change governance.
Autor iznosi ključne postupke diplomacije Nezavisne Države Hrvatske: od ustrojstva ministarstva vanjskih poslova u travnju 1941. do zadnjih pokušaja spašavanja NDH u svibnju 1945. U članku su prezentirani svi relevantni događaji za diplomaciju NDH s naglaskom na najvažnije aktere u pojedinim diplomatskim akcijama. Navedeni su svi ministri vanjskih poslova koji su bili na čelu ministarstva, njihove diplomatske aktivnosti te razlozi njihove smjene ili ostavke. Članak također daje uvid u krajnju zavisnost ustaškog režima prema fašističkim saveznicama, Njemačkoj i Italiji – obrađujući odnos sa svakom od njih posebno. Učestalo mijenjanje ministara vanjskih poslova i poslanika u najvažnijim državama za NDH izraz je visoke nestabilnosti i podčinjenosti ustaškog režima okupacijskim silama. ; The author presents the key moments of the diplomacy of the Independent State of Croatia: from the organization of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in April 1941 to the last attempts to save the Independent State of Croatia in May 1945. The article presents all relevant events for the diplomacy of the Independent State of Croatia with a focus on the most important participant in certain diplomatic actions. The paper lists all foreign ministers who headed the ministry, their diplomatic activities and the reasons for their dismissal or resignation. The article also provides an insight into the utmost dependence of the Ustasha regime on fascist allies, Germany and Italy. processing the relationship with each of them separately. The frequent change of foreign ministers and ambassadors in the most important states for the NDH is an expression of high instability and subordination of the Ustasha regime to the occupying forces.
Tema rada je desni populizam, vrlo jak i raširen na cijeloj sjevernoj polutki; ovdje nas zanima naša zemlja i njoj najbliže. Najprije općenito karakteriziramo populizam, a onda razmatramo njegov odnos s najbližim mu pojavama, nacionalizmom i patriotizmom. Zanimljiv je fenomen u Hrvatskoj odsutnost snažnih jasno populističkih stranki usprkos snažnoj nacionalističkoj orijentaciji u izbornoj bazi; najjednostavnije je objašnjenje da je HDZ uspio preuzeti važne teme desnog populizma, a ipak sačuvati formu i ideologiju parlamentarne demokracije. Koliko je to rješenje stabilno vidjet će se u budućnosti. Uspon populizma promijenio je okvir političkih dilema kod nas i u svijetu; zastupnici suprotnih stajališta sada moraju ponovno promisliti pretpostavke na kojima djeluju i ponuditi nova rješenja. ; The topic of the paper is right-wing populism, strong and widespread throughout the Northern Hemisphere; although the focus is on Croatia and its closest neighborhood. First, the author defines populism and then considers its relationship with its closest phenomena, nationalism, and patriotism. An interesting puzzle about Croatia is the absence of strong, clearly populist parties, despite a strong nationalist orientation in the electoral base; the simplest explanation is that the strongest party, HDZ (Croatian Democratic Union) has managed to take on important topics of right-wing populism while still preserving the form and ideology of parliamentary democracy. How stable this solution is will be seen in the future. The rise of populism has changed the frame of political contestation in our country and in the world; proponents of opposing political standpoints must now rethink the assumptions of their political action and offer new solutions.
Autocenzura je oblik cenzure o kojemu se puno ne govori niti istražuje. No, pojavljuje se, kako u totalitarnim tako i u demokratskim društvima, kroz čitavu povijest pisma, izdavaštva i slobode govora. Od povijesnog pregleda preko razmatranja različitih vrsta, načina provedbe, moralnih aspekata i dualne funkcije autocenzure dolazi se do konkretnog oblika promišljene autocenzure. Ona stvara posebnu tehniku pisanja "između redaka" koja poruku unatoč ograničenjima, uspijeva prenijeti od autora do inteligentna čitatelja služeći dodatno kao zaštita od oštre cenzorske ruke. Takvom su se tehnikom, među ostalim, koristili autori Encyclopédie ou Dictionaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers (1751 – 1772). Predvođeni Denisom Diderotom, takozvani Enciklopedisti, u vrijeme prosvjetiteljstva borili su se za sekularizaciju mišljenja, suprotstavljanje religijskom autoritetu i za bolje obrazovanje svekolike javnosti. Unatoč stalnom nadgledanjima i zabranama izdavanja uspjeli su uz pomoć autocenzure prenijeti svoje heterodoksne poruke. U zadnjem dijelu rada, analizom sadržaja tekstova Encyclopédie prikazani su izravni primjeri autocenzure. Suvremeni se svijet ni danas nije oslobodio cenzure i autocenzure, osobito prisutnih u medijskome svijetu, stoga borba protiv kontrole i zabrane još uvijek traje. ; Self-censorship is a form of censorship that is not much talked about or explored. But it emerges, both in totalitarian and democratic societies, throughout the history of scripture, publishing and free speech. From historical overview through analysis of different types, modes of implementation, moral aspects and dual function of self-censorship, arises a concrete form of deliberate self-censorship. It creates a special "between the lines" writing technique that, despite its limitations, manages to convey the message from an author to an intelligent reader, further serving as protection against the blade of censorship. This technique was used, among other things, by the authors of The Encyclopédie ou Dictionaire ...
Na temelju institucijsko-pravne analize poslova koje je središnja državna vlast tijekom razvoja upravljanja na teritoriju dodjeljivala dekoncentriranoj državnoj upravi razvija se klasifikacija uloga koju dekoncentrirana državna uprava može imati u upravno-političkom sustavu. Uloge dekoncentrirane državne uprave shvaćaju se kao ciljevi koje središnja državna vlast želi ostvariti preko institucije državnog predstavnika na teritoriju i/ili organiziranjem područnih upravnih organa i područnih upravnih jedinica. Razlikuju se integrativna, provedbena i koordinativno-planska uloga dekoncentrirane državne uprave. Njihove karakteristike opisuju se po dimenzijama vrijednosti na kojima počivaju, nositeljima poslova, teritorijalnim razinama na kojima su državne upravne jedinice organizirane te odnosa dekoncentrirane državne uprave sa središnjom državnom vlasti i lokalnim samoupravnim jedinicama. Rad sadržava prvi sustavni pregled zadaća koje dekoncentrirana državna uprava može obavljati neovisno o stupnju društvenog razvoja ili primijenjenome organizacijskom modelu dekoncentrirane državne uprave u pojedinoj zemlji u novijoj znanstvenoj literaturi. ; On the basis of the institutional-legal analysis of the tasks assigned to the deconcentrated state administration by the central government during the development of territorial management, the author develops a classification of the roles that deconcentrated state administration can have in administrative-political system. The roles of a deconcentrated state administration are understood as goals that the central government intends to achieve through the institution of a state territorial representative and / or by organizing territorial state administrative bodies and units. The integrative, implementing and coordinative-planning roles of deconcentrated state administration are distinguished. When realizing integrative role, deconcentrated state administration is in function of ensuring integrity of territorial system of administration; when realizing implementing role, deconcentrated state administration is in function of ensuring execution, preparation and lawful implementation of state regulations; when realizing coordinative-strategic role, deconcentrated state administration is in function of promoting social development. Their characteristics are described by the following dimensions: values they promote, task holders, the territorial levels state administrative bodies and units are organized on, and the relations of deconcentrated state administration with the central state government and local self-government units. The paper contains the first systematic overview of tasks that can be performed by deconcentrated state administration, regardless of the degree of social development or the applied organizational model of deconcentrated state administration in a particular country, in recent scientific literature.
Domovina je s jedne strane prirodna činjenica, a s druge strane nije gotova datost nego politička zadaća. Mi sami sebe tek u slobodi podižemo i stvaramo svoju domovinu. Autorica odabire dva književna predloška koji tematiziraju domovinu i lutkarski su uprizoreni u Kazalištu lutaka Zadar: Pionir Grujo Vladimira Nazora (1952.) i Gradovanje Tahira Mujičića (1986.). Predstave imaju različitu poetiku i nastaju u različitom kontekstu i unutar samog Kazališta lutaka Zadar ali i političkih prilika u Hrvatskoj. Lutkarska igra Pionir Grujo bila je na repertoaru Kazališta lutaka Zadar već u njegovoj prvoj godini djelovanja. Nastaje u doba socrealizma i kako bi izbjegao klišeje tadašnje književnosti, Nazor priču o Pioniru Gruji postavlja između mitologije i stvarnosti. Aktualna tema, izgradnja domovine, konkretizirana je u gradnji pruge Šamac – Sarajevo. Lutkarska igra Gradovanje nastaje u doba kada je lutkarstvo u Zadru bilo već afirmirano i spremno na neobične priče i inscenacije. Gradovanje nastaje u doba prosvijećenog ili dekadentnog socijalizma kada se Tahir Mujičić morao poslužiti bajkom kako bi predstavio svoje viđenje domovine. ; On the one hand a homeland is a natural fact, but on the other hand it is not something finished and given but a political task. Only in freedom can we raise and create our homeland. The author is choosing two literary templates which thematize a homeland and were staged as puppet show in the Zadar Puppet Theatre: Pioneer Grujo from Vladimir Nazor (1952.) and Towning from Tahir Mujičić (1986.). Those puppet shows have different poetics and are born in different contexts of Zadar Puppet Theatre but also in different political circumstances of Croatia as a whole. Puppet show Pionir Grujo was on the repertoire of Zadar Puppet Theatre already in its first active year. It appeared in the age of socialist realism so, to avoid literary clichés of that time, Nazor placed the story between mythology and reality. Actual theme, the creation of homeland, is concretized in the construction of railway Šamac-Sarajevo. Puppet show Towning appeared when a puppetry in Zadar had already been established and ready for unusual stories and staging. It was in the age of enlightened or decadent socialism when Tahir Mujičić was compelled to get use of a fairytale to represent its vision of homeland.
