Suchergebnisse

The article discusses how Judith Butler's theory of gender, mainly based on what the author called metaphysics of substance, operates a desontologization of sex-gender experiences. For this, it exposes how Butler operates the desontologization of the gendered subject, through her feminist critique of the idea of ​​subject conceived from the mark of sexual difference. Later, it dedicates to what Butler called the "metaphysics of substance", seen as what sustains, within the framework of the binary sex-gender system, the idea of ​​natural difference of bodies, a moment in which the author resorts to the genealogy of morals developed by Nietzsche to justify her genealogy of gender and bodies, seeing these as inseparable, which is why she concludes that, in the manner of gender, the production of bodies occurs in a performative way through contextualized recitations that establish the boundaries of human intelligibility and that, therefore, it is subject to transformation.

A construção de um projeto de nação brasileira se deu na primeira metade do século XIX, em meio a um período de turbulências. Nesse período, foram criados os cursos de Direito em Olinda e São Paulo, além do Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro. Após 22 anos de precariedade, o curso de Olinda foi transferido Recife, e foi quando, em 1870, Silvio Romero anunciou um conjunto de ideias cientificistas, inaugurando uma nova fase da historiografia brasileira. Ele propôs uma tríade racial como formadora do povo brasileiro, e para estudá-la recorreu ao folclore, tendo como objetivo compreender a contribuição cultural de cada raça para formação do povo brasileiro analisando homem e natureza. Essa sugestão aparece nas obras de Felisbelo Freire e Euclides da Cunha que tomamos como exemplo para investigar a repercussão do pensamento de Romero. Está pesquisa está pautada por uma sociologia do conhecimento de Mannheim, preocupada em investigar como as verdades são construídas em tempos de turbulência social. E, assim, a passagem do império à república é significativa para a dicotomia entre tradição e modernidade, sertão e litoral.

This article aims to highlight the value attributed to art, especially music, by Arthur Schopenhauer. The author's relationship with the philosophy of Fichte and Schelling will be articulated, contextualizing his thinking with the german romantic movement. Moreover, by presenting his aesthetic hierarchy, some fundamental aspects of the author of The world as will and representation will be pointed out, insofar as this duality is also pointed to when referring to the different artistic styles.

This essay intersects literature and epistemology in order to understand what it means to take "The left hand of darkness" (1969), as proposed by the author Ursula K. Le Guin, as a thought experiment. As we look at Science Fiction as a literary genre and how it relates to the notion of thought experiment, we conclude that Science Fiction authors, through the imaginary displacement they perform as they create people, worlds, political organizations, and explore the relations between subjects within these imaginary structures, also draw thought experiments that are able to deal with important aspects of the human experience.

In this article we seek to analyze the senses of the anthem composed for the city of Feira de Santana, Bahia, in 1928, by poet and conductor Georgina Erisman. It is an exercise in interpreting the symbols and meanings of the work (the anthem) and how the author sought to represent this city based on a set of elements that defined local identity in the early twentieth century. Such elements went through their commercial vocation, their religiosity, their femininity and even their climate, among others. A set of images whose meaning has been almost completely lost to later generations, even though the anthem is still one of the city's official symbols

This article analyzes the role played by the State Council of D. Pedro II in combating the international slave trade. Until the mid-1850s, the slave trade was presented as a problem of difficult resolution for Brazilian elites due to a number of factors: as constant threats from the English government, the importance of slave labor in the country's economic structure and in political lobby of slaves owners. England was asserting its economic and military status as a global power to impose on Brazil an end to the interatlantic slave trade. Due to the international pressures suffered by Brazil, the continuity of trafficking has become a matter of concern for national elites. The theme provoked a wide debate in the sessions of the Full Council. The English interventionist stance was severely criticized by the councilors for violating national sovereignty. From the Eusébio de Queiróz law, the Council of State acquired a new configuration not provided for the Constitution: to judge and punish, in the second instance, those involved in the slave trade. In order to guarantee effective punishment for traffickers and to appease the international pressure suffered by Brazil, the State Council tried to attract the processes related to trafficking to its jurisdiction. Punishing those involved in this type of trade was not an easy task due to the complicity and collusion of local authorities. The present text is part of doctoral research developed by the author when turning to the theme of slavery. At the theoretical level, the author seeks to realize an interface between the field of History and Social Sciences, particularly Political Science. This work uses a wide bibliographic collection, in addition to a series of primary sources, in particular, the Minutes of the Council of State.

In this article we intend to analyze the relationship between science and values from the philosophy of Hans Jonas. It starts with an analysis of the change identified by the author with regard to the new status of knowledge in modernity, which gives rise to the so-called technobioscience, born from the articulation between knowing and doing, in view of a new power. It is about showing how the old formulation of knowledge as contemplation gave way to the utilitarian idea of knowledge as exploration, although in such a version, the claim of neutrality and absolute freedom is maintained, characteristic of the old moral island represented by knowledge pre-modern. Jonas argues in favor of an articulation of technobioscience with ethics, in order to provide the values capable of guiding knowing, doing and power in technological civilization.

The text is part of a doctoral research process in education, and dialogues, in an essayistic manner, with themes such as the city, images, body and everyday affective crossings. These dialogues tension with education, history, daily life and other ways of thinking about the urban tangle, anchored in the cartographic method. Through formative processes experienced by the author, seek to evidence issues, concerns and discomforts that are still unstable, rehearsed in everyday life and outlined in thought and inventions. It argues that the power of creation and wandering in the city are insurgent ways of ruptures in the face of current conservative advances, paying attention to the exercise of otherness, inventiveness and experimentation, having as main references authors such as Michel Foucault, Suely Rolnik, Félix Guattari , Peter Pelbart, among others.

Richard Rorty (1931-2007) stood out as a relevant thinker of contemporary political life, in addition to building a framework of ideas of language, culture, freedom and solidarity. One of his most recurrent banners was the primacy of literature over philosophy and freedom over truth. For the purposes of this article, we start with excerpts from Rorty's interview by Helmut Mayer and Wolfgang Ulrich, compiled in the text It's good to persuade, in Take care of freedom that the truth will take care of itself. In addition to this text, we also use Philosophy and social hope (from 1999), and, in particular, Education as socialization and individualization (from 1989), a text in which the author, moving away from the enchantment of traditional philosophy and defending the adoption of a philosophizing, primacy of freedom the edifying truth, by dogmatic, over a markedly essentialist and anti-foundationist posture.

The article aims to identify as the main passions that run through the Hobbesian theoretical corpus. To this end, the exhibition will begin by analyzing the mechanism of the passions founded by the author. Next, it will be highlighted how unbridled passions make peaceful coexistence between individuals unfeasible, establishing a scenario in which conflicts are inevitable. Two passions will be analyzed in more detail: vainglory and fear. After emphasizing that the Hobbesian man tends naturally to his own benefit, to competition and to domination, representing a threat to the other, it will be pointed out how the State asserts itself as the necessary that aims to discipline like passions. This part of the argument will analyze as desirable passions for the maintenance of civil life, with emphasis on hope, the desire for comfort and delight, the desire for knowledge and the arts, as well as for fear and vainglory itself.

This paper seeks to present in detail Silvia Federici's considerations about neoliberalism, having as a center of discussion the way in which the body, reproduction and daily life are mobilized by the author. In this perspective, a materialistic condition of the way of becoming possible of individuals will be presented to the extent that we are fundamentally bodies whose connection to social totality is mediated by rooting in the situated particularity of daily life. Therefore, also dialoguing with other authors such as Simone de Beauvoir, Rosa Luxemburgo and Henri Lefebvre, it is a question of presenting the development of a perspective that places the daily reproduction of life as a central productive force for the social being and, sedimented as habits in the body, produces and reproduces ways of being, the basis from which considerations about neoliberal logic will be understood, and thus, the importance of Federici's feminist critical approach to the capitalist mode of production will be marked.

Jürgen Habermas is a modern thinker who presents us with a rationality capable of creating spaces of freedom that correspond to the ideals of social emancipation that have always crossed the horizon of Western modernity. Through several studies by this author, including critical contributions to his theory, we will develop his epistemological reflection and his relevant contribution to the renewal of German critical theory. We will begin by presenting his critique on positivism, and then summoning the dispute with Gadamer about hermeneutics. Habermas adopts hermeneutics, albeit with some criticism, as a facilitator of self-reflection that allows revealing to social sciences the errors of both objectivist social science and vulgar analysis of language. We will follow this thinker's perspective on the interests that guide knowledge and, finally, we will take into account his theory of communicative rationality, which stresses Habermas's universalist optimism, based on a healthy pluralism that allows human consensus.

This work aims to analyze the Hans Jonas' reflection on the ontological status of the animal that is inserted, in this context, in a more general analysis of the phenomenon of life and presents itself as an important topic in the ontology that intends to combat dualism and the rupture between human animals and non-human animals. By recognizing different degrees of a spiritual activity among living beings, the author, however, does not share the idea of a full equality among animals, although his perspective is of common traits that accentuate the transanimality of man, that is, its belonging and, at the same time, its difference in relation to the beasts. Therefore, his philosophy is not limited to the discourse on animal rights, but rather intends to think of a new animal ontology and a new human animality through the psychophysical integrity and the constitutive relationship between human and non-human animals within the field of nature.

The purpose of this article is to discuss the terms of representation and the theory of authorization in Hobbes, highlighting, in turn, the adversities and inconsistencies in the way the fictitious attribution interferes with the constitution of authority in Hobbes. In this sense, it becomes necessary to discuss the way in which Hobbes determines the function of the representative in the absence of his identification as author, that is, without any condition to attribute authority to his actors. This is, therefore, a contradiction in terms of the rationality imposed by the model of representation proposed by Hobbes, in which the imputation of responsibility, in the case of the fictitious person, is absent of responsibility for his acts and, thus, making it impossible to assume responsibility for the acts of another. To this end, the aspects of the fictitious person and his relationship with the precepts of unauthorized authorization are highlighted in order to define the terms of the fictitious attribution and its implications in the legal theory of authorization in Hobbes.

The present study is based on the relationship between philosophy and literature with Nietzsche and Kafka as the main authors studied. The central question of this study is how to comprehend some of Nietzsche's philosophy in Kafka's literary pieces? In this way, the goal is to analyze a potential reading of the concepts will of power and nihilism. The text's proposal develops in two moments: characterizing Nietzsche's philosophy with the will of power and nihilism concepts as main points of the books considered as "mature" written by this author and presenting Kafka's piece Carta ao pai as an alternative to overcome nihilism with the main starting point being the relationship between will of power and art characterized by a determined period in Nietzsche's philosophy as active nihilism. Thus, the text primes at developing not just a descriptive analysis through bibliographic research focusing on the cited manuscripts, but also searching fundaments to arguments made by some commentators of both authors in specific points.