Suchergebnisse

The article is devoted to the analysis of the correlation between the figures of the real author and the fictional author-narrator in the novel by M.Yu. Lermontov A Hero of Our Time. It is shown that as a result of the inclusion in the text of the second edition of the novel (1841) of the author's preface, containing Lermontov's polemic with the reviewers of the first edition, there was an interference of the "I" of the real creator of the work and the "I" of the fictional author, to whom the stories Bela, Princess Mary and the preface to the diary of the protagonist are attributed. It is significant that some of the biographical features of Lermontov and the fictional author coincide, and the two prefaces overlap. Thanks to all this, the effect of a non-trivial literary game arose, based on the illusion of the authenticity of the events set forth in the novel: the real author seems to get acquainted with
Pechorin. This game is fundamentally different from the Sternian play and violation of the boundaries of the real and the fictional in A.S. Pushkin's Eugene Onegin, whose main characters are represented both by real persons and creations of the author's imagination. Unlike Pushkin and many contemporary Russian prose writers, Lermontov does not expose, but, on the contrary, hides the fictional, purely literary nature of his narrative. At the same time, the creator of A Hero of Our Time does not resort to literary hoax, does not directly try to pass off either the first-level narrator or Pechorin as the real authors of the novel or part of it. The story of A. von Chamisso The Extraordinary Story of Peter Schlemil could serve as a model for such a game, in which the central character, who tells a fantastic story of the events of his life, is an acquaintance of the author and his real-life friends.

Восстание Ната Тернера, произошедшее в августе 1831 года в округе Саутгемптон, штат Вирджиния, является одним из самых знаковых и в то же время хорошо изученных и задокументированных событий американской истории. Тем не менее, можно с уверенностью утверждать, что в отечественной американистике должного внимания ему никогда не уделялось. До настоящего времени не вышло ни одного масштабного исследования. Даже сам ход восстания в русскоязычной литературе описан крайне поверхностно и, в основном, в публицистических работах, являющихся в большинстве своем переводом или компиляцией нескольких американских журналистских материалов. В данной статье автор попытался восполнить указанный пробел и восстановить общую картину и хронику событий, опираясь на источники и работы ведущих зарубежных специалистов по направлению «Афроамериканская история» (Black History) ⁎ . В статье подробно прослеживается маршрут продвижения группы мятежников по округу Саутгемптон и основные события, происходившие в активной фазе восстания, т.е. в период с 22 часов 21 августа до 5 часов утра 23 августа 1831 г. При этом вопросы выявления причин и предпосылок, а также непосредственной подготовки восстания автор намеренно опускает, фокусируясь исключительно на описании хода вооруженного выступления рабов. Автором предложена собственная периодизация восстания, а также определен круг причин его поражения.
Nat Turner's Rebellion that took place in Southampton County, Virginia, in August 1831 is one of the most iconic and at the same time well-studied and documented events in American history. Nevertheless, it is safe to say that Russian American studies have never paid due attention to this issue. Not a single major study has been published so far. Even the course of the rebellion is described in Russian-language literature in a superficial manner mainly in popular science and journalistic works, which are mostly translations or compilations of several American journalistic materials. In this article, the author tried to fill this gap and to reconstruct the overall picture and chronicle of events, relying on the sources and works of leading foreign experts in the field of African American History (Black History).⁎ The article retraces in detail the advance of the rebel group through Southampton County and the main events that took place in the active phase of the rebellion, i.e. in the period between 10 p.m. on August 21 and 5 a.m. on August 23, 1831. The author deliberately omits the questions of identifying the causes and prerequisites of the rebellion as well as its immediate preparation, focusing exclusively on the description of the course of the armed slave uprising. The author proposes his own periodization of the rebellion and also determines the range of reasons for its defeat.

The article is devoted to the study of the terrorist organization «Islamic Jihad Group». The author analyzes the versions of its origin, the transformation of strategic priorities. Much attention is given to the relations of «Islamic Jihad Group» with other groups. The author notes that the vagueness of the jihadist ideological base creates opportunities for the modification of the terrorist groups. The author hypothesizes that the terrorist structures are created with a given life cycle. The author comes to the conclusion that the «Islamic Jihad Group» retains its destructive potential.

The article presents the International conference Language, Culture,
Creativity in Transdisciplinary Dimensions: Traditions and Innovations, which took
place on October 22‒24, 2021 in Minsk (Belarus) and was dedicated to the 90th anniversary of the birth of prof. V.N. Teliya and the 100th anniversary of the Belarusian
State University. The article contains a brief overview of a wide range of problems of modern linguistics, phraseology, linguoculturology, lexicography, which became
the subject of discussion in plenary and sectional reports, as well as during the round
table.

The article is devoted to the development of approaches to the legal qualification of the consent to harm in German doctrine and case law. The author explores the problems of the transactional theory of consent, based on the provisions of the German Civil Code and dogmatically formulated in the work of E. Zitelmann. The article describes the early case law of the German high courts on the consent to harm. The author generalizes critique of the transactional theory of consent in the doctrine and describes a departure from it in the case law of the mid-20th century in Germany. The author dwells in detail on various non-transactional approaches to the qualification of consent presented in the works of K. Larentz, E. Schenke, O. Bucher and W. Münzberg. The article describes a modern approach to consent based on the teleological reduction of some rules on transactions. The author comes to the conclusion that the development of doctrinal views on consent to harm in Germany proceeded dialectically: from the transactional qualification of consent through non-transactional approaches to the limited application of certain rules on transactions. The author suggests to qualify consent to harm as a transaction with some reservations.

This article examines some current problems of EU and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). Also this article generalize and illustrate in new way long waves hypothesis. The author suggests a non-customary approach to the study and forecasting of the economic life within the framework of Kondratieff approaches. Cyclical patterns were successfully used by the author in the business and in the banking sphere. Taking into account long waves, in 2009 the author warned about the possible economic crises in Russia in 2014-2015, 2020 and such crises actually happened. The aim of this article is the systematization and the adaptation of long waves approaches to the study of many acute economic problems. The hypothesis of long waves was used by the author but only as a general empirical reference point. It touches on many actual problems of world development, including the decrease of global FDI and the growth of centrifugal forces in the EU. The question is raised about the large-scale spread of coronavirus. The rapid spread of COVID-19 could have been connected with high global instability in addition to other well-known factors. Taking into account Kondratieff's waves and many years of the author's experience in the Russian business and in the Russian banking sphere, the author touches on a long unfavorable period of economic instability in Russian economy. Some economic advices to regulators and business in Russia are provided. Also the author concludes that it is necessary to continue studying the Kondratieff long wave hypothesis with the aim of its further successful use in forecasting.

В статье представлено эмпирическое исследование, выполненное на материале электронных петиций русскоязычного сегмента международной цифровой платформы петиций Change.org. Электронные петиции анализируются в теоретическом поле цифрового политического участия, включая слактивизм, с целью охарактеризовать границы эффективности петиций и представить тематические доминанты по федеральным округам как на уровне выдвижения петиций, так и на уровне их поддержки онлайн-голосованием. Исследование включает материалы Change.org с 2012 по 2017 гг. При помощи компьютерного обеспечения Python, библиотек Lxml, Requests и Re были извлечены и проанализированы 22 452 петиции с учетом территории их создания. Также были идентифицированы 918 петиций, получивших статус "исполненных" (статус после голосования определяет автор петиции) для анализа по регионам. Обе текстовые базы тематизированы на основе открытого кодирования при помощи программного обеспечения AntConc и TopicMiner и проанализированы с применением инструментов описательной статистики, включая кластерный анализ (SPSS Statistics 22). В процессе исследования определились три группы территорий, где (1) власть и бизнес готовы, отвечая на запросы населения, решать широкий круг вопросов в русле культурной, социальной и политической жизни региона, (2) власть и бизнес откликаются только на проблемы выживания населения, (3) власть и бизнес безопасно ощущают себя, содействуя решению проблем защиты животных и игнорируя другие требования населения, изложенные в онлайн-петициях. Исследование позволяет утверждать, что онлайн-петиции популярных негосударственных цифровых платформ оказывают эффект на принятие политических решений. Наиболее показательна тематика поддержанных петиций, поскольку является интегративным показателем: отражает потребности населения территории, указывает на готовность других россиян признать проблему стоящей решения, показывает, какие проблемы населения региональные власти или бизнес готовы решать без значительного общественного давления.

The set of credit goods and services is changing to meet the demand of users, however, if there is enough information about generation X and Y — the parents of modern «zoomers» («zoomers» are representatives of generation Z) and they have already shown their credit behavior, then generation Z is new customers of banks and there are no exact characteristics of their credit behavior yet.
The aim of the work was to study the behavior of generation Z, in accordance with the theory of U. Strauss and N. Howe, in order to make a forecast of zoomer's credit behavior based on the information received. At the first stage of the study, information about the behavior of generation Z in different spheres of their lives was collected and analyzed, as well as the conditions of the surrounding reality in which they live, and how it affects them. The article reveals that generation Z was born in a relatively quiet period, they grew up simultaneously with the active development of technology and the Internet, so since childhood, speed in everything is important for them. Representatives of the generation like a creative approach to the presentation of information, do not like physical labor and are ready to work remotely or as freelancers. The author of the article separately noted that at a young age, the «zoomers» witnessed global changes in the world: coronavirus, exams in online format, a special military operation, partial mobilization, which affected their expectations of the world. Representatives of Z are ready to raise the global problems of the planet for discussion and present solutions to these problems. In order to determine the attitude of «zoomers» to loans and identify their values, at the second stage of the study, a survey of representatives of generation Z «Credit behavior of Yaroslavl residents» was conducted (August — September 2023). Yaroslavl, the sample is spontaneous (N = 570), the age of respondents is from 17 to 22 years, of which 47 % are men and 53 % are women. Among the respondents, 87 % receive higher education, 5 % receive secondary vocational education, 8 % receive secondary general education.
Method of collecting information: oral survey and on-line questionnaire. As a result of the study of the generation of «zoomers», the author of the article revealed that education will be important for them in order to keep up with the realities of the time and possess key, in-demand competencies. Generation Z is ready to take out a loan on a smartphone to always stay in touch with the outside world. A personal car, as the third purchase in the popularity rating of «zoomers», must necessarily reflect their individuality and be eco-friendly. This generation will open up new approaches to the consumption of goods, the attitude to the disposal of funds and their accumulation.

The author considers the concept of «pensionary good» and the specifics of its production at the state and non-state levels. The purpose of the study is to analyze the actions aimed at creating a «pensionary good» under the influence of incentives and coercion. Drawing on the theory of goods, the author comes to conclusion that the elements of pensionary good can be produced in the form of public goods, merit goods, club goods and private goods. The author identifies the specifics of pensionary good structure at the analyzed levels and shows that national pension in the Russian Federation is based on coercion, with stimulation being of secondary importance. Non-state-funded retirement also uses the coercion and incentives. It has been established that coercion and incentives provide contradictory results as mechanisms used in the process of producing a pensionary good. While preparing the article, the author used the data from the Federal Statistic Service, the Pension Fund of Russia and various sociological surveys and scientific works on pensions and insurance. The conclusions of the study may be useful for further research on the development of Russian pension system.

The corpus of political science problems related to the development, security, and sovereignty of the state, which stimulates the increased interest of both government structures and representatives of the scientific community, also includes a new concept of 'food miles.' The deconstruction method and comparative analysis applied by the author showed that the semantic foundation of the terminological unit under consideration is based on the neorealist paradigm of international relations. The author seeks not only to highlight the epistemological gaps of the concept, but also to convert them into competitive advantages, thus contributing to the discourse related to the construction of 'improved food miles.' In the empirical part of the research, the author chose the agricultural policy of the Moscow region as an example, in particular, fixing the low food self-sufficiency of the region, compensated both by the intra-national commodity movement and the import of basic foodstuffs. For the first time, the dependence on the intensive import of foreign food products into the subject of the Russian Federation was compared with the degree of environmental damage identified using mathematical methods. The author concludes that the concept of 'food miles,' having replenished the categorical and conceptual apparatus of political science and the theory of international relations, can be used as a mechanism of 'green protectionism,' activating the protection of national interests and stimulating the diversification of domestic agroecological production. As a recommendation to state bodies, the author offers a plan of amendments to legislative acts, as well as a graphic project of ecological labeling of food products.

The article analyzes the concept of gross negligence in the occurrence of an insured event and its legal significance for liability insurance. The broad interpretation of gross negligence in judicial practice leads to an increase in the number of cases of refusal to pay insurance compensation. For this reason, customs representatives and other professional participants in the turnover cannot use insurance protection in situations for which such protection is provided. Using the examples of judicial practice, the author substantiates the need to analyze all elements of the insured event as a whole, and not only the behavior of the party preceding this case, when determining gross negligence. In addition, in the article the author touches upon the currently relevant issue of the admissibility of providing in the contract the possibility of releasing the insurer from the payment of compensation. The author comes to the conclusion that the rules regarding gross negligence in the occurrence of an insured event should be considered imperative, because this form of guilt does not exclude the randomness characteristic of insurance relations. According to the author, the rules of Article 959 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation allow to protect the interests of the insurer in connection with the increased risk of an insured event due to gross negligence.

The author describes his 50 years of experience in studying public opinion in America, the Soviet Union and Russia. This includes research at the Institute of American and Canadian Studies of American mass consciousness, the study of Americans' attitudes towards economic and social problems, Soviet-American relations; and collaboration with leading American public opinion polling centers — the Gallup Institute, the University of Michigan, National Opinion Research Center in Chicago, studying the work of the L. Harris and M. Field polling services, the CBS-New York Times, ABC-Washington Post centers, the polling organizations of the Democratic and Republican parties, presidential advisors on public opinion. The author implemented his American experience in organizing the study of public opinion in the USSR and then in Russia when creating the Russian Public Opinion Research Center (VCIOM), the Center for Studying Public Opinion of the Presidential Administration of Boris Yeltsin, the Agency for Regional Political Research, and other survey centers. Analyzed is the use of sociological surveys in Boris Yeltsin's presidential election campaign in 1996. The author has conducted several joint Soviet/Russian-American public opinion studies: "Television and society", "Soviet and American children on the threat of war", "National problems of Russia". The author describes his experience in communicating with leading American and Russian experts in the study of public opinion — G. Gallup, L. Harris, Yu.A. Zamoshkin, B.A. Grushin.

Judging by numerous publications, which, among other things, contain the results of sociological surveys, in the age of the finest technologies, our society has been «covered» by a pandemic of profanity.
The author of the article attempts to analyze what is happening from a scientific point of view, namely: to study the origins and get acquainted with the nature of the phenomenon, its vitality and ability to «revolutionary reproduction», etc.
Based on the research results, the author introduces the opinion of modern scientists about the active use of obscene vocabulary. In this regard, we are talking, first of all, about the reasons for its taboo by our ancestors, then about the functional features of the use of obscene vocabulary (increasing the emotionality of speech; relieving psychological tension; insulting, humiliating the addressee of speech, etc.); in addition, about the negative impact of swear words on the physical and emotional state of a person; about the causes of the survivability of speech obscenities, etc.
Systematizing the available research, the author formulates the possible consequences and risks of the «expletive pandemic», such as: the adoption of profanity as a norm (against the background of cultural polymorphism); the formation of language poverty; the understanding of the mat as a kind of manifestation of subcultural extremism; the presentation of spontaneous profanity as an indicator of intolerance, aggression and violence in society itself.
According to the author, according to numerous surveys, modern Russian society is indifferent, indifferent, in different ways, but, for the most part, takes obscene vocabulary for granted. The author expresses confidence in the need to immediately prevent the spread of the expletive pandemic by all available means.