Suchergebnisse

The article is devoted to the analysis of the correlation between the figures of the real author and the fictional author-narrator in the novel by M.Yu. Lermontov A Hero of Our Time. It is shown that as a result of the inclusion in the text of the second edition of the novel (1841) of the author's preface, containing Lermontov's polemic with the reviewers of the first edition, there was an interference of the "I" of the real creator of the work and the "I" of the fictional author, to whom the stories Bela, Princess Mary and the preface to the diary of the protagonist are attributed. It is significant that some of the biographical features of Lermontov and the fictional author coincide, and the two prefaces overlap. Thanks to all this, the effect of a non-trivial literary game arose, based on the illusion of the authenticity of the events set forth in the novel: the real author seems to get acquainted with
Pechorin. This game is fundamentally different from the Sternian play and violation of the boundaries of the real and the fictional in A.S. Pushkin's Eugene Onegin, whose main characters are represented both by real persons and creations of the author's imagination. Unlike Pushkin and many contemporary Russian prose writers, Lermontov does not expose, but, on the contrary, hides the fictional, purely literary nature of his narrative. At the same time, the creator of A Hero of Our Time does not resort to literary hoax, does not directly try to pass off either the first-level narrator or Pechorin as the real authors of the novel or part of it. The story of A. von Chamisso The Extraordinary Story of Peter Schlemil could serve as a model for such a game, in which the central character, who tells a fantastic story of the events of his life, is an acquaintance of the author and his real-life friends.

Восстание Ната Тернера, произошедшее в августе 1831 года в округе Саутгемптон, штат Вирджиния, является одним из самых знаковых и в то же время хорошо изученных и задокументированных событий американской истории. Тем не менее, можно с уверенностью утверждать, что в отечественной американистике должного внимания ему никогда не уделялось. До настоящего времени не вышло ни одного масштабного исследования. Даже сам ход восстания в русскоязычной литературе описан крайне поверхностно и, в основном, в публицистических работах, являющихся в большинстве своем переводом или компиляцией нескольких американских журналистских материалов. В данной статье автор попытался восполнить указанный пробел и восстановить общую картину и хронику событий, опираясь на источники и работы ведущих зарубежных специалистов по направлению «Афроамериканская история» (Black History) ⁎ . В статье подробно прослеживается маршрут продвижения группы мятежников по округу Саутгемптон и основные события, происходившие в активной фазе восстания, т.е. в период с 22 часов 21 августа до 5 часов утра 23 августа 1831 г. При этом вопросы выявления причин и предпосылок, а также непосредственной подготовки восстания автор намеренно опускает, фокусируясь исключительно на описании хода вооруженного выступления рабов. Автором предложена собственная периодизация восстания, а также определен круг причин его поражения.
Nat Turner's Rebellion that took place in Southampton County, Virginia, in August 1831 is one of the most iconic and at the same time well-studied and documented events in American history. Nevertheless, it is safe to say that Russian American studies have never paid due attention to this issue. Not a single major study has been published so far. Even the course of the rebellion is described in Russian-language literature in a superficial manner mainly in popular science and journalistic works, which are mostly translations or compilations of several American journalistic materials. In this article, the author tried to fill this gap and to reconstruct the overall picture and chronicle of events, relying on the sources and works of leading foreign experts in the field of African American History (Black History).⁎ The article retraces in detail the advance of the rebel group through Southampton County and the main events that took place in the active phase of the rebellion, i.e. in the period between 10 p.m. on August 21 and 5 a.m. on August 23, 1831. The author deliberately omits the questions of identifying the causes and prerequisites of the rebellion as well as its immediate preparation, focusing exclusively on the description of the course of the armed slave uprising. The author proposes his own periodization of the rebellion and also determines the range of reasons for its defeat.

The article presents the International conference Language, Culture,
Creativity in Transdisciplinary Dimensions: Traditions and Innovations, which took
place on October 22‒24, 2021 in Minsk (Belarus) and was dedicated to the 90th anniversary of the birth of prof. V.N. Teliya and the 100th anniversary of the Belarusian
State University. The article contains a brief overview of a wide range of problems of modern linguistics, phraseology, linguoculturology, lexicography, which became
the subject of discussion in plenary and sectional reports, as well as during the round
table.

The article is devoted to the development of approaches to the legal qualification of the consent to harm in German doctrine and case law. The author explores the problems of the transactional theory of consent, based on the provisions of the German Civil Code and dogmatically formulated in the work of E. Zitelmann. The article describes the early case law of the German high courts on the consent to harm. The author generalizes critique of the transactional theory of consent in the doctrine and describes a departure from it in the case law of the mid-20th century in Germany. The author dwells in detail on various non-transactional approaches to the qualification of consent presented in the works of K. Larentz, E. Schenke, O. Bucher and W. Münzberg. The article describes a modern approach to consent based on the teleological reduction of some rules on transactions. The author comes to the conclusion that the development of doctrinal views on consent to harm in Germany proceeded dialectically: from the transactional qualification of consent through non-transactional approaches to the limited application of certain rules on transactions. The author suggests to qualify consent to harm as a transaction with some reservations.

This article examines some current problems of EU and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). Also this article generalize and illustrate in new way long waves hypothesis. The author suggests a non-customary approach to the study and forecasting of the economic life within the framework of Kondratieff approaches. Cyclical patterns were successfully used by the author in the business and in the banking sphere. Taking into account long waves, in 2009 the author warned about the possible economic crises in Russia in 2014-2015, 2020 and such crises actually happened. The aim of this article is the systematization and the adaptation of long waves approaches to the study of many acute economic problems. The hypothesis of long waves was used by the author but only as a general empirical reference point. It touches on many actual problems of world development, including the decrease of global FDI and the growth of centrifugal forces in the EU. The question is raised about the large-scale spread of coronavirus. The rapid spread of COVID-19 could have been connected with high global instability in addition to other well-known factors. Taking into account Kondratieff's waves and many years of the author's experience in the Russian business and in the Russian banking sphere, the author touches on a long unfavorable period of economic instability in Russian economy. Some economic advices to regulators and business in Russia are provided. Also the author concludes that it is necessary to continue studying the Kondratieff long wave hypothesis with the aim of its further successful use in forecasting.

The set of credit goods and services is changing to meet the demand of users, however, if there is enough information about generation X and Y — the parents of modern «zoomers» («zoomers» are representatives of generation Z) and they have already shown their credit behavior, then generation Z is new customers of banks and there are no exact characteristics of their credit behavior yet.
The aim of the work was to study the behavior of generation Z, in accordance with the theory of U. Strauss and N. Howe, in order to make a forecast of zoomer's credit behavior based on the information received. At the first stage of the study, information about the behavior of generation Z in different spheres of their lives was collected and analyzed, as well as the conditions of the surrounding reality in which they live, and how it affects them. The article reveals that generation Z was born in a relatively quiet period, they grew up simultaneously with the active development of technology and the Internet, so since childhood, speed in everything is important for them. Representatives of the generation like a creative approach to the presentation of information, do not like physical labor and are ready to work remotely or as freelancers. The author of the article separately noted that at a young age, the «zoomers» witnessed global changes in the world: coronavirus, exams in online format, a special military operation, partial mobilization, which affected their expectations of the world. Representatives of Z are ready to raise the global problems of the planet for discussion and present solutions to these problems. In order to determine the attitude of «zoomers» to loans and identify their values, at the second stage of the study, a survey of representatives of generation Z «Credit behavior of Yaroslavl residents» was conducted (August — September 2023). Yaroslavl, the sample is spontaneous (N = 570), the age of respondents is from 17 to 22 years, of which 47 % are men and 53 % are women. Among the respondents, 87 % receive higher education, 5 % receive secondary vocational education, 8 % receive secondary general education.
Method of collecting information: oral survey and on-line questionnaire. As a result of the study of the generation of «zoomers», the author of the article revealed that education will be important for them in order to keep up with the realities of the time and possess key, in-demand competencies. Generation Z is ready to take out a loan on a smartphone to always stay in touch with the outside world. A personal car, as the third purchase in the popularity rating of «zoomers», must necessarily reflect their individuality and be eco-friendly. This generation will open up new approaches to the consumption of goods, the attitude to the disposal of funds and their accumulation.

The author considers the concept of «pensionary good» and the specifics of its production at the state and non-state levels. The purpose of the study is to analyze the actions aimed at creating a «pensionary good» under the influence of incentives and coercion. Drawing on the theory of goods, the author comes to conclusion that the elements of pensionary good can be produced in the form of public goods, merit goods, club goods and private goods. The author identifies the specifics of pensionary good structure at the analyzed levels and shows that national pension in the Russian Federation is based on coercion, with stimulation being of secondary importance. Non-state-funded retirement also uses the coercion and incentives. It has been established that coercion and incentives provide contradictory results as mechanisms used in the process of producing a pensionary good. While preparing the article, the author used the data from the Federal Statistic Service, the Pension Fund of Russia and various sociological surveys and scientific works on pensions and insurance. The conclusions of the study may be useful for further research on the development of Russian pension system.

The corpus of political science problems related to the development, security, and sovereignty of the state, which stimulates the increased interest of both government structures and representatives of the scientific community, also includes a new concept of 'food miles.' The deconstruction method and comparative analysis applied by the author showed that the semantic foundation of the terminological unit under consideration is based on the neorealist paradigm of international relations. The author seeks not only to highlight the epistemological gaps of the concept, but also to convert them into competitive advantages, thus contributing to the discourse related to the construction of 'improved food miles.' In the empirical part of the research, the author chose the agricultural policy of the Moscow region as an example, in particular, fixing the low food self-sufficiency of the region, compensated both by the intra-national commodity movement and the import of basic foodstuffs. For the first time, the dependence on the intensive import of foreign food products into the subject of the Russian Federation was compared with the degree of environmental damage identified using mathematical methods. The author concludes that the concept of 'food miles,' having replenished the categorical and conceptual apparatus of political science and the theory of international relations, can be used as a mechanism of 'green protectionism,' activating the protection of national interests and stimulating the diversification of domestic agroecological production. As a recommendation to state bodies, the author offers a plan of amendments to legislative acts, as well as a graphic project of ecological labeling of food products.

The article analyzes the concept of gross negligence in the occurrence of an insured event and its legal significance for liability insurance. The broad interpretation of gross negligence in judicial practice leads to an increase in the number of cases of refusal to pay insurance compensation. For this reason, customs representatives and other professional participants in the turnover cannot use insurance protection in situations for which such protection is provided. Using the examples of judicial practice, the author substantiates the need to analyze all elements of the insured event as a whole, and not only the behavior of the party preceding this case, when determining gross negligence. In addition, in the article the author touches upon the currently relevant issue of the admissibility of providing in the contract the possibility of releasing the insurer from the payment of compensation. The author comes to the conclusion that the rules regarding gross negligence in the occurrence of an insured event should be considered imperative, because this form of guilt does not exclude the randomness characteristic of insurance relations. According to the author, the rules of Article 959 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation allow to protect the interests of the insurer in connection with the increased risk of an insured event due to gross negligence.

Judging by numerous publications, which, among other things, contain the results of sociological surveys, in the age of the finest technologies, our society has been «covered» by a pandemic of profanity.
The author of the article attempts to analyze what is happening from a scientific point of view, namely: to study the origins and get acquainted with the nature of the phenomenon, its vitality and ability to «revolutionary reproduction», etc.
Based on the research results, the author introduces the opinion of modern scientists about the active use of obscene vocabulary. In this regard, we are talking, first of all, about the reasons for its taboo by our ancestors, then about the functional features of the use of obscene vocabulary (increasing the emotionality of speech; relieving psychological tension; insulting, humiliating the addressee of speech, etc.); in addition, about the negative impact of swear words on the physical and emotional state of a person; about the causes of the survivability of speech obscenities, etc.
Systematizing the available research, the author formulates the possible consequences and risks of the «expletive pandemic», such as: the adoption of profanity as a norm (against the background of cultural polymorphism); the formation of language poverty; the understanding of the mat as a kind of manifestation of subcultural extremism; the presentation of spontaneous profanity as an indicator of intolerance, aggression and violence in society itself.
According to the author, according to numerous surveys, modern Russian society is indifferent, indifferent, in different ways, but, for the most part, takes obscene vocabulary for granted. The author expresses confidence in the need to immediately prevent the spread of the expletive pandemic by all available means.

The article deals with the political views of Ivan Vasilievich Kireevsky in connection with the history of censorship prohibition of the journal "European" published by him. The text of the report due to which the journal was closed is analyzed. Special attention is paid to the idea of "merging minds together", interpreted in the text of the denunciation as the basis of Republican beliefs. The author reconstructs Kireevsky's political views in the context of the influence of German romantic ideas on Russian social thought in the first half of the XIX century. The author clarifies Kireevsky's attitude to the ideals of the Great French Revolution and concludes that his views are opposed to the radical vector of the European Enlightenment as a whole. The author demonstrates the historical context in which the views of young Kireevsky are formed, and focuses on the contrast between the Enlightenment and the Romanticism era, which is associated in Russia with the counter-enlightenment reaction of the times of the Holy Union. The author reconstructs Kireevsky's religious and philosophical views, which, following V.S. Solovyov, are characterized as philosophical, romantic Christianity. Kireevsky's ideas are compared with those of representatives of other trends of Russian social thought that were influenced by German Romanticism − theorists of official conservatism, as well as P.Ya. Chaadaev. Their conceptual differences in understanding the relationship between "world" and "national" are revealed. The author demonstrates Kireevsky's socio-political concept, in which the "organic" development of people's life is contrasted with the "violent" establishment of social institutions. It is concluded that the primacy of spiritual unity over political aspirations in Kireevsky's worldview leads him away from both republican beliefs and official imperial conservatism.

The article reveals the conceptual defects of the designed and currently law-supported budget three-year plan — 2021–2023. Among them, the author includes the authorities' desire to continue using a rigid budget rule and the implementation of tax maneuvers. The author argues that there is a direct link between the effects of the budget rule and deceleration of the GDP growth in Russia. Overcoming the country-specific recession and the problem of excessive focus of the Russian economy on natural resource extraction should arguably be driven by an increased share of the government spending on its diversification, which requires a substantial relaxation or cancelling of the budget rule. The author concludes that the tax maneuver presents a barrier to curing the «Dutch disease» of the country's economy and therefore requires serious corrections while preserving excise duties on oil and gas exports and to the contrary, reducing the natural resource extraction tax rates.

In the article, the author considers the qualimetric assessment of public services as one of the parameters of the effectiveness of social policy in Kyrgyzstan. Based on the analysis of the received information materials, the author suggests ways to improve the mechanisms of activity and modernize the assessment of the local self-government performance index to provide a new approach to measuring the analysis and improvement of social policy in the field of public services, which can consequently provide support in solving social, political and economic problems.

The article analyzes the problems of charity development in the world and in Russia over the past 25 years. The research reveals the issues of citizens' involvement in various forms of philanthropy and the specifi cs of national policy in this area. The author of the article examines the dynamics of increasing public confidence in NPOs and various charitable organizations, as well as identifi es new methods and means of providing support and donations to organizations in need. The author also analyzes the statistical database for the specifi ed time period.

The article is dedicated to the memory of MSU Professor Sergei Mikhailovich Korneev in connection with the 100th anniversary of his birth. Grateful memory allows the author to turn over the pages of his life history, emphasizing the huge contribution to the training of students working at universities in various parts of our country today. With the versatility of scientific interests and the presence of numerous works, S. M. Korneev, according to the author, had a special attitude to the doctrine of state property law created by him. Having singled out the fundamental characteristics of state property law as an economic phenomenon from the works of Professor Korneev, the author made an attempt to search for their development in the works of modern foreign civilists. And this attempt was crowned with success, because on the pages of the publication it was possible to prove that the professor's ideas, even if not in an absolute form, are making their way, demonstrating the development in the research of modern foreign authors.