Suchergebnisse

The article deals with Brazilian participation, as a non-member State, in the activities of the International Refugee Organization (IRO). The author examines first the historical, political & legal context of both the establishment & the mandate of the IRO. He then uses primary sources researched at the Historical Archive of the Brazilian Ministry of Foreign Affairs to analyze the internal decision-making, enforcement & outcomes of Brazilian foreign policy relating to the protection of refugees between 1946 & 1952. References. Adapted from the source document.

In almost four decades of diplomatic service (1941-1980), Jose Calvet de Magalhaes came to deal very closely with the Luso-American connection He was also the author of a significant number of books & essays covering this critical area of contemporary Portuguese foreign policy. Our essay has two main goals: the first is to examine his role in the negotiations that led to the conclusion of the "Azores agreement" of December 1971; secondly, we will try to assess if the quid pro quo negotiated between the Caetano government & the Nixon administration was a good bargain for Portugal in those circumstances. Adapted from the source document.

In the year that will see the end of Kofi Anna's mandate, this article seeks to give some perspective to the role of the UN Secretary General taking into account both the power structure of the Organization & international context rapidly changing. Firstly, the usual mechanisms of selection of the S-G are examined, & some thought is given to the different ways in which the issue has been addressed by the great powers, in particular by the U.S.A. The author also reviews the potential candidates being discussed in the corridors of world diplomacy & presents some hypotheses as to what can be expected from Kofi Annan's successor. Adapted from the source document.

After a review of the concept of economic growth as a historical process beginning with the capitalist revolution and the formation of the modern national states, the author claims that growth is almost invariably the outcome of a national development strategy. Effective economic development occurs historically when the different social classes are able to cooperate and formulate an effective stretegy to promote growth and face international competition. It follows a discussion of the main characteristics and of the basic tensions that such strategies face in the central countries which first developed, and in the underdeveloped countries, which, besides their domestic problems, confront major challenges in their relations with the rich countries. (Rev Econ Polit/GIGA)

The Brazilian federal judiciary offers an interesting riddle to scholars of judicial politics and policy change. While the courts have played a major policy role over the past two decades, constraining and altering federal policy across a range of subjects, the court system has simultaneously been labeled "dysfunctional." This paper investigates this riddle: a system plagued by major systemic flaws in its day-to-day operations, which nonetheless still manages to exert a powerful influence on public policy in Brazil. The author adopts a new institutional perspective, focusing on how the institutional and normative structure within which judges and other legal actors operate affects policy outcomes. (Rev Econ Polit/GIGA)

This article discusses the problematic aspects of Portuguese foreign policy towards Angola. Its basic tenets are assessed through a discussion of key moments in bilateral relations since 1975, particularly the period of reconfiguration following the end of the Cold War (1990-95). The article concludes, firstly, that in the last decade & a half, a series of factors has resulted in an Angola policy that scarcely contributes towards the prestige & national interest of Portugal; & secondly, that pragmatic interest groups from Portugal sustain their successful presence in the Angolan economy through this very policy, & actively seek to perpetuate it. The author suggests that the bilateral rapport as it stands should be thoroughly redefined. Adapted from the source document.

O ARTIGO resume o itinerário do autor como historiador da Literatura Brasileira, teórico de poesia e estudioso de nossa formação cultural. Os momentos iniciais desse percurso recebem particular atenção: o estudo da Estética de Croce, o conhecimento da filosofia marxista de Gramsci, a influência do existencialismo cristão no final dos anos de 1950 e o engajamento na política de esquerda no Brasil dos anos de 1960 e 1970. Como docente de Literatura Italiana, o autor escreveu teses sobre Pirandello e Leopardi, ambas inéditas. Trabalhando no campo da história literária, na esteira da obra de Otto Maria Carpeaux, examinou as relações dialéticas entre ideologia e poesia e ideologia e narrativa, o que lhe abriu caminho para o seu conceito de literatura como resistência. Ao elaborar a Dialética da Colonização, dedicou-se ao estudo das tensões que marcam a história das ideologias no Brasil. ; THIS ESSAY summarizes the author's itinerary as historian of Brazilian literature, theoretician of poetry and scholar of our cultural heritage. The initial moments of this career merit special attention: the study of Croce's aesthetics, the first acquaintance with Gramsci's Marxist philosophy, the influence of Christian Existentialism in the late 1950s, and the political engagement in leftist politics in Brazil in the 1960s and 70s. As professor of Italian Literature, the author has written theses on Pirandello and Leopardi, which remain unpublished. As a student of literary history, in the wake Otto Maria Carpeaux's work, the author examines the dialectic relationships between ideology and poetry, and ideology and prose, which led to his concept of literature as resistance. When writing the Dialectics of Colonization, he immersed himself in the study of the tensions that distinguish the history of ideologies in Brazil.

Through an analysis of diplomatic relations between the two old allies in a critical period of the 20th century the author seeks to understand the resilience of the Portuguese Estado Novo in an Europe to which World War II had brought drastic change. Such changes were not sufficient to sway a regime that, having managed to remain removed from the conflict, now worked to appear as a lesser evil in a Europe in turmoil. The approach to the Allies made in the final phase of the war on the basis of the historical ties binding the country to Great Britain, paved the way for a new phase in the relations with the U.S.A., which would materialize with the invitation for Portugal to join the Atlantic Alliance. Adapted from the source document.

This article focuses on the contribution of the Council of Europe (CoE) to the promotion & safeguard of democracy, human rights & the rule of law in Western & Eastern Europe. It is divided in two sections. The first one is an account of how the Council developed a pattern of open & flexible inclusion of new & fragile democracies in the "European political mainstream," without ceasing to promote the development of civil society. The cases chosen here are the relations established with the Iberian states & those of Central & Eastern Europe. Section two highlights some of the legal & institutional innovations brought along with the existence of the CoE & the European Convention of Human Rights. In its conclusion, the author outlines a set of considerations for further reflection on the role of the Council of Europe in the post-9/11 world. Adapted from the source document.

THE AUTHOR describes Florestan Fernandes' intellectual biography in three phases. The first phase, which she calls the "cientific-academic stage", covers the period 1941-1968. The second phase, the "political-revolutionary stage", corresponds to the years 1970-1986. Finally, the third phase is what she calls the "lonely militant stage" (1986-1995), in which all facets of Fernandes' itinerary come together under the heading of the "intellectual", in Jürgen Habermas' definition. ; A AUTORA descreve a biografia intelectual de Florestan Fernandes em três etapas. A primeira, que ela designa "fase científico-acadêmica", abrange o período 1941-1968. A segunda, a "fase político-revolucionária", corresponde aos anos 1970-1986. Por fim, na terceira etapa, que ela chama de "fase solitário-militante" (1986-1995), todas as facetas do itinerário de Fernandes se unem sob o título "intelectual", segundo a definição de Jürgen Habermas.