Suchergebnisse

La autora establece el arbitraje doble ciego, para la evaluación de los trabajos presentados a las revistas especializadas, como uno de los procedimientos de validación más aceptados en el ámbito de la investigación científica. Explica como se aplica ese procedimiento en Información, cultura y sociedad: revista del Instituto de Investigaciones Bibliotecológicas (FFyL-UBA). Desde la perspectiva de ciertos cuestionamientos planteados respecto de este procedimiento, presenta ciertos cambios que, en forma lenta, se van produciendo en los modos de la comunicación científica: archivos abiertos con evaluaciones voluntarias, confianza en comités editoriales para la selección de artículos. Las ventajas son la democratización del conocimiento y la rapidez de su publicación. Sin negar que el arbitraje tradicional no puede evitar plagios, supercherías o arbitrariedades, se afirma que, hasta el momento, se ha mostrado eficaz, sobretodo cuando se garantiza el anonimato de quienes intervienen. ; The author discusses the double-blind arbitration, for the evaluation of work submitted to journals, as one of the most widely accepted validation procedures in the field of scientific research. She explains how this kind of management procedural is in information, cultura y sociedad: revista del Instituto de Investigaciones Bibliotecológicas (FFyL-UBA). From the perspective of certain questions raised about this procedure., the evaluation system has some slow changes in harmony with the changes in the modes of scientific communication: open files with voluntary assessments, reliance on editorial boards for the selection of items. The advantages are the democratization of knowledge and speed of publication. Without denying that traditional evaluation can't stop kidnappings, frauds or arbitrariness, it is stated that so far has been effective, especially when it guarantees the anonymity of those involved in the process.

Der Beitrag berichtet über die Ergebnisse zweier Studien, die den Zusammenhang zwischen staatsbürgerlichen Wissen und zivilgesellschaftlichen Orientierungen - hauptsächlich die Einstellung gegenüber Fremden - näher untersuchen. In der ersten quasi-experimentellen Studie wird den Effekten von kognitiven Komponenten (Wissen) auf die (politischen) Einstellungen (Attitüden) in ihrer Varianz vom Alter bei Adoleszenten nachgegangen, während die zweite Studie mittels einer Befragung von Schülern die Korrelation zwischen schulischer Leistung und den Einstellungen untersucht. Beide Studien zeigen, dass staatsbürgerkundliches Wissen nur eine geringe Rolle bei der Entwicklung einer toleranten Einstellung gegenüber Ausländern spielt. Die geringe Relevanz der traditionellen staatsbürgerkundlichen Erziehung erzwingt für den Autor eine grundsätzliche Revision der Ziele und Curricula politischer Bildung. (ICA). Die Untersuchung enthält quantitative Daten. Die Untersuchung bezieht sich auf den Zeitraum 2002 bis 2004.;;;Different ways in which school may affect adolescents' attitudes are briefly addressed, with a particular focus on the acquisition of knowledge. After that, some empirical findings are presented that shed light on the role which knowledge may play in the formation of tolerance in the political and social domain. ... In the following... two examples, taken from the research, that address the relationship between civic knowledge and civic orientations, namely concerning attitudes towards foreigners [are presented]. In the first study, an experimental intervention is used to examine the effects of knowledge on attitudes, while checking for spurious associations due to age-graded changes in both variables. Based on a larger set of questionnaire data collected in schools, the second study examines correlations between knowledge and attitudes depending on the students' grade levels. [The author concludes], if knowledge has any effect on tolerance, this seems to be mainly the case among students in the higher-grade levels. It has to be noted that the research presented could contribute to [the] thinking about civic socialization in school, but it falls short of providing conclusive evidence. More research is needed before arriving at a solid judgment on information-based civic instruction as a way to foster students' tolerance. (DIPF/orig.).

El presente informe ha servido de base para la realización del proyecto de investigación "Desarrollo de sistemas mejorados de extracción de biomasa forestal para su aprovechamiento energético dentro de una gestión sostenible del monte" que el autor ha desarrollado en el Institut für Forstbenutzung und Forstliche Arbeitwissenshaft de la Universidad Albert Ludwigs de Freiburg (Alemania) gracias a una beca postdoctoral concedida por el Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia del gobierno de España. En él se define lo que se entiende como residuo forestal, se describen los sistemas de extracción de biomasa forestal residual derivadas de las operaciones convencionales realizadas en la gestión del monte y se plantea la metodología empleada para su valoración. Se expone cómo se pueden estimar parámetros que permiten predecir la biomasa potencial que se puede obtener de un determinado monte en las operaciones habituales de su gestión: aprovechamiento maderero, limpieza de monte bajo, creación de cortafuegos, construcción caminos o pistas forestales. ; This report has been the base for the research project "Development of improved systems for harvesting energy wood in the framework of a sustainable forest management" which has been carried out by the author in the Institut für Forstbenutzung und Forstliche Arbeitwissenshaft of the University Albert Ludwigs of Freiburg (Germany) by mean of a postdoctoral grant from the Ministry of Education and Science of Spanish government. In this report the concept of "forest residue" is defined. Systems for the extraction of forest residual biomass coming from conventional operations in the forest management are described, and a methodology for their appraisal is proposed. Procedures to estimate parameters for predicting the potential biomass that can be obtained in regular operations in the forest management: timber, thinning, firebreaks and construction of forest roads, are presented.

La revolución de 1930 es considerada por la historiografía como el mito fundamental del fascismo argentino, expuesto, particularmente, en una ideología corporativista y en un proyecto constitucional que pretendió instaurar el corporativismo. Contra esta visión, en el trabajo se sostiene que se trató en realidad de un movimiento conservador y liberal, a pesar de las influencias nacionalistas en sus orígenes, pero antirradical y anti yrigoyenista, defensor del sistema partidocrático. Para ello el autor ha recurrido a las fuentes de la ideología revolucionaria (Gral. Uriburu, Matías Sánchez Sorondo, Carlos Ibarguren, Juan Carulla, La Nueva República, etc.), y a los proyectos y documentos de corte legislativo y constitucional de la misma revolución (Manifiesto de la reforma constitucional, Decreto de 4 de agosto de 1931, etc.), con el propósito de refutar los errores ideológicos de la historiografía reinante. ; The historiography considers the Argentina 1930 revolution as the fascist fundamental myth specifically explicated in a corporatist ideology as in a constitutional project that intended to introduce the corporatism. Against this point of view, the article stands that this revolution was in deed a conservative and a liberal movement, against the Radical Party and his leader Hipólito Yrigoyen, a movement that defended the party system of government, nevertheless the nationalistic ideas in its beginnings. The intention of the author is to refute the current historiography assertions using the sources of the revolutionary ideology (Gen. Uriburu, Matías Sánchez Sorondo, Carlos Ibarguren, Juan Carulla, The New Republic newspaper, etc.), and different revolutionary legal and constitutional projects and documents (The Constitutional Reform Manifesto, the August 4 of 1931 decree, etc.). ; Fil: Segovia, Juan Fernando. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas

AbstractAbstract: This article explores the development of urban and interurban identities in fln-de-siècle East Central Europe as alternative sources of identity that do not fit simply within standard national-historical narratives. The author focuses on Cracow as an example of this trend. Analyzing three popular illustrated newspapers from the city, he argues that thanks to popular press representations of the big city at home and abroad, as well as the experience of urban life itself, Cracovians began to develop distinct urban and interurban identities. The mass circulation press was a major vehicle in fostering and developing a shared sense of modem, urban identity among its readers. How were modem metropolitan identities created in East Central Europe in the decades before the Great War, and how were such identifications informed by tropes already in use elsewhere? In general, scholarship about East Central Europe for this period has focused on the question of nationalism and its relation to politics. Even in studies of urban centers, like Prague, Budapest, and Vienna, nationality issues have often had precedence.' This is not unwarranted, as national identification defined many of the terms of urban interaction in the ethnically diverse cities of the region. But what if strong urban and interurban identities also arose during this period, identities that overlapped with, and at times even supplanted, national ones? "Islands in a sea of rural, peasant settlements," the large cities of East Central Europe were qualitatively different from the landscape that surrounded them, as Ivan Berend has observed.2 It should come as no surprise that as their citizens became accustomed to life in the city, they recognized these differences. In their introduction to The City in Central Europe, Malcolm Gee, Tim Kirk, and Jill Steward

In this paper the Author makes a review of the most important funerary monuments which gave hospitality in Rome to slaves and freedmen of the Rubria gens. The starting point is a not very wellknown urban inscription, CIL, VI 36262, that concerns the building or more probably the acquisition and enlargement of a big familiar sepulchrum on the via Appia.The attention payed to this and another Roman tomb of Publii and Titii Rubrii on the via Portuensis is the starting point to an analysis concerning the origin of this senatorial family; her different ascending and descending branches; her history and political rise; her economical interests which could have been large and solid; and the significant social role of women (Rubriae, in this case) more and more engaged on building investments in Rome, starting from the Ist and the beginning of the IInd Cent. A.D. ; La presente ricerca si articola in tre parti che riguardano rispettivamente: alcuni complessi sepolcrali degli schiavi e liberti dei Rubrii a Roma sulla via Portuense e sulla via Appia; il testo dell'iscrizione CIL, VI 36262, le sue possibili integrazioni e interpretazioni; il ramo dei Publii e dei Titi della medesima gens, le sue origini, la sua ascesa e l'attività di costruzione dei suoi sepolcri familiari. Per i Rubrii dell'Appia, come quelli della via Portuense, la costruzione o piuttosto l'acquisto, l'ampliamento e gli intervente successivi sul proprio monumento sepolcrale e sulle sue pertinente costituirono, alla fine del I secolo dell'epoca imperiale, uno strumento efficace per riflettere il prestigio e la notorietà raggiunta dalla gens di appartenenza e parallelamente fornirono un'eccellente opportunità per dare rilievo anche ai suoi membri di più modesta condizione.

El presente trabajo pretende valorar el alcance y profundidad de la represión sufrida por el primer cuerpo de funcionarias de Prisiones de la historia de España, el creado por la directora general Victoria Kent en 1932, a manos de las autoridades franquistas en la inmediata posguerra (1939-1945). El autor sostiene que la polarización política experimentada por este cuerpo durante la guerra civil derivó en una represión sin parangón posible con la represión previa sufrida por las jefes y oficiales desafectas con la República. Exilio, cárcel o incluso ejecución fue la suerte que esperaba a un gran número de funcionarias que se habían significado a favor del régimen republicano. Algunas de ellas, sin embargo, a cambio de sus servicios al bando rebelde durante la contienda, fueron recompensadas con su promoción profesional en el nuevo universo penitenciario franquista. ; This work attempts to assess the depth and the implications of the repression suffered by the first section of the female Prison officers in Spain, created by the Prison Director Victoria Kent in 1932, from the Franquist power during the inmediate Post-War (1939-1945). The author holds that the political polarization experienced by this corps during the Civil War resulted in a kind of repression whithout comparison with the previous repression suffered by the Prison chiefs and officers opposed to the Republican regime. Exile, imprisonment or even execution was the fate reserved to a great number of female officers that had made clear their support to Republican Government. Some of them, nevertheless, were rewarded with a proffesional promotion within the Franquist Prison System in return for their services to the Rebel camp during the conflict.

The author discusses the double-blind arbitration, for the evaluation of work submitted to journals, as one of the most widely accepted validation procedures in the field of scientific research. She explains how this kind of management procedural is in information, cultura y sociedad: revista del Instituto de Investigaciones Bibliotecológicas (FFyL-UBA). From the perspective of certain questions raised about this procedure., the evaluation system has some slow changes in harmony with the changes in the modes of scientific communication: open files with voluntary assessments, reliance on editorial boards for the selection of items. The advantages are the democratization of knowledge and speed of publication. Without denying that traditional evaluation can't stop kidnappings, frauds or arbitrariness, it is stated that so far has been effective, especially when it guarantees the anonymity of those involved in the process. ; La autora establece el arbitraje doble ciego, para la evaluación de los trabajos presentados a las revistas especializadas, como uno de los procedimientos de validación más aceptados en el ámbito de la investigación científica. Explica como se aplica ese procedimiento en Información, cultura y sociedad: revista del Instituto de Investigaciones Bibliotecológicas (FFyL-UBA). Desde la perspectiva de ciertos cuestionamientos planteados respecto de este procedimiento, presenta ciertos cambios que, en forma lenta, se van produciendo en los modos de la comunicación científica: archivos abiertos con evaluaciones voluntarias, confianza en comités editoriales para la selección de artículos. Las ventajas son la democratización del conocimiento y la rapidez de su publicación. Sin negar que el arbitraje tradicional no puede evitar plagios, supercherías o arbitrariedades, se afirma que, hasta el momento, se ha mostrado eficaz, sobretodo cuando se garantiza el anonimato de quienes intervienen.

The relaxation dynamics of dipropylene glycol and tripropylene glycol (nPG—n=2,3) water solutions on the nPG-rich side has been studied by broadband dielectric spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry in the temperature range of 130–280K. Two relaxation processes are observed for all the hydration levels; the slower process (I) is related to the α relaxation of the solution whereas the faster one (II) is associated with the reorientation of water molecules in the mixture. Dielectric data for process (II) at temperatures between 150 and 200K indicate the existence of a critical water concentration (xc) below which water mobility is highly restricted. Below xc, nPG-water domains drive the dielectric signal whereas above xc, water-water domains dominate the dielectric response at low temperatures. The results also show that process (II) at low temperatures is due to local motions of water molecules in the glassy frozen matrix. Additionally, we will show that the glass transition temperatures (Tg) for aqueous PG, 2PG, and 3PG solutions do not extrapolate to ∼136K, regardless of the extrapolation method. Instead, we find that the extrapolated Tg value for water from these solutions lies in the neighborhood of 165K. ; Three of the authors (S.C., G.A.S., and A.A.) acknowledge the support of the University of Basque Country and the Basque Government: Project No. UPV/EHU, 00206.215 13568/2001 and the Spanish Ministry of Education Project No. MAT2004-01017. Another author (J.S.) is a Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Research fellow supported by a grant from Kunt and Alice Wallenberg Foundation. The Swedish Research Council and the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research are also acknowledged for financial support. REFERENCES ; Peer reviewed

PurposeIt is observed that the slow onslaught disasters do not normally catch media attention as these often do not result in human casualties. Inadequate media attention results in insufficient rehabilitation support for the victims. The paper aims at highlighting the problem of ground subsidence in the Himalayan terrain together with the hardships of the victims.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on the detailed field investigations carried out by the author in the remote Himalayan habitations of Garbyang in Dharchula block of Pithoragarh, Talla Dhumar and Umli‐Bhandarigaon in Munsyari block of Pithoragarh and Bagi in Uttarkashi district in the state of Uttaranchal in India. All these habitations are being affected by ground subsidence and the inhabitants of these villages are facing severe resource crisis.FindingsGarbyang village in Central Himalaya is observed to be situated over the varve deposits laid down in the proglacial lake abutting against Chialekh ridge and is witnessing the problem of ground subsidence resulting in the destruction of the once thriving and prosperous habitation. The studies relate the subsidence at Garbyang with the seismicity in the region as also the subsequent toe erosion and downslope mass movement. The other sites discussed in the paper are witnessing the problem of ground subsidence due to the active toe erosion by rivers and streams.Research limitations/implicationsThere exist no records of the exact date of initiation of the ground subsidence in the investigated areas and these are grossly based on the information provided by the village elders.Originality/valueThe article would help in making the disaster managers responsive to the problems the masses are facing due to ground subsidence in this fragile zone and this would result in mustering resources for reducing the hardships of the masses.

James Flath's The Cult of Happiness is a stimulating and accessible book that contributes to more than one area of current concern in Chinese studies. The author effectively situates his work in relation to developing debates about print culture, alternative conceptions or experiences of modernity, and the relationship of popular culture to markets and to state power. It should also appeal to readers interested more generally in modern Chinese art, history and visual culture.In this general vein, the book would be valuable simply as one of only a very few English-language works that deal with woodcut-printed nianhua or New Year's Pictures. These pictures, which depict a range of subjects from gods to auspiciously fat babies to scenes from legend and history, were a ubiquitous part of Chinese household ritual and decoration well into the 20th century, and are still evoked in a variety of contexts in contemporary Chinese visual culture. For various reasons, they have not received as much scholarly attention as they should, especially in comparison to other popular print traditions, such as their distant Japanese cousins, ukiyo-e prints. As a genre, nianhua are believed to have quite a long history (Chinese sources, for example, often identify a print found in a 12th-century tomb as one of the earliest extent nianhua), and they were certainly made and circulated throughout China. Flath, however, wisely limits his study both temporally and geographically by focusing on the last decades of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th, when the vast majority of nianhua now extant were made, and on north China, which encompasses several of the most influential and best-documented centres of nianhua production.

PurposeSurvival strategy of the masses has led to the evolution of area‐specific, locally pertinent and effective ways of mitigating natural disasters. This vital knowledge base is, however, often ignored and is being fast eroded. The paper aims at highlighting the relevance of these practices that put forth most cost‐effective and acceptable means of mitigating disasters.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on the extensive field studies and in‐depth probe of the traditional resource management practices of the people of the remote Himalayan terrain by the author and it reflects his belief in the acumen of the masses.FindingsThe paper discusses the relevance of the various disaster management practices of the region. During the course of their habitation in the disaster‐prone Himalayan terrain the indigenous people through experience, experimentation and accumulated knowledge devised ways of reducing their vulnerability to natural hazards. Studies show that their understanding was fairly evolved in the areas of earthquake, landslide and drought management and had devised efficient ways of mitigating the effects of these.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper reflects the author's individual understanding and interpretation of the practices based on his interactions with the masses.Practical implicationsImprovisation on the traditional practices of disaster management has a major role to play in putting forth cost‐effective and sustainable means of shielding the community against the impact of natural disasters. This article puts forth an alternative approach of interpreting the traditional practices of the masses and would lead to appropriate innovations for better disaster management in the region.Originality/valueThis paper represents a useful attempt to reinforce the importance of local knowledge in mitigating natural disasters, which is often ignored and is quick to erode.

Written in 1547 to the attention of the duke of Bavaria, the De consolatione of the benedictine Wolfgang Seidel occupies an original place in the tradition of the Fürstenspiegel: for the first time, indeed, in its history, it is the melancholy of the prince, its causes, its effects, its remedies, which are the topic of the work. Articulating moral therapeutics (rules of hygiene, religious exhortation) with the criticism of the abuses of power, the author shows how to reach the peace of mind, condition of the good government. Contrary to a reading inspired by the theses of G. Oestreich on the « social discipline » as component of the process of modernization, this aim of tranquillitas animi and the moral and physical method to reach it do not reveal a stoical influence, but can be explained by the transfer to the person of the prince of the language of the monastic asceticism. ; Ecrit en 1547 à l'attention du duc de Bavière, le De consolatione du bénédiction Wolfgang Seidel occupe une place originale dans la tradition des Fürstenspiegel : pour la première fois, en effet, dans l'histoire du genre, c'est la mélancolie du prince, ses causes, ses effets, les remèdes à y apporter, qui se trouvent au cœur de l'ouvrage. Articulant la thérapeutique morale (règles d'hygiène, exhortation religieuse) avec la critique des abus du pouvoir, l'auteur expose les voies de la sérénité d'esprit, condition du bon gouvernement. Contrairement à une lecture inspirée des thèses de G. Oestreich sur la « discipline sociale » comme élément constitutif du processus de modernisation, cet objectif de tranquillitas animi et la discipline, morale et physique, permettant de l'atteindre ne traduisent pas une influence stoïcienne, mais s'expliquent plutôt par le transfert à la personne du prince du langage de l'ascèse monastique.

Para el autor de este artículo el envío de tropas latinoamericanas a Haití en 2004 fue una decisión desacertada desde el comienzo. Los exiguos logros en materia de orden público en Haití han mostrado los límites de una misión militar cada vez más compleja y azarosa. En efecto, los asesinatos políticos continuaron, la dificultad de desarmar a los distintos grupos paramilitares pertrechados persistió y se fue haciendo imposible contar con un clima mínimo de convivencia. A pesar de los magros resultados en la consecución de los respaldos asistenciales y financieros prometidos por varios países e instituciones y de las deplorables condiciones sociales generadas por la temporada de huracanes, el Consejo de Seguridad de la onu insistió en una solución básicamente militar para hacer frente a la calamitosa situación económica y política en Haití. El siguiente artículo enumera los errores cometidos, revisa la intervención argentina y realiza un balance de la situación al 2005. ; For this author, the sending of Latin American troops to Haiti in 2004 was an unhappy decision from the beginning. The meager achievements in public order have shown the limits of this complex and risky military mission. Indeed, political murders continued, the difficulty in dismantling paramilitary groups persisted, and establishing a climate of minimum coexistence became next impossible. In spite of the paltry results in terms of assistance and financial help promised by several countries and institutions, and of the deplorable social conditions generated by hurricanes, the UN Security Council insisted basically in a military solution to the calamitous economic and political situation in Haiti. This article enumerates the errors committed, revises the Argentinean intervention in Haiti, and assesses the situation up to 2005.

En este artículo, el autor propone como hilo conductor de la vasta obra de N. Bobbio a la filosofía del Derecho y a la filosofía política, dos caminos centrales que pueden ser vistos también como un único camino. Se exponen los rasgos de este hilo conductor en dos pasos sucesivos: primero, describiendo las estrechas relaciones que según Bobbio mantienen la filosofía jurídica y la filosofía política en su propuesta metodológica sobre la estructura temática de una y otra materia; y, segundo, sintetizando los rasgos de su aportación teórica a propósito de los contenidos nucleares de ambas materias: el Derecho y el poder. Entre uno y otro paso se hace una sucinta comparación de las concepciones de Bobbio con algunas teorías contemporáneas y se concluye con algunas reflexiones en torno a la tensión de su realismo "iluminista" o ilustrado. ; The author holds that the central thread in the vast work of N. Bobbio consists of philosophy of law and political philosophy, two main lines which can also be seen as a single one. The features of this thread are shown in two different stages: the first consists in describing the close relationship which according to Bobbio exists between legal philosophy and political philosophy in his methodological proposal on the thematic structure of each of these fields; and, the second, in synthesizing the features of his theoretical contribution on the subject of the core contents of both disciplines: law and power. Between one stage and the next a brief comparison is made between Bobbio's conceptions and some other contemporary theories and the article finishes with some reflections concerning the tension of his "enlightening" or enlightened realism.