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Defence date: 21 January 1994 ; Examining board: Prof. Jean Blondel (EUI, supervisor) ; Prof. Mario Caciagli (Università di Firenze) ; Prof. Yves Mény (EUI) ; Prof. Ferdinand Müller-Rommel (Universität Lüneburg) ; Prof. Alessandro Pizzorno (EUI, co-supervisor) ; First made available online: 22 July 2016

Relazione al Convegno internazionale sul tema "La revisione costituzionale e i suoi limiti. Teoria costituzionale, diritto interno ed esperienze straniere" (Università della Calabria, 22 e 23 maggio 2006). Il saggio muove dalle istanze di riforma costituzionale per tracciare il percorso di "lungo regresso" costituzionale.

The protection of intellectual property is an old and very important right. In this work we discuss the problem of the Document Delivery Service, i.e. the partial reproduction and transmission of papers extracted from journals, conference proceedings or other collections of scientific articles, performed between libraries on behalf of researchers and students. In particular, we analyze the Document Delivery via Internet in the framework of the European Directive 2001/29/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, published on May 22, 2001. ; Questo lavoro analizza gli aspetti legali correlati al diritto di autore nell'ambito delle attivit? di Document Delivery effettuate da biblioteche. Nella prima parte vengono analizzate in dettaglio le componenti di una transazione di document delivery, allo scopo di evidenziare i flussi della copia elettronica ed individuare le componenti per l'analisi giuridica. Nella seconda parte viene analizzato il ruolo delle componenti precedentemente individuate nell'ambito della normativa sul diritto d'autore ed in particolare del recente recente Decreto Legislativo numero 68 del 9 Aprile 2003, che attua la Direttiva del Parlamento Europeo 2001/29 CE, del 22 maggio 2001.

Su Giuseppe Mazzini, figura fondamentale del Risorgimento italiano, si sono versati fiumi d'inchiostro dalla sua morte ad oggi, culminati con Ie celebrazioni del bicentenario della sua nascita avvenuta a Genova il 22 giugno 1805. Sembrerebbe, percio, che tutto sia stato detto e scritto su di lui, e che ben poco sia rimasto da indagare riguardo al1a sua personalita e al suo pensiero. ; peer-reviewed

The author investigates the origin and development of the concept of liberty and its special meaning in the Republican tradition of political thought. The origin of the Western concept of liberty lies in ancient Greece, in the opposition between liberty and slavery conceived after the liberation of Athens from tyranny and the victory over the Persian empire. The author then investigates the Republican notion of liberty that originates in ancient Rome and reaches its peak with Cicero. This conception of liberty emphasizes self-government and partecipation in common deliberation and runs through Western political thought up to Rousseau, Tocqueville and the authors of the Federalist Papers.

The author proposes a key of interpretation of the post — modern age not as a mere cultural attitude but as an effective philosophical horizon of our time. Two considerations are needed in order to define it: the proclaimed impossibility of a one-way description of reality, and the conviction of the existence of a plurality of conceptual schemes which can not be absolutely reduced one to the other. Therefore postmodernism severely limits the possibility of analysing notions such as liberty, justice and good, which are laden with universalism. After indicating the different possible solutions, the author presents his personal thesis of reflective authenticity: from the kantian notion of reflective judgement, the author traces in authenticity (intended not in a simple psychological or existential sense) the quality of "being measure for one-selves" or self-congruence typical of arts' masterpieces. By disengaging this notion from its original aesthetic ambit it is possible, in Ferrara's opinion, to refer to a pluralistic or exemplar universalism, applicable to ethics as to law, to the political judgement as to the theoretical one, completely different from that generic universalism which is on the contrary based on trans-contextual principles, typical of the modern age.

The protection of intellectual property is an old and very important right. Intellectual property embraces multiple fields such as literature, art, music, industrial patents, performances and so on. Every year the lack of application of this right produces an enormous loss of revenue as well as jobs. At the moment, the absence of a worldwide legislation makes it impossible to fight this phenomenon efficiently. In this report we discuss the problem of the Document Delivery Service, i.e. the partial reproduction and transmission of papers extracted from journals, conference proceedings or other collections of scientific articles, performed between libraries on behalf of researchers and students. In particular, we analyze the Document Delivery via Internet in the framework of the italian law n. 68 of 9 april 2003, which implements the European Directive 2001/29/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, published on May 22, 2001.

In this essay the author maintains that the brelationship with the ideality of being is characterised by the well- promising convergence of truth's revelation with justice's assurance. The being's truth is attested by the stability of good. Being is being comme il faut, as it must be in order to be good, as it must be in order to be fine. From this point of view, post-modern conscience is criticised. The author argues that modern conscience is something different both from the figures of illuministic subjectivity, and from the figures moulded by historical conscience: it is not diachronic in relationship with the projectual, constructive, emancipatory orientation of freedom, but it is not synchronic either, as on the contrary structuralism (functionalism, constructivism, contractualism) wrongly maintain because of its need of coherence. We could define it chronic: linked to symbolic values of temporal flood and distrustful of any stability of being in its different ties (as truth and as justice). Distrustful, because it has separated being from its connections. In this way the contemporary drift of European secularisation has generated a new figure: that of an agnosticism interested in religion and uninterested in faith. The author gives an accurate analysis of this type of agnosticism by treating it as a figure of post-modern secularity.

The dispute that divided political philosophy during the eighties into two camps, liberals versus communitarians, would now appear to be over. On both sides an atmosphere of détente seems to be prevailing over the reasons for dissent. Even an author such as Charles Larmore, one of the most well-known advocates of a strictly political view of liberalism, has recently anticipated the possibility of integrating the romantic and the communitarian legacy within the context of liberal individualism.In his latest book, The Romantic Legacy, Larmore elaborates on this possibility by analyzing four fundamental features of romanticism: imagination, a sense of belonging to a community, irony and authenticity. In this essay, the author highlights the ensuing difficulties and defends the need to maintain the liberal distinction between political and cultural rights and the corresponding separation of the respective spheres of pertinence.

This paper deals with A. Young`s approach to the explanation of increasing returns, devoting attention not only to his 1928 famous article, but also to other interesting indications which can be found in his previous works. It argues that the logic of Young`s analysis is based on a multisectorial model subject to quantitative and qualitative transformations. Such a view allows us to understand 1) the emphasis, posed by the author, on propositions (that would have to be fulfilled) among different productives to ensure balanced economic expansion; 2) the attempt (made by the author in the appendix to 1928 article) to explain the economic system dynamics in presence of different intersectoral growth rates. The main conclusion is that Young`s theoretical contribution should be regarded as one of the first examples of structural economic dynamics, thus resulting quite unconformable to the neoclassical theoretical paradigm.

Submitted by Marta Rubino(martarubino@libero.it) on 2006-04-03 ; This paper was presented on 2005, May, 23th, in Berlin, upon invitation of the Freie Universität. Its purpose is to present to German scholar people a glance at the world of Italian libraries, their organization and their problems, in the present situation of deep political crisis of Italy, after five years of administration of the government Berlusconi-Fini. The author strongly underlines the poorness of assets and the need for a better organization in libraries, both governmental and public. To a huge engagement in hardware and software for libraries, it does not correspond (in the opinion of the author) a sufficient economic engagement in additions of publications, both imprints and multimedia. Also human resources are strongly undervalued. As the South of Italy is poor and out-of-date as for libraries (and non only as for libraries) in comparison with the whole of the country, in the same way Italy is poor and out-of-date in comparison with the whole of Europe.

Between the staging of 'Die Zauberflöte' by Mozart-Schikaneder and 'Der Diamant des Geisteskönigs' by Raimund a period of 33 years passed. According to the author, the permanence of the story presented by the plays could become exemplary and therefore worthy of study as far as its unchanging elements and its variables are concerned. Following the similarities in the 'bildung' of the two protagonists (Tamino in 'Zauberflöte' and Edouard in 'Der Diamant') and signalling the points in which their paths differ, the author tries to answer the question that stands at the core of her reflections: How could the same fabula of three decades previously (after years which saw 'everything happen', from the diffusion of the ideas of the French Revolution, to the Napoleonic Wars, the re-definitions of the European social and political situation at the Vienna Congress, the death of Napoleon and the Restoration) be performed again exactly during the Restoration, and another time on the stage of an out-of-town theatre of the Capital of the Empire?

Nel testo si ripercorrono le principali tappe di uno dei periodi più difficili e complessi, e, insieme, più significativi della storia dell' Unione degli Italiani deli' Istria e di Fiume: quello che va dall a XIV Assemblea deii' UIIF (Parenzo, 23 maggio 1971) sino alle Conferenze UIIF sulla socializzazione (Parenzo, 14 dicembre 1984, e Pirano, 22 novembre 1985) e alla Petizione sui problemi della minoranza promossa da Gruppo '88 (Capodistria, dicembre 1987). Un periodo contrassegnato d a una delle più importanti fasi di risveglio politico, civile e culturale del gruppo nazionale cui seguì, quale conseguenza dei moti nazionalistici in Croazia e della repressione attuata dal regime jugoslavo, la destituzione (il 13 settembre del 1974) del presidente Antonio Borme ed un lungo momento di stasi per la comunità nazionale italiana che si protrarrà praticamente sino alla metà degli Anni ottanta. Con l' emergere, prima, dell' azione e delle proposte riformatrici dei giovani riuniti attorno alla Commissione giovanile dell' UHF, e quindi con le Tesi sulla socializzazione promosse dalla Seconda Conferenza dell' Organizzazione (Parenzo, 1984 e Pirano, 1985), si aprirà, anche se con difficoltà, una nuova fase di apertura, di trasformazione e di rilancio politico del gruppo nazionale che culminerà con la petizione, la tribuna pubblica e le altre importanti iniziative di Gruppo ' 88. ; U ovom radu autor prikazuje etape jednog od najtdih i najslozenijih razdoblja iz proslosti Talijanske unije za lstru i Rijeku, tj. zbivanja koja su se odvijala od 14. sjednice Talijanske Unije za Istru i Rijeku ( oddane u Porecu 23. svibnja 1971.) pa do konferencija o socijalizaciji (Porec, 14. prosinca 1984., Piran 22. studenog 1985.), te peticije o problemima manjina, koju pokreée Grupa '88 (Kopar, studeni 1987.). To je faza koju obiljezava budenje politicke, kulturne i gradanske svijesti medu clanovima nacionalne manjine, nakon cega, uslijed nacionalistickih pokreta u Hrvatskoj i represije jugoslavenskog rdima, dolazi do smjenjivanja predsjednika A. Bormea (13. rujna 1974.) te do dugogodisnjeg razdoblja stagnacije za talijansku nacionalnu manjinu, koja ée se protegnuti sve do sredine osamdesetih godina. Nakon pojave reformatorskih pokreta koje predvode mladi, okupljeni u Komisiji za mladd TUIR-a, i Teza o socijalizaciji koje su proizasle iz druge Konferencije ne bez prateéih potreskoéa, javlja se nova faza otvaranja i obnove nacionalne manjine, koja ée dosegnuti vrhunac pokretanjem peticije, politicke tribine i drugih znacajnih inicijativa Grupe '88.

The author accuses Arab glottodidactics of ideological compIicity with the political systems of the Arab countries and of a leveling of the cultural and linguistic reality, by adopting the archaic and anachronistic motto: "one nation, one language." Indeed, beneath the apparent linguistic homogeneity of Arabic, the fragmentation of the oral language should not be underestimated. In designing a possible project for the teaching of Arabic in the Italian schools, it is necessary, first of all, to define who the recipients are and what their needs are, in order then to be able to evaluate the adequacy of the variety or varieties of the language to be taught, of the teaching aids and methods to be used, the level and types of competence to be reached, and the tools to be developed for testing such competence. The author then draws up a profile of the teaching staff, illustrates and evaluates the French and American experiences in this field, and suggests creating a European Association of Teachers of Arabic (EATA), while expressing the hope that such a project will be realistic, secular and pluralistic in nature.

In this essay the author shows what human beings share in a pluralistic society: on one side the great principles of speculative reason and, on the other side and above all, the great principles of practical reason (synteresis). In order to actualise these ancient suggestions the author underlines, the theme of mutual recognition, which passes through the best part of ethical and political contemporary thought. Within the notion of mutual recognition, terms like good, justice, freedom acquire their right and original meaning. Good what permits the flowering of my life; good is, therefore, to love myself; but I can love myself only by loving others as the ones who can make such flowering possible. Justice is to give everyone what he deserves. But what everyone deserves is to be recognised as a (transcendental) subjectivity. Freedom does not mean unconditioned arbitrary, but freedom to do good things. Since the first objective good, historically speaking, is the other's-being-there for me, freedom means, another time, freedom of recognising others as a good for me. Therefore doing, at the same time and in a certain order, my good through the other's good and the other's good through mine. Political good, if we remain at a molecular level.