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This report is categorized into three categories: (I) Introduction, (II) Key Issue and (III) Congressional Action. It also consist a figure for F-22A Weapons Loadout.

The Netherlands has a tradition in public spatial planning and design. In the past 20 years, we have seen an increasing role for the market in this field, and more recently, growing attention for sustainability. Sustainability has become an economic factor. Not only at the building level, but also on the level of large-scale area development projects. More and more local governments have high ambitions for sustainable development. Increasingly, during project development, buildings are developed on a sustainable basis. Most of the time, the focus in this approach is on energy. However, sustainability also comprises social aspects. Energy measures have a direct relation to an economic factor such as investment costs, and payback time can be calculated. The economic aspects of social sustainability are more complex. Therefore, for all sustainability development projects, especially in large-scale projects planned over a longer period, it is necessary to make presumptions, which are less reliable as the planning period is extended. For future larger-scale developments, experience in the Netherlands points to two design approaches: 'backcasting', or using a growth model (or a combination of these two). The power of design is the ability to imagine possible scenarios for the future. The layer approach helps to integrate sustainability into public spatial planning. And more specifically, Urban Design Management (UDM) supports an integrative and collaborative approach also on the operational level of a project in which public and market partners work together. This article outlines how design, based on these approaches, can contribute to sustainable development based on the 'new playing field', where spatial problems should be solved in networks. Dutch projects in Almere (Benoordenhout) and Rijswijk are used to illustrate this approach. ; Real Estate and Housing ; Architecture

This executive order by Governor Mark Sanford declares Monday, December 24, 2007, as the Christmas Eve holiday for state government employees.

CONTENTS I. PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONSJurga Cibulskienė (Lithuania). Are Ideologies Reflected in Metaphors?.11Lara N. Sinelnikova (Russia). The Addresser as an Alter Ego of the Addressee.26 II. FACTS AND REFLECTIONSOleg N. Grinbaum (Russia). Chapter 3 in Pushkin's Novel Eugene Onegin: Rhythm and Sense in Tatiana Larina's Letter . 43Jadvyga Krūminienė (Lithuania). Oscar Milosz as Translator: Playing Games with Memory. 55Magdalena Ożarska (Poland). 19th-Century Lake District as a Land of Tourists, Homemakers and Writers: a Selection of Writings by Dorothy Wordsworth, William Wordsworth and Harriet Martineau. 67Inga Bartkuvienė (Lithuania). Definitions of Nationality in the Theory of Homi K. Bhabha.79Mindaugas Grigaitis (Lithuania). Deconstruction of Jaques Derrida: Theoretical Postulates and Possibilities of Practice. 94Janusz Detka (Poland). Eastern Episode in Polish Poetry of 1955–1957. 106Kristina Bačiulienė (Lithuania). The Worldview of Marcelijus Martinaitis' Collection of Poems K. B. Suspect. 120Yelena A. Nakhimova (Russia). Metaphorical Projection and Conceptual Integration in Political Communication. 130Anna Biyumena (Belarus). Verbs of Period and Existence in Political Discourse. 139Anna V. Vladimirova, Tatyana G. Skrebtsova (Russia). Discourse Strategies in Women and Men's Glossies as a Reflection of Gender-Specific Behaviour. 148Joanna Bryła (Poland). Phraseological Units in Fashion Advertisements.159Michael Louis Bakalinsky (Ukraine). New Theory and Methodology of Social Dialect Studies: US Underworld Social Dialect as a Case in Point. 170Tatiana V. Poplavskaia, Tatiana I. Svistun (Belarus). The Interrelation between Types and Functions Abbreviations Perform in the Internet-Discourse. 186Vilhelmina Vitkauskienė (Lithuania). Review of Research Methods on Language E-Learning Interactions .195Bernd Gliwa (Latvia), Daiva Šeškauskaitė (Lithuania). What Does Dievmedis (God's Tree) Have in Common with God(s)?.205 III. OPINIONOlga Jagintseva (Estonia). The Ethnolinguistic and Etymological Aspects of the Noun Glyok 'an Earthenware Jug' . 219 IV. OUR TRANSLATIONSPatrick Seriot (Switzerland). Oxymoran or Misundersanding. Anna Wierzbicka's Universal Relativism of Natural Semantic Metalanguage. Part II. Translated by Vilhelmina Vitkauskienė. 227 V. SCIENTIFIC LIFE CHRONICLEBooks reviewsSaulius Lapinskas (Lithuania). MELNIKIENĖ, Danguolė, 2009. Dvikalbiai žodynai Lietuvoje: megastruktūros, makrostruktūros ir mikrostrutūros ypatumai. 233Eleonora Lassan (Lithuania). ЛАРИНА, Татьяна, 2009. Категория вежливости и стиль коммуникации. Сопоставление английских и русских лингвокультурных традиций. 237Galina Michailova (Lithuania). ЧЕРНЫХ, В. А., 2008. Летопись жизни и творчества Анны Ахматовой. 1889–1966. 241Barbarа Greszczuk (Poland). LUCIŃSKI, Kazimierz, 2009. Языковые заимствования и ментальность. 247 Announce . 249 VI. REQUIREMENTS FOR PUBLICATION. 250 VII. OUR AUTHORS. 258 ; TURINYS / SPIS TREŚCI I. PROBLEMOS IR SPRENDIMAI / PROBLEMY I ICH ROZWIĄZANIAJurga Cibulskienė (Lietuva / Litwa). Are Ideologies Reflected in Metaphors?.11Лара Н. Синельникова (Rusija / Rosja). Адресант как alter ego адресата.26 II. FAKTAI IR APMĄSTYMAI / FAKTY I ROZWAŻANIAОлег Н. Гринбаум (Rusija / Rosja). Третья глава романа А. С. Пушкина «Евгений Онегин»: письмо Татьяны Лариной в ритмико-смысловом освещении.43Jadvyga Krūminienė (Lietuva / Litwa). Oscar Milosz as Translator: Playing Games with Memory. 55Magdalena Ożarska (Lenkija / Polska). 19th-Century Lake District as a Land of Tourists, Homemakers and Writers: a Selection of Writings by Dorothy Wordsworth, William Wordsworth and Harriet Martineau. 67Inga Bartkuvienė (Lietuva / Litwa). Tautiškumo metmenys Homi K. Bhabha'os teorijoje. 79Mindaugas Grigaitis (Lietuva / Litwa). Jacques'o Derrida dekonstrukcija: teoriniai postulatai ir taikymo galimybės. 94Janusz Detka (Lenkija / Polska). Epizod "wschodni" w polskiej poezji lat 1955–1957 . 106Kristina Bačiulienė (Lietuva / Litwa). Marcelijaus Martinaičio eilėraščių rinkinio "K. B. įtariamas" pasaulėvaizdis. 120Елена А. Нахимова (Rusija / Rosja). Метафорическая проекция и концептуальная интеграция в политической коммуникации. 130Anna Biyumena (Baltarusija / Białoruś). Verbs of Period and Existence in Political Discourse. 139Анна В. Владимирова, Татьяна Г. Скребцова (Rusija / Rosja). Коммуникативные стратегии в дискурсе женских и мужских глянцевых журналов как отражение гендерной специфики поведения. 148Joanna Bryła (Lenkija / Polska). Związki frazeologiczne funkcjonujące w prasowych komunikatach dotyczących mody. 159Michael Louis Bakalinsky (Ukraina / Ukraina). New Theory and Methodology of Social Dialect Studies: US Underworld Social Dialect as a Case in Point. 170Tatiana V. Poplavskaia, Tatiana I. Svistun (Baltarusija / Białoruś). The Interrelation between Types and Functions Abbreviations Perform in the Internet-Discourse. 186Vilhelmina Vitkauskienė (Lietuva / Litwa). Elektroninio kalbų mokymo interakcijos sąvoka: mokslo tiriamųjų darbų apžvalga. 195Bernd Gliwa (Latvija / Łotwa), Daiva Šeškauskaitė (Lietuva / Litwa). Kas bendra tarp dievmedis ir dievas, dievai?. 205 III. NUOMONĖ / OPINIE I POGLĄDYОльга Ягинцева (Estija / Estonia). Сущ. глек 'глиняный горшок' в этнолингвистическом и этимологическом аспектах. 219 IV. MŪSŲ VERTIMAI / NASZE PRZEKŁADYPatrick Seriot (Šveicarija / Szwajcaria). Oksimoronas ar nesusipratimas? Annos Wierzbickos universaliosios natūraliosios semantinės metakalbos universalusis reliatyvizmas. II dalis. Vertė / Tłum. Vilhelmina Vitkauskienė. 227 V. MOKSLINIO GYVENIMO KRONIKA / KRONIKA ŻYCIA NAUKOWEGOKnygų recenzijos / Recenzje książekSaulius Lapinskas (Lietuva / Litwa). MELNIKIENĖ, Danguolė, 2009. Dvikalbiai žodynai Lietuvoje: megastruktūros, makrostruktūros ir mikrostrutūros ypatumai. 233Элеонора Лассан (Lietuva / Litwa). ЛАРИНА, Татьяна, 2009. Категория вежливости и стиль коммуникации. Сопоставление английских и русских лингвокультурных традиций. 237Галина Михайлова (Lietuva / Litwa). ЧЕРНЫХ, В. А., 2008. Летопись жизни и творчества Анны Ахматовой. 1889–1966. 241Barbarа Greszczuk (Lenkija / Polska). LUCIŃSKI, Kazimierz, 2009. Языковые заимствования и ментальность. 247 Anonsai / Zapowiedzi.249 VI. REIKALAVIMAI STRAIPSNIAMS / ZASADY OPRACOWYWANIA PUBLIKACJI. 250VII. MŪSŲ AUTORIAI / NASI AUTORZY. 258

Dorothy Eck explains the events that guided her interests in politics, her eventual membership and presidency of the Montana League of Women Voters, and discusses issues backed by that organization. She discusses her experience in the Montana Senate, 1980-2000, and describes former political leaders such as Mike Mansfield, Lee Metcalf, Arnold Olsen, and various influential legislators. At the end of the interview, she gives a detailed account of her participation in the Montana Constitutional Convention of 1972. ; https://scholarworks.umt.edu/brown/1010/thumbnail.jpg

Insufficient attention towards the topic of public service motivation among Lithuanian scholars encouragedthe author to choose the object for the paper. The paper starts with the analysis of various theories of motivation(starting with A.Maslow theory of needs hierarchy and analyzing more complex theories of F.Herzberg,K.Alderfer, D.McCleland, V.Vroom, J.Adams, E.Lawler, W.Porter ). Similar theories can serve as the basis forfuture research in Lithuanian public sphere. Author states, that universal theory on motivation does not exist.This fact complicates applicability of various theories in practice as raises the question, which theory is the bestone (qualitative dimension). After choosing the theory, another question is what we have to measure. Attitudes(satisfaction), behavior (involvement) or both these elements should be used trying to measure motivation. Awish to participate in public policy implementation, serving public, loyalty to government; commitment andbenevolence are several specific motivators, which influence public servant's activity. It is shown that workingconditions, work content, salary, work safety, challenges, and possibilities for a career in private and publicsector lead to distinguish certain similarities and differences.

John Vincent, describes his interest in political science and how that influenced him to run for public office. He discusses his leadership roles in the Montana House of Representatives as Speaker of the House, Minority Leader, and Majority Whip. He talks about some of the other members of the House as well Montana governors Stan Stephens, Ted Schwinden and Brian Schweitzer. ; https://scholarworks.umt.edu/brown/1069/thumbnail.jpg

Dave Lewis describes his 40 year participation in politics including his work as budget director, campaign contributor, director of the Department of Administration, director of the State Board of Investments, and as a member of the Montana legislature where he served as chairman of the House Appropriations Committee. Lewis discusses the pros and cons of being a partisan politician and reflects on changing governmental trends in Montana. This interview largely focuses on Governors Judge, Schwinden, Stephens, Racicot and Martz; their agendas; and conflicts during various administrations. ; https://scholarworks.umt.edu/brown/1031/thumbnail.jpg

This article seeks to lay a theoretical foundation of the internal decentralization (decentralization in the localmunicipality): its essence and content are defined, the main forms as well as the kinds of forms are identified. Thisis performed by using theoretical propositions of decentralization in the state (at the state level) following differentresearchers' works and verifying whether they are suitable for local municipalities of Lithuania and other countries.In the article the set goal is being sought by these actions:1) the origin and the meaning of the word "decentralization" are explained;2) the essence and the content of decentralization in the state (at the state level) are defined;3) the essence and the content of decentralization in the local municipality are defined, its main forms andkinds of forms are named;4) currently the most frequently applied forms of internal decentralization in local municipalities of othercountries are submitted.In the opinion of the author of the article, decentralization in the local municipality (or internal decentralizationin the local municipality) means the transfer of the powers assigned to municipal bodies, which belong to ahigher hierarchical level, to a subordinate or non-subordinate bodies, which belong to a lower hierarchical level, ordivision of powers to a bigger number of bodies of the same hierarchical level. The bodies that have received thesepowers are guaranteed some discretion to make decisions and operate. Moreover, a certain interaction (relations,responsibilities) between the bodies that have transferred the powers and the ones that have received those powersis foreseen.From the author's of the article point of view, the internal decentralization in the local municipality isperformed by these forms:1) deconcentration;2) transfer of powers (delegation);3) fiscal decentralization;4) economic decentralization.The author thinks that at present the most frequently applied forms of internal decentralization in municipalitiesof different countries are the ...

The author has carried out a study in regard to aspects of gender equality in politics and publicadministration in Latvia. The author has questioned 85 women, leaders of local governments, interviewed20 respondents in Latvia, asked men, leaders of local governments, for their opinion, as wellas conducted expert interviews in Finland. Results of the study show that the women, leaders of localgovernments, acknowledge themselves as leaders and they are such indeed. Majority of them have notencountered gender discrimination. Women leaders have positive attitude towards women organizations.A half of the respondents suggest other women should participate in politics, work in local governmentswhich gives them satisfaction regardless of the fact that the participation in politics affectstheir family lives, and stereotypes existing in the society about a woman in politics. Results gainedfrom the survey examining men's opinion revealed stereotypical thinking about women holding managerialpositions by emphasizing feminine qualities of the women and the role the woman plays in thefamily. Although it cannot be affirmed that gender discrimination has been ended completely inFinland, interviews with experts in Finland have shown that women's participation in politics, cultureand trust in political power are greater in Finland than in Latvia.

Through three case studies of online political activism on Facebook, this article conceptualizes the deployment of issue publics (Lippmann, 1993; Marres, 2005) on Facebook. We argue that issue publics on Facebook come into being through a specific set of double articulations of code and politics that link and reshape informational processes, communicational constraints and possibilities, and political practices in different and sometimes contradictory ways. Using Maurizio Lazzarato's exploration of immaterial labour (2004), we demonstrate the need to further understand the networking of publics and their issues by considering how online platforms provide the material, communicational, and social means for a public to exist and therefore define the parameters for assembling issues and publics and circumscribe a horizon of political agency. ; Langlois, G., Elmer, G., McKelvey, F., & Devereaux, Z. (2009). Networked Publics: The Double Articulation. Canadian Journal of Communication, 34(3), 415-434. Retrieved from http://www.cjc-online.ca/index.php/journal/article/view/2114

Background Appreciative inquiry (AI) is an innovative knowledge translation (KT) intervention that is compatible with the Promoting Action on Research in Health Services (PARiHS) framework. This study explored the innovative use of AI as a theoretically based KT intervention applied to a clinical issue in an inpatient pediatric care setting. The implementation of AI was explored in terms of its acceptability, fidelity, and feasibility as a KT intervention in pain management. Methods A mixed-methods case study design was used. The case was a surgical unit in a pediatric academic-affiliated hospital. The sample consisted of nurses in leadership positions and staff nurses interested in the study. Data on the AI intervention implementation were collected by digitally recording the AI sessions, maintaining logs, and conducting individual semistructured interviews. Data were analysed using qualitative and quantitative content analyses and descriptive statistics. Findings were triangulated in the discussion. Results Three nurse leaders and nine staff members participated in the study. Participants were generally satisfied with the intervention, which consisted of four 3-hour, interactive AI sessions delivered over two weeks to promote change based on positive examples of pain management in the unit and staff implementation of an action plan. The AI sessions were delivered with high fidelity and 11 of 12 participants attended all four sessions, where they developed an action plan to enhance evidence-based pain assessment documentation. Participants labeled AI a 'refreshing approach to change' because it was positive, democratic, and built on existing practices. Several barriers affected their implementation of the action plan, including a context of change overload, logistics, busyness, and a lack of organised follow-up. Conclusions Results of this case study supported the acceptability, fidelity, and feasibility of AI as a KT intervention in pain management. The AI intervention requires minor refinements (e.g., incorporating continued follow-up meetings) to enhance its clinical utility and sustainability. The implementation process and effectiveness of the modified AI intervention require evaluation in a larger multisite study. ; Kavanagh, T., Stevens, B., Seers, K., Sidani, S., & Watt-Watson, J. (2010). Process evaluation of appreciative inquiry to translate pain management evidence into pediatric nursing practice. Implementation Science : IS, 5(1), 90-90. doi:10.1186/1748-5908-5-90

Viešojo sektoriaus problemų šiuolaikiniame etape sprendimų paieškos reikalaujanaujų, nestandartinių ir valdymo praktikos specialistų veiksmų, ir neordinarių teorinių-metodologinių akademinės srities atstovų nuostatų bei požiūrių. Strateginis planavimaskaip viešojo sektoriaus efektyvinimo prielaida ir instrumentarijus teorinėsepaskutinių kelių dešimtmečių įžvalgose, kaip ir kitos valdymo galimybes plėtojančiosformos ir sistemos (TQM – kokybės vadybos ir kt.) išgyveno susidomėjimo jomispakilimą ir tam tikrą nuosmukį. Tai susiję su globaliomis tendencijomis – pokyčiais,paradoksais, netgi konfliktais, požiūrių įvairovės gausa ir kt. Tačiau nepaisant įvairialypio,daugiadimensiško strateginio valdymo (strateginis planavimas recenzijosautoriaus traktuojamas kaip vienas iš svarbiausių viešojo valdymo, t. y. viešosios politikosir viešojo administravimo visumos elementų) interpretacijų įvairovės ir praktiniolygmens jį vartojant kaip efektyvumo instrumentą, turime pripažinti, kad vadybiniupožiūriu strateginis planavimas jau apie 70 metų yra itin svarbi vadybos priemonėviešųjų institucijų veiklai plėtoti.Todėl J. Bivainio ir Ž. Tunčikienės monografijos pasirodymas yra nulemtas,kaip jau minėta, globalių megaaspektų. Antra vertus, strateginio planavimo praktikaLietuvoje taip pat evoliucionuoja ir apima iš esmės visas valstybės funkcines veiklas.Tai rodo ir pagausėjusios mokslinės strateginio planavimo teorinės analizės apimtys,išreikštos ne vienoje studijoje, publikacijose mokslo leidiniuose.Skaitytojams pateikiamos monografijos autoriai pasirinko racionalų daugiau fenomenologijosprincipais pagrįstą (mokslinio pažinimo kaip visumos interpretavimą)tyrimo logiką, kurios struktūra atitinka klasikinės metaanalizės principus.

Citizen participation topic became actual in various European Union (EU) projects since 6-7th decade of the XX century, when in many countries it had been started to transfer authority power from centre to regional and local government authorities with intention to make closer decision-making and implementation to the people. It is considered that decentralization can assure management, which would be more public, participatory, cooperative with community, reactive and accountable. Regional level is very suitable for promotion of citizen participation ideas, because regional and local management is closest to the people. Therefore EU regional policy is inseparable from enhancement and development of democracy, in order to achieve social welfare of population, economy strengthening and to reduce the differences between the EU regions. Nowadays tendencies in public administration indicate that a good management is defi nable by categories of wider citizen participation, pluralism, subsidiarity, transparency, accountability, accessibility, cooperation and effi ciency. "Old democracy" states try to consolidate values of democracy and at the same time to adjust effective methods of new public management, new public administration or new civil service into the management of public organisations. The main scientifi c problem in respect of looking for effective management model is to fi nd a suitable form, how to apply effective management principles from private organisations in the management of public organisations and to secure democratic principles at once. The success and effectiveness of new management systems much depends on the legal basis and the specifi c management and administration traditions of concrete state. The aim of this article is to evaluate the opportunities of citizen participation in regional management, considering the EU guidelines in respect of regional policy. The article analyses citizen participation tendencies in management of public organizations, EU position with regard to regional policy ...

Competitive contracting is the most common form of municipal privatization and has been growing in USAsince the 1970s regardless of the political affiliation of elected officials. Between 1982 and 1992 contractingincreased by 121 percent in the 596 cities where comparable data were available. The average common municipalservice is contracted out by 27 percent of cities.Cities privatize first to save money and second to improve services. A summary of nine major, comprehensivestudies covering every contract entered into by the reporting jurisdictions – 7, 168 contracts in all – showed averagesavings of 29,5 percent.Mayor Stephen Goldsmith gained national and international attention for his successful efforts in Indianapolis.He used public-private competition to bring about large improvements in street repairs, wastewater treatment,fleet management, solid-waste collection, airport management, golf courses. All in all he put eighty-six services outto bid, of which city employees won 43 percent – but only by drastically improving their productivity. The numberof employees declined by a third but no union member lost a job, and the city projected cumulative savings of $450million.