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The paper covers operations features of Huntington Ingalls Industries, one of the leading contractors of the US Department of Defense (DoD), in terms of financial performance and business outlook. In general, taking into account the increase in the DoD budget and the increase in appropriations for the procurement of military equipment and weapon systems, as well as R&D, we can say that this had a positive impact on companies of the US military–industrial complex as a whole (both larger and smaller) and led to improved financial performance and level of investment attractiveness. At the same time, it is quite obvious that the high growth rates of the DoD budget cannot be maintained for a while, which in the long run presents significant risks for the companies, as it can lead to a decrease in funding and the volumes of government contracts. Since there are a significant number of studies and publications for large companies in the sector, the author puts emphasis on smaller companies, the number of papers on which is small, but analysis on which is important because of their role and functions in the US military–industrial complex. These include Huntington Ingalls Industries, which specializes in the implementation of the US Navy's shipbuilding program. The analysis showed that the dynamics of its financial and economic operations, in general, can be characterized positively, despite the observed moderate decrease in values of some financial ratios. The outlook for its business in the long run can be assessed as sustainable, but for the period after 2025, attention should be paid to a number of risks that are primarily associated with a reduction of the US Navy shipbuilding program.

The article defines modern approaches to European education in the context of artistic educational reforms. Separate legislative acts on this issue are analyzed, the attention is focused on scientific intelligence of recent years. The main strategic goal of the development of higher education of Ukraine at the present stage is the integration of higher education of Ukraine into the European educational system in the conditions of joining the Bologna process, preventing possible difficulties and taking into account the prospects of this progressive process, harmonizing and combining the national components of higher education with the requirements of the Bologna Declaration for the creation of a unified European Higher Education Area. The research was conducted on the basis of identified new degrees and levels of future specialists' training. The tasks are: to find out modern approaches to the training of specialists in art education, to analyze the state of the problem under study by the example of individual educational institutions of Ukraine. Methods of scientific research: analysis, comparison, observation of the educational process, questionnaire, synthesis. The author proposes separate learning technologies in the process of art disciplines teaching. ; У статті визначено сучасні підходи до європейської освіти у контексті мистецьких освітніх реформ. Проаналізовано окремі законодавчі акти з означеного питання, сконцентровано увагу на наукових розвідках останніх років. Дослідження проведено на основі визначених нових ступенів та рівнів підготовки майбутніх фахівців. Метою статті стало з'ясування ролі освіти у підготовці майбутніх фахівців музичного мистецтва. Серед завдань такі: з'ясувати сучасні підходи до підготовки спеціалістів за мистецькою освітою, проаналізувати стан досліджуваної проблеми на прикладі окремих закладів освіти України. Методи наукового дослідження: аналіз, порівняння, спостереження за освітнім процесом, анкетування, узагальнення. Автором запропоновано окремі технології навчання в процесі викладання мистецьких дисциплін.

Rad razmatra problem zastoja u procesu pridruživanja, odnosno pristupanja zemalja Zapadnog Balkana Evropskoj uniji. Osnovne uzroke ovog problema autorka vidi u samoj prirodi asimetričnog odnosa Evropske unije i pomenutih zemalja u čijem središtu se nalazi Proces stabilizacije i pridruživanja, odnosno pristupanja. Njemu su doprinele obe strane: Evropska unija preambiciozno postavljenom politikom prema regionu, nedovoljno definisanim i stalno promenljivim kriterijumima, ali i zemlje u procesu svojim nekritičkim odnosom prema mogućem članstvu, nejasno definisanim interesima i ciljevima, sporim reformama i slabom demokratskom tradicijom. Kako bi proces mogao uspešno da se nastavi, autorka tvrdi da je potrebno njegovo suštinsko preoblikovanje ka fleksibilnom procesu. U svetlu sve češćih rasprava o mogućem kretanju evropske integracije ka većoj diferencijaciji, proces fleksibilnog pristupanja bi omogućio članstvo samo u odabranim oblastima delovanja Evropske unije, koje bi bile odabrane shodno prethodno jasno definisanim i analiziranim interesima i mogućnostima zemalja kandidata i potencijalnih kandidata. Autorka zaključuje da je potrebno proces što više odvojiti od uslovljavanja u političkim oblastima kako bi se umanjila mogućnost arbitrarnog odlučivanja o napretku ovih zemalja u procesu. Osim što bi za države kandidate i potencijalne kandidate ovakav manje zahtevan proces bio jednostavniji i omogućio veću autonomiju u izboru oblasti integracije i tempu prilagođavanja, za države članice EU bi predstavljao način da se vrati kredibilitet jednoj od svojih nekada najuspešnijih spoljopolitičkih aktivnosti. Ključne reči: pristupanje, zastoj, Evropska unija, Zapadni Balkan, fleksibilnost, diferencirana integracija. ; The article deals with the problem of the Western Balkans countries' accession and association process impasse. The author finds the key causes of this problem in the very nature of an asymmetric relationship between the EU and these countries with the Stabilization and Association Process laying in its core. ...

This article discusses about the cancellation of various local regulations by the Central Governmentin Jakarta which is inhibited the rate of investment in local region. It is contrary to higher level ofregulations and is contrary to the public interest. According to Act (UU) No. 23 year 2014 aboutLocal Government, the regional policies (Perda or Perkada) can be cancelled by the CentralGovernment (Minister of Home Affairs) totally and/or partially. The Ministry of Home Affairsissued instruction of Minister of Home Affairs No. 582/476/SJ on February 16th, 2016 aboutrevocation/changing of Local Government Regulations (Perda) and announced the cancellation ofvarious local regulations including Perda in Regencies, City and East Nusa Tenggara Province.The Central Government had cancelled 3,143 of Perda including 45 of Perda in City and Regenciesin East Nusa Tenggara. The used method for discussion in this article is data compilation studyfrom another articles written by the author previously. Investigation showed that the RegionAutonomy Policies was suspected increasing the transaction cost in investing process both foreigninvestment and domestic investment. Investors who applied the licensing faced many charges whichare relatively greater than before decentralized authority. In addition, the services by investmentorganization authority in the region charged uncertainty cost and time of completion of the licensingprocess. Therefore, the Central Government evaluated the various local regulations which hamperinvestment in the local area. Cancellation of various Perda by the Central Government impacted oneconomic and business sectors in reducing bureaucracy regulatory barriers and the number ofcharges which burden the business sector, thus it will encourage investment in the region. However,the cancellation has reduced local government's authority for gaining financial from Perda thatwill reduce the regional revenuesKeywords: Local regulations,busines sector, public services, investment

In the field of Judgment Aggregation, a domain, that is a subset of a Cartesian power of {0, 1}, is considered to reflect abstract rationality restrictions on vectors of two-valued judgments on a number of issues. We are interested in the ways we can aggregate the positions of a set of individuals, whose positions over each issue form vectors of the domain, by means of unanimous (idempotent) functions, whose output is again an element of the domain. Such functions are called non-dictatorial, when their output is not simply the positions of a single individual. Here, we consider domains admitting various kinds of non-dictatorial aggregators, which reflect various properties of majority aggregation: (locally) non-dictatorial, generalized dictatorships, anonymous, monotone, StrongDem and systematic. We show that interesting and, in some sense, democratic voting schemes are always provided by domains that can be described by propositional formulas of specific syntactic types we define. Furthermore, we show that we can efficiently recognize such formulas and that, given a domain, we can both efficiently check if it is described by such a formula and, in case it is, construct it. Our results fall in the realm of classical results concerning the syntactic characterization of domains with specific closure properties, like domains closed under logical AND which are the models of Horn formulas. The techniques we use to obtain our results draw from judgment aggregation as well as propositional logic and universal algebra. ; The first two authors' research was partially supported by TIN2017-86727-C2-1-R, GRAMM. The research of the second author was carried out while visiting the Computer Science Department of the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. ; Peer Reviewed ; Postprint (published version)

Utilizing a novel method with the resonance frequency of a LC circuit, we measured the superconducting anisotropy of single crystals of an Fe-based superconductor FeSe with applied magnetic field up to 16 T. We found that the temperature dependence of the upper critical field H c2 (T) of FeSe coincides with the Werthamer-Helfand-Hohenberg (WHH) model when taking the Maki parameter α into consideration, suggesting an important role played by spin-paramagnetic effect in suppressing the superconductivity. When temperature T → 0, the values of H c2,≈c (0) and H c2,≈ab (0) derived from the WHH fitting are close to and fall within the range of the Pauli limit, for field H 0 applied parallel to the c-axis and to the ab-plane, respectively. As compared with other typical iron-based high-T c superconductors, lower values of H c2 (0) and higher superconducting anisotropy Γ(0) were observed in FeSe. © 2019 Author(s). ; The work at Yangzhou Univ. was supported by Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) grant # 61474096 and by NSF of Jiangsu grant # BK20180889, and at Chinese Academy of Sciences by NSFC grants # 51477167 and 41527802. D.A.C. thanks supports by the program 211 of the Russian Federation Government (RFG), agreement 02.A03.21.0006 and by the Russian Government Program of Competitive Growth of Kazan Federal Univ. A.N.V. thanks supports by Russian Foundation for Basic Research Grant No. 17-29-10007, by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation in the framework of Increase Competitiveness Program of NUST MISiS (Grant No. K2-2017-084), and by Act 211 of RFG, agreements 02.A03.21.0004, 02.A03.21.0006, and 02.A03.21.0011.

Background: In Australia and elsewhere, the impacts of drug prohibition have sparked a critical dialogue about the state of current drug laws. While a range of 'experts' have offered their opinion and participation in these deliberations, the voices of the affected community have largely been excluded. This study aimed to gather the opinions and preferences of people who use drugs about the current or alternative models of drug laws, in addition to how they think drug laws could be changed Author Conflict of Interest Declaration. Methods: In March 2018, four focus groups (n = 37) were conducted with people who were in receipt of social welfare services in Sydney, Australia, where participants were encouraged to share their views about the current drug laws, drug law reform options, and important messages to politicians. Several themes were identified through a thematic analysis. Results: Models of drug law reform were often understood and expressed in language and constructs different to those commonly used by researchers. Opinions were diverse and there was no consensus on a preferred model, although discussions flowed around decriminalisation, legalisation, and a medical/prescription model; the latter being the preferred approach. Participants shared pessimistic views of the drug laws ever changing, and argued that public opinion would need to adjust for reform to succeed. Furthermore, they argued that the views of the affected community are vital to any drug law reform campaign. Conclusions: Participants affinity towards a medical/prescription approach to drug regulation was an unexpected finding. This study serves as an important example of the opinions and experiential knowledge of the affected community and this knowledge could be solicited alongside other forms of 'expertise' in drug law reform campaigns.

Introduction: Social exclusion is a multifactorial phenomenon that involves economic, institutional and social disadvantages for diverse groups of people. Frequently, young people face social exclusion that causes them negative consequences. Objective: To develop and validate an instrument to evaluate social exclusion perception in young people from Mexico. Method: This is an article research result, which is based on psychometric principles. During the first phase, a preliminary instrument version was developed on the base of a literature review. Experts and a group of young Mexican people evaluate items' quality. During the second phase, 415 participants were enrolled and the instrument psychometric properties (reliability, validity, and interpretation) were estimated. Results: The first version instrument included 60 items which were evaluated in the second phase. The final version of the instrument has 35 items grouped in nine factors that explained 62,30 % of the total variance. This instrument's factorial structure showed high internal consistency (?=.863). The confirmatory factorial analysis indicated an acceptable fit (x2=1.71; CFI=.926; RMSEA=.042) which gave evidence of the instrument empirical validity. Conclusion: Instrument has good psychometric properties to evaluate social exclusion perception; therefore it can be used in the psychosocial investigation. Social exclusion phenomenon has been studied on base the politics, economic and sociology sciences; however until author knowledge, this is a pioneer proposal to study social exclusion based on the social psychology. This science is focused in the subject vision and their group social interactions. ; Introducción: La exclusión social es un fenómeno multifactorial que expone a las personas a desventajas económicas, institucionales y sociales. Frecuentemente los jóvenes padecen exclusión social que les genera amplias consecuencias negativas. Objetivo: Desarrollar y validar un instrumento para evaluar la percepción de exclusión social en jóvenes ...

The author exposes the critical situation of the state jurisdiction against the resolution of intersubjective conflicts and the distrust and insecurity that citizens have regarding the operation of said jurisdiction; it exhibits against the position the fundamentals and the merit of arbitration as an effective heteronomous means of conflict resolution; and analyzes, in the light of the Latin American political constitutions, some of the most relevant problems that hinder its development, among which the lack of recognition as a jurisdiction and the absence of autonomous enforceability and coercibility of the precautionary measures and of the award stand out. It also explains and weighs the foundations of arbitration, to conclude in an apology of said institution and reaffirm the unavoidable need for its empowerment as a private jurisdiction in the face of the crisis of legal security, corruption and delay of ordinary jurisdiction. ; El autor expone la crítica situación de la jurisdicción estatal frente a la resolución de los conflictos intersubjetivos y la desconfianza e inseguridad que tiene la ciudadanía respecto del funcionamiento de dicha jurisdicción; exhibe en contra posición los fundamentos y el mérito del arbitraje como medio heterónomo eficaz de solución de conflictos; y analiza, a la luz de las constituciones políticas latinoamericanas, algunos de los problemas más relevantes que frenan su desarrollo, entre los cuales destaca la falta de reconocimiento como jurisdicción y la ausencia de ejecutabilidad autónoma y coercibilidad de las medidas cautelares y del laudo. Asimismo, explica y pondera los fundamentos del arbitraje, para concluir en una apología de dicha institución y reafirmar la inaplazable necesidad de su empoderamiento como jurisdicción privada frente a la crisis de seguridad jurídica, corrupción y dilación de la jurisdicción ordinaria.DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24265/voxjuris.2020.v38n1.09

The emergence and existence of the madrasa cannot be separated from the Islamic reform movement which was initiated by the efforts of a number of religious intellectuals who were later developed by Islamic organizations in Java, Sumatra and Kalimantan. Educational institutions currently have three models that have developed in Indonesia, namely schools (general) as mentioned above, madrasas (religions) as well as those mentioned above, and pesantren. The three according to some thinkers cannot realize the education objectives of the National Education System. The author Analsis stated the substantive goals of national education in the National Education System Act No. 20 of 2003 is Islamization and Integration of Islamic education. By combining the two paradigms of Islamic education is likely to be realized with the actual purpose of education. There are four factors that SDIT is very substantive with national education goals in the National Education System Act No. 20 of 2003, which is an Islamization and Integralism of Islamic education, in accordance with the purpose of education in the Act Chapter II Article 3, namely: "To develop the potential of students to become human beings who believe and fear the Almighty God, have a noble, healthy character, knowledge, skillful, creative, independent, and become a democratic and responsible citizen ". Religion with its legality and formality, both knowledge and administration, and both Islamic education institutions are very high and equal, equal to equivalent general education, namely elementary school (SD). This can be seen from the recognition of MI and its integral curriculum both general curriculum and religion, according to its characteristic that MI school-based madrasas (imtaq and science and technology) and SDIT are religion-based schools (science and technology and imtaq).

Ongoing clashes between Hong Kong citizens and its government have foregrounded questions about outside interference in Hong Kong's politics (largely from the government and media of People's Public of China), as well as debate about what institutions in Hong Kong are neo-colonial, heavily inflected with nostalgia for British colonialism, or in the process of being 'colonised' by the People's Republic of China. This article looks at Shakespeare in Hong Kong (and, to some extent, greater Chinese) theatre and education as one of those contested institutions, using the particular case of the now-defunct Chinese Universities Shakespeare Festival. The author probes their initial, surface impression of the festival as a simple outpouring of colonial sentiment and impulse, using its sizeable archives to realise a reading of the institution that highlights the complexities of international and intra-regional politics, culture and identity in Hong Kong and greater China. It builds on the Hong Kong literary critic Michael Ingham's call for attention to Hong Kong's quest – sometimes overt (as in the demonstrations of 2019), sometimes implicit (in the body of literature Ingham explores in his cultural and literary history) – for a unique, post-colonial identity that is inspired – but, critically, not confined – by its Chinese and British histories. The article briefly outlines the origins and set-up of the festival before juxtaposing the dominance of English language and culture in it with the opportunities it presents (seized by several teams) for intra-regional cooperation, competition and sharing diverse, greater Chinese cultures. The article offers a model for critically appraising other institutions and cultural products in Hong Kong in ways that resist easy binaries of British or Chinese, colonial or indigenous.

Background: Politicians, societies, stakeholders, health care systems, patients, their relatives, their employers, and the general population need to know what they can expect from clinical psychologists. Even more, for our self-definition as a professional group, we should share a common understanding of the competence profile that characterises our qualifications. This understanding of the competence profile of clinical psychology leads directly to the content that should be taught in university curricula and postgraduate trainings for clinical psychology. The following discussion paper attempts to offer a general European framework for defining the competence profile of clinical psychologists. Method: A group of European specialists developed this discussion paper under the umbrella of the European Association of Clinical Psychology and Psychological Treatment (EACLIPT). Representatives with different treatment orientations, of basic science and clinical applications, and from East to Western European countries, were part of the group. Results: We present a list of competences that should be acquired during regular studies of psychology with a clinical specialisation. Additionally, further competences should be acquired either during studying, or during postgraduate trainings. Conclusion: Clinical psychologists are experts in mental and behavioural disorders, their underlying psychological, social and neurobiological processes, corresponding assessments/diagnostic tools, and evidence-based psychological treatments. While we provide a list with all competences of clinical psychologists, we do not consider this proposal as a final list of criteria, but rather as a living discussion paper that could be updated regularly. Therefore, we invite our colleagues to contribute to this discussion, and to submit comments via email to the corresponding author. People need to know what they can expect from clinical psychologists. We present a list of competences that clinical psychologists acquire during their training. ...

The subject of the study is the possibility of implementing the experience of social entrepreneurship in the world under the current economic conditions. The purpose of the study is to analyze the experience of regulating social entrepreneurship in the world. Research methods are based on scientific principles and methods and techniques of scientific knowledge. Results of work. The opportunities for using the experience of developed countries in the field of regulation of social entrepreneurship are grounded. The stages of development of social entrepreneurship in the world are revealed. The peculiarities of development of social enterprises of Great Britain, Germany, USA are revealed. Emphasis is placed on the role and place of the state in ensuring the realization of social entrepreneurship. The author also revealed the positive effects of social entrepreneurship. Area of application of results. Management of the national economy under conditions of sustainable development in terms of research and opportunities to realize the experience of regulating social entrepreneurship of developed countries for the economy of Ukraine. Conclusions. Foreign experience of social entrepreneurship demonstrates the opportunities and benefits of the non–profit sector, not only social but also economic. In addition, world experience is a benchmark that shows what needs to be changed in legislation, business and government. Indeed, business today is able to take on a large part of the social burden (health care, infrastructure) that is entrusted to the state, and in exchange it must receive favorable conditions and transparent guarantees of stable and unimpeded development. The key to successful development of social enterprises in Ukraine is the development of national strategies for the development of social entrepreneurship, which would coordinate the efforts of all stakeholders – entrepreneurs, public organizations, donor structures and the state.

This article conducts a meta-analysis of the effect of military expenditures on growth within a structured analytic framework. We extend the pioneering study of Aynur Alptekin and Paul Levine, by using a much larger sample of studies. Like them we confine our attention to studies that use the share of military expenditure in GDP, the military burden, as the independent variable, but unlike them we include not just those that use the military burden directly, what we call the core sample, but also those that use other functions of it, such as logarithms, differences, etc., which we call the remaining sample. We also consider an overall sample which pools all results. The t-statistic on the coefficient of military burden is used as the dependent variable. Our null hypothesis is that military expenditure has no significant effect on growth and we explain why this is plausible. The estimates are sensitive to the sample and type of data used, estimation method adopted, and the controls included. Overall, the results are consistent with the hypothesis of no effect: the average effect across all studies is close to zero. Certain study characteristics appear significant determinants of the effect of military expenditure on growth, but there does not appear to be a simple pattern and different characteristics were significant in the three samples. This might be a result of data mining to produce a significant result. However, there does not appear to be strong evidence of publication bias towards positive or negative results, perhaps because there is no strong a priori belief in the direction of the effect. © The Author(s) 2019.

This qualitative research with the title Greek diaspora and Entrepreneurship explores the determinants of a Greek migrants group that left Greece and decided to start an entrepreneurial activity in the UK. The main focus is the analysis of the cultural attributes in the entrepreneurial activity of Greek immigrants in the London area. This research topic addresses the importance of how specific cultural components of Greek entrepreneurs immigrating to the London area are able to affect their entrepreneurial intention and behaviour. Therefore, in order to come up with the findings, the main research question "What are the specificities of Greek entrepreneurs immigrating to the UK and how do those specificities affect their entrepreneurial activities?", was analysed and answered. For that thesis, seventeen Greek entrepreneurs, working in the London and Manchester area have been interviewed in 2016/17. The analysis of the transcriptions was done by the coding of the sources via the usage of Software Nvivo. The final findings show that cultural specificities for Greek entrepreneurs immigrating to the London area are proved that they play an important role in the formation of their intention to set up a business. The main ones are: economic crisis, Greek cultural values, networks and level of education which have an impact on their intention and behaviour process relationship. Moreover, regional social legitimacy and economic crisis are two important factors that have an impact on Greeks specificities which in turn influence the intention to set up business as well as their actual entrepreneurial behaviour in the London area. Finally, this thesis aims to help in further research as it should be an important base for economic and even political framework conditions improvement in future migrant entrepreneurship matters. ; Author Eleni Laspa ; Universität Linz, Masterarbeit, 2019 ; (VLID)3668975