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This report is categorized into three categories: (I) Introduction, (II) Key Issue and (III) Congressional Action. It also consist a figure for F-22A Weapons Loadout.

Ilja Luciak, professor and chair of the Department of Political Science in Virginia Tech's College of Liberal Arts and Human Sciences, recently completed a multi-year study on "Gender Equality and Democratization in Central America and Cuba" for the European Commission.

Dave Lewis describes his 40 year participation in politics including his work as budget director, campaign contributor, director of the Department of Administration, director of the State Board of Investments, and as a member of the Montana legislature where he served as chairman of the House Appropriations Committee. Lewis discusses the pros and cons of being a partisan politician and reflects on changing governmental trends in Montana. This interview largely focuses on Governors Judge, Schwinden, Stephens, Racicot and Martz; their agendas; and conflicts during various administrations. ; https://scholarworks.umt.edu/brown/1031/thumbnail.jpg

Citizen participation topic became actual in various European Union (EU) projects since 6-7th decade of the XX century, when in many countries it had been started to transfer authority power from centre to regional and local government authorities with intention to make closer decision-making and implementation to the people. It is considered that decentralization can assure management, which would be more public, participatory, cooperative with community, reactive and accountable. Regional level is very suitable for promotion of citizen participation ideas, because regional and local management is closest to the people. Therefore EU regional policy is inseparable from enhancement and development of democracy, in order to achieve social welfare of population, economy strengthening and to reduce the differences between the EU regions. Nowadays tendencies in public administration indicate that a good management is defi nable by categories of wider citizen participation, pluralism, subsidiarity, transparency, accountability, accessibility, cooperation and effi ciency. "Old democracy" states try to consolidate values of democracy and at the same time to adjust effective methods of new public management, new public administration or new civil service into the management of public organisations. The main scientifi c problem in respect of looking for effective management model is to fi nd a suitable form, how to apply effective management principles from private organisations in the management of public organisations and to secure democratic principles at once. The success and effectiveness of new management systems much depends on the legal basis and the specifi c management and administration traditions of concrete state. The aim of this article is to evaluate the opportunities of citizen participation in regional management, considering the EU guidelines in respect of regional policy. The article analyses citizen participation tendencies in management of public organizations, EU position with regard to regional policy ...

Competitive contracting is the most common form of municipal privatization and has been growing in USAsince the 1970s regardless of the political affiliation of elected officials. Between 1982 and 1992 contractingincreased by 121 percent in the 596 cities where comparable data were available. The average common municipalservice is contracted out by 27 percent of cities.Cities privatize first to save money and second to improve services. A summary of nine major, comprehensivestudies covering every contract entered into by the reporting jurisdictions – 7, 168 contracts in all – showed averagesavings of 29,5 percent.Mayor Stephen Goldsmith gained national and international attention for his successful efforts in Indianapolis.He used public-private competition to bring about large improvements in street repairs, wastewater treatment,fleet management, solid-waste collection, airport management, golf courses. All in all he put eighty-six services outto bid, of which city employees won 43 percent – but only by drastically improving their productivity. The numberof employees declined by a third but no union member lost a job, and the city projected cumulative savings of $450million.