Suchergebnisse

This paper explores the conditions for close collaboration between higher education institutions and printing industry. Firstly, the author demonstrates that formal methods in education fail to correspond to a present day reality, and, secondly, she sets recommendations for tackling the problems. For a thorough analysis of the situation, the author considers strategic development plans for higher education in the European Union and Lithuania, analyses models and options for collaboration between higher education institutions and industry in other countries, a qualitative survey is carried out in the form of an interview of managers of Lithuanian printing companies and of the printing department of higher education institutions.

This paper explores the conditions for close collaboration between higher education institutions and printing industry. Firstly, the author demonstrates that formal methods in education fail to correspond to a present day reality, and, secondly, she sets recommendations for tackling the problems. For a thorough analysis of the situation, the author considers strategic development plans for higher education in the European Union and Lithuania, analyses models and options for collaboration between higher education institutions and industry in other countries, a qualitative survey is carried out in the form of an interview of managers of Lithuanian printing companies and of the printing department of higher education institutions.

Parties reach an amicable settlement of any disputes in Lithuania by the way of making an amicable settlement more and more often, so founding out of what legal power has the settlement in the civil procedure, what problems arise to the parties after reconciliation, what tendencies recently appear in the reconciliation process and what objects are pursued in reconciliation of the parties in the course of civil proceedings were actual. The author analyses reconciliation of the parties as an objective of the civil proceedings with the major tasks to reinstate both the legal and the social peace. The author also presents some samples of cases, which were resolved amicably. Objectives of the Master's final thesis were as follows: 1. Estimation of reconciliation of the parties as an objective of the civil proceedings; 2. Estimation of the legal and social meaning of reconciliation of the parties; 3. Exhaustive and well-rounded disclosure of the meaning of reconciliation of the parties; 4. Representing of the newly originated and actively developing alternative way of settlement of civil and commercial disputes- mediation. At the end of the thesis the author presents some conclusions and offers for improvement of reconciliation procedure regulation.

Parties reach an amicable settlement of any disputes in Lithuania by the way of making an amicable settlement more and more often, so founding out of what legal power has the settlement in the civil procedure, what problems arise to the parties after reconciliation, what tendencies recently appear in the reconciliation process and what objects are pursued in reconciliation of the parties in the course of civil proceedings were actual. The author analyses reconciliation of the parties as an objective of the civil proceedings with the major tasks to reinstate both the legal and the social peace. The author also presents some samples of cases, which were resolved amicably. Objectives of the Master's final thesis were as follows: 1. Estimation of reconciliation of the parties as an objective of the civil proceedings; 2. Estimation of the legal and social meaning of reconciliation of the parties; 3. Exhaustive and well-rounded disclosure of the meaning of reconciliation of the parties; 4. Representing of the newly originated and actively developing alternative way of settlement of civil and commercial disputes- mediation. At the end of the thesis the author presents some conclusions and offers for improvement of reconciliation procedure regulation.

The transaction value method is prevailing for the purpose of customs valuation. Therefore, in this study the author analyses the customs valuation legislation of the Agreement on customs valuation of WTO, Customs Code of the European Union and its implementing provisions as well as the legislation of the Republic of Lithuanian. The study is divided into seven chapters. In the first chapter author introduces in brief the regulation of this specific method, the second- reasons of its prevailing in customs valuation. Next chapter more in detail analyzes such concepts of transaction value as "sold", "sold for export", "price actually paid or payable", "activities, undertaken by the buyer on his own account". The fourth chapter is dedicated to the conditions for the departure of the transaction value method. The fifth chapter analyzes the elements of pricing of transaction value. The last ones analyze documents produced to support the transaction value and the particularity of the valuation of the imported used cars. The comparative analysis of legal acts and judicial decisions proves that it is important to understand properly the transaction value method and all of its elements as it directly relate to the payable customs and other taxes. The author also concludes that customs legislation of the Republic of Lithuania is not well harmonized with the EC legislation ant International trade practice.

The transaction value method is prevailing for the purpose of customs valuation. Therefore, in this study the author analyses the customs valuation legislation of the Agreement on customs valuation of WTO, Customs Code of the European Union and its implementing provisions as well as the legislation of the Republic of Lithuanian. The study is divided into seven chapters. In the first chapter author introduces in brief the regulation of this specific method, the second- reasons of its prevailing in customs valuation. Next chapter more in detail analyzes such concepts of transaction value as "sold", "sold for export", "price actually paid or payable", "activities, undertaken by the buyer on his own account". The fourth chapter is dedicated to the conditions for the departure of the transaction value method. The fifth chapter analyzes the elements of pricing of transaction value. The last ones analyze documents produced to support the transaction value and the particularity of the valuation of the imported used cars. The comparative analysis of legal acts and judicial decisions proves that it is important to understand properly the transaction value method and all of its elements as it directly relate to the payable customs and other taxes. The author also concludes that customs legislation of the Republic of Lithuania is not well harmonized with the EC legislation ant International trade practice.

The transaction value method is prevailing for the purpose of customs valuation. Therefore, in this study the author analyses the customs valuation legislation of the Agreement on customs valuation of WTO, Customs Code of the European Union and its implementing provisions as well as the legislation of the Republic of Lithuanian. The study is divided into seven chapters. In the first chapter author introduces in brief the regulation of this specific method, the second- reasons of its prevailing in customs valuation. Next chapter more in detail analyzes such concepts of transaction value as "sold", "sold for export", "price actually paid or payable", "activities, undertaken by the buyer on his own account". The fourth chapter is dedicated to the conditions for the departure of the transaction value method. The fifth chapter analyzes the elements of pricing of transaction value. The last ones analyze documents produced to support the transaction value and the particularity of the valuation of the imported used cars. The comparative analysis of legal acts and judicial decisions proves that it is important to understand properly the transaction value method and all of its elements as it directly relate to the payable customs and other taxes. The author also concludes that customs legislation of the Republic of Lithuania is not well harmonized with the EC legislation ant International trade practice.

The transaction value method is prevailing for the purpose of customs valuation. Therefore, in this study the author analyses the customs valuation legislation of the Agreement on customs valuation of WTO, Customs Code of the European Union and its implementing provisions as well as the legislation of the Republic of Lithuanian. The study is divided into seven chapters. In the first chapter author introduces in brief the regulation of this specific method, the second- reasons of its prevailing in customs valuation. Next chapter more in detail analyzes such concepts of transaction value as "sold", "sold for export", "price actually paid or payable", "activities, undertaken by the buyer on his own account". The fourth chapter is dedicated to the conditions for the departure of the transaction value method. The fifth chapter analyzes the elements of pricing of transaction value. The last ones analyze documents produced to support the transaction value and the particularity of the valuation of the imported used cars. The comparative analysis of legal acts and judicial decisions proves that it is important to understand properly the transaction value method and all of its elements as it directly relate to the payable customs and other taxes. The author also concludes that customs legislation of the Republic of Lithuania is not well harmonized with the EC legislation ant International trade practice.

The image of the radical Palestinian and Lithuanian political parties Hamas, Fatah and The party of Order and Justice is analysed through their leaders – Ahmed Yasin, Yasser Arafat and Rolandas Paksas. The author of the essay chose prism of the public relation and tried to reveal a way the Middle East – in the case Palestinian – and Lithuanian politics show their selves to the local and international communities. The author of the essay believes that young democracies have lots of common tendency in the radical politic case. The political speeches and programmes are not analyzed in the essay. The most important task is to reveal the semiotics discourse of the political body in the photography because it is believed that one picture can say more then a thousand words text. Of course, it is necessary to compare the way those pictures reflect the linguistic discourse because the linguistic corpus and the outlook must be integral. All of those leaders are exclusive, controversial political bodies, who are acting in the very different geographical and time planes, but have some generalities. All of them represent their political parties, ideas and all of them have crowds of fans. All of them had ambitious for the highest political post and all of them reached the task. In the different ways. It is very difficult to analyze such a different and distant in the meaning of time, geographic and culture ways political bodies, but the author chose this way because of the French semiotic Eric Landowski. He analyzed very different and casual advertisements, which had no commonalities. Using this method, he found out very interesting and unexpected points. Besides, those comparable discourses are used for the images of the political bodies. So, the author recurred the same method in this essay. There were few problems for the essay. First of all, there was no possibility to get the election material of the Palestinian parties, so the information was taken from the international media, which is not the same as in R. Paksas case. And the second is the barrier of the language and culture. It is a serious problem to analyze linguistic and non-linguistic texts through cultural distance. Nevertheless, the author of the essay tried to reveal the image of the Palestinian political parties through their leaders comparing their semiotics discourse. It was analyzed through Lithuanian case also. This essay let to prove the hypothesis that the political bodies of the young democracies use many common instruments to create the coveted image.

The image of the radical Palestinian and Lithuanian political parties Hamas, Fatah and The party of Order and Justice is analysed through their leaders – Ahmed Yasin, Yasser Arafat and Rolandas Paksas. The author of the essay chose prism of the public relation and tried to reveal a way the Middle East – in the case Palestinian – and Lithuanian politics show their selves to the local and international communities. The author of the essay believes that young democracies have lots of common tendency in the radical politic case. The political speeches and programmes are not analyzed in the essay. The most important task is to reveal the semiotics discourse of the political body in the photography because it is believed that one picture can say more then a thousand words text. Of course, it is necessary to compare the way those pictures reflect the linguistic discourse because the linguistic corpus and the outlook must be integral. All of those leaders are exclusive, controversial political bodies, who are acting in the very different geographical and time planes, but have some generalities. All of them represent their political parties, ideas and all of them have crowds of fans. All of them had ambitious for the highest political post and all of them reached the task. In the different ways. It is very difficult to analyze such a different and distant in the meaning of time, geographic and culture ways political bodies, but the author chose this way because of the French semiotic Eric Landowski. He analyzed very different and casual advertisements, which had no commonalities. Using this method, he found out very interesting and unexpected points. Besides, those comparable discourses are used for the images of the political bodies. So, the author recurred the same method in this essay. There were few problems for the essay. First of all, there was no possibility to get the election material of the Palestinian parties, so the information was taken from the international media, which is not the same as in R. Paksas case. And the second is the barrier of the language and culture. It is a serious problem to analyze linguistic and non-linguistic texts through cultural distance. Nevertheless, the author of the essay tried to reveal the image of the Palestinian political parties through their leaders comparing their semiotics discourse. It was analyzed through Lithuanian case also. This essay let to prove the hypothesis that the political bodies of the young democracies use many common instruments to create the coveted image.

This Master's thesis deals with some essential provisions of the concordat (1927) and the agreements (2000) concluded between the Holy See and Lithuania, and implementation of them. Generally speaking, these specific international agreements establish the legal status of the Catholic Church as institution, its clergymen in the State, and determine limitations of activity of them. At the beginning of the thesis author pays attention to the legal nature of the concordat as international agreement, i. e. definition, object, subjects, validity and other elements of it are discussed. Then historical background of origin of the concordat and the agreements is presented and the parties of these international legal acts – the State and the Church – are briefly discussed. The legal status of religious organizations in Lithuania and foreign states, position of the Catholic Church in the context of legal status of other denominations are also analyzed (the main source – jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Lithuania). The principal part of the thesis is intended for analysis and comparison of particular provisions of the concordat and the agreements. In consideration of the fact that the status of legal person is recognised for the Catholic Church, among other things, the procedure for imposing corporate income tax, immovable property tax, land tax on it, is analyzed in the thesis. The practice of other foreign states is also discussed. Author also gives one's attention to the order of formation and divorce of church marriage that causes a lot of debates among lawyers. As the tradicion of dual registration of marriage is still dominating in Lithuania, problems of jurisdiction of divorce of marriage are analyzed. Legislation, jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court and the Supreme Court is disputed on these questions, experience of foreign states is also cited. Other important point – religious education in public schools. As many debates have arised in respect of conformity with the Constitution of certain provisions of the agreement regulating these matters, author of the thesis analyses reasons of that, describes practice of legislation in Lithuanian and other foreign states, judicial jurisprudence and presents one's estimations on the said question. Thus analyzing the main problems discussed in this article author comes to certain conclusions and introduces suggestions that may help to solve and eliminate gaps in the law system as they impede the effective realization of legal norms.

This Master's thesis deals with some essential provisions of the concordat (1927) and the agreements (2000) concluded between the Holy See and Lithuania, and implementation of them. Generally speaking, these specific international agreements establish the legal status of the Catholic Church as institution, its clergymen in the State, and determine limitations of activity of them. At the beginning of the thesis author pays attention to the legal nature of the concordat as international agreement, i. e. definition, object, subjects, validity and other elements of it are discussed. Then historical background of origin of the concordat and the agreements is presented and the parties of these international legal acts – the State and the Church – are briefly discussed. The legal status of religious organizations in Lithuania and foreign states, position of the Catholic Church in the context of legal status of other denominations are also analyzed (the main source – jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Lithuania). The principal part of the thesis is intended for analysis and comparison of particular provisions of the concordat and the agreements. In consideration of the fact that the status of legal person is recognised for the Catholic Church, among other things, the procedure for imposing corporate income tax, immovable property tax, land tax on it, is analyzed in the thesis. The practice of other foreign states is also discussed. Author also gives one's attention to the order of formation and divorce of church marriage that causes a lot of debates among lawyers. As the tradicion of dual registration of marriage is still dominating in Lithuania, problems of jurisdiction of divorce of marriage are analyzed. Legislation, jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court and the Supreme Court is disputed on these questions, experience of foreign states is also cited. Other important point – religious education in public schools. As many debates have arised in respect of conformity with the Constitution of certain provisions of the agreement regulating these matters, author of the thesis analyses reasons of that, describes practice of legislation in Lithuanian and other foreign states, judicial jurisprudence and presents one's estimations on the said question. Thus analyzing the main problems discussed in this article author comes to certain conclusions and introduces suggestions that may help to solve and eliminate gaps in the law system as they impede the effective realization of legal norms.

This Master's thesis deals with some essential provisions of the concordat (1927) and the agreements (2000) concluded between the Holy See and Lithuania, and implementation of them. Generally speaking, these specific international agreements establish the legal status of the Catholic Church as institution, its clergymen in the State, and determine limitations of activity of them. At the beginning of the thesis author pays attention to the legal nature of the concordat as international agreement, i. e. definition, object, subjects, validity and other elements of it are discussed. Then historical background of origin of the concordat and the agreements is presented and the parties of these international legal acts – the State and the Church – are briefly discussed. The legal status of religious organizations in Lithuania and foreign states, position of the Catholic Church in the context of legal status of other denominations are also analyzed (the main source – jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Lithuania). The principal part of the thesis is intended for analysis and comparison of particular provisions of the concordat and the agreements. In consideration of the fact that the status of legal person is recognised for the Catholic Church, among other things, the procedure for imposing corporate income tax, immovable property tax, land tax on it, is analyzed in the thesis. The practice of other foreign states is also discussed. Author also gives one's attention to the order of formation and divorce of church marriage that causes a lot of debates among lawyers. As the tradicion of dual registration of marriage is still dominating in Lithuania, problems of jurisdiction of divorce of marriage are analyzed. Legislation, jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court and the Supreme Court is disputed on these questions, experience of foreign states is also cited. Other important point – religious education in public schools. As many debates have arised in respect of conformity with the Constitution of certain provisions of the agreement regulating these matters, author of the thesis analyses reasons of that, describes practice of legislation in Lithuanian and other foreign states, judicial jurisprudence and presents one's estimations on the said question. Thus analyzing the main problems discussed in this article author comes to certain conclusions and introduces suggestions that may help to solve and eliminate gaps in the law system as they impede the effective realization of legal norms.

This Master's thesis deals with some essential provisions of the concordat (1927) and the agreements (2000) concluded between the Holy See and Lithuania, and implementation of them. Generally speaking, these specific international agreements establish the legal status of the Catholic Church as institution, its clergymen in the State, and determine limitations of activity of them. At the beginning of the thesis author pays attention to the legal nature of the concordat as international agreement, i. e. definition, object, subjects, validity and other elements of it are discussed. Then historical background of origin of the concordat and the agreements is presented and the parties of these international legal acts – the State and the Church – are briefly discussed. The legal status of religious organizations in Lithuania and foreign states, position of the Catholic Church in the context of legal status of other denominations are also analyzed (the main source – jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Lithuania). The principal part of the thesis is intended for analysis and comparison of particular provisions of the concordat and the agreements. In consideration of the fact that the status of legal person is recognised for the Catholic Church, among other things, the procedure for imposing corporate income tax, immovable property tax, land tax on it, is analyzed in the thesis. The practice of other foreign states is also discussed. Author also gives one's attention to the order of formation and divorce of church marriage that causes a lot of debates among lawyers. As the tradicion of dual registration of marriage is still dominating in Lithuania, problems of jurisdiction of divorce of marriage are analyzed. Legislation, jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court and the Supreme Court is disputed on these questions, experience of foreign states is also cited. Other important point – religious education in public schools. As many debates have arised in respect of conformity with the Constitution of certain provisions of the agreement regulating these matters, author of the thesis analyses reasons of that, describes practice of legislation in Lithuanian and other foreign states, judicial jurisprudence and presents one's estimations on the said question. Thus analyzing the main problems discussed in this article author comes to certain conclusions and introduces suggestions that may help to solve and eliminate gaps in the law system as they impede the effective realization of legal norms.

International relations can be considered as a set of interactions between the actors of international system. As a result of these interactions some actors gain a reputation of reliable and stable while the others perform as irrational and unpredictable. The main goal of these masters' theses was to identify when and how should the seemingly "irrational" behavior of the international actor be considered as a rational strategy aiming at some certain objectives. The subject of this research is the interactions between two states in which the structural and comparative power of the one state is lower than the one of the other. Under these circumstances the state which possesses lower power seeks to raise it in relation to the stronger state. The author of this research hypothesizes that the aim of the behavior which seems irrational to the other players of the international system may be the creation of the conditions of uncertainty. The later can be used as a means of rising structural power of the actor who necessitated it. The Author approaches the logic of the theory of rational choice as well as examines the prospects of using the particular models of game theory as a tool of analyzing the abovementioned interactions of two states the structural and comparative power of which is notably unequal. After analyzing the impact of imperfect information as well as the mistrust in the rationality of the partners of the game, the Author comes to conclusion that the abovementioned factors may be intentionally encouraged to bind the rationality of the adversary.