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The author analyses new structural unemployment, the role of production internationalization, and the advantages that large companies take in this scenery which would eventually break the historical alliance between capitalism, welfare state, and democracy. Investment, production, tributes, and domicile are not necessarily connected in the same site any more. As an alternative, it would be necessary to put into the agenda a new concept of "richness", one that should include citizenship indicators. The author also proposes options that make apparent the necessity to reorganize on new basis the relations between state and civil society. ; The author analyses new structural unemployment, the role of production internationalization, and the advantages that large companies take in this scenery which would eventually break the historical alliance between capitalism, welfare state, and democracy. Investment, production, tributes, and domicile are not necessarily connected in the same site any more. As an alternative, it would be necessary to put into the agenda a new concept of "richness", one that should include citizenship indicators. The author also proposes options that make apparent the necessity to reorganize on new basis the relations between state and civil society.

In this text, Jacques Fontanel demonstrates that, only recently, contemporary economists have been concerned with defense economy, as, frequently, peace, in their studies, was considered as something given. The author reviews the five major currents of thought that analyse the economical nature of defense effort, showing what it has been representing along periods of time, for the liberals, Marxists, Keynesian authors, for the Mercantilist School and for the adepts of econometric studies. Following, emphasizes the economy of disarmament, approaching questions such as: the military costs are, actually, external variables? Ali disarmament is necessarily equivalent to a cut in military costs? There exist, in fact, the so called "peace dividends"? Is there possibility of conversion of the military industry? After, the author analyses the fundamental principles of disarmament and the actual International context which lead interrogations from the economists about the substitution of the military war by the economical war. Concluding, J. Fontanel states that the economical factors became permanent armament, where the economy is transformed in an instrument of power used in the conflict of States, as the food weapon. The author, finally, exhorts the influent segments of society to a general concern in favor of peace. ; In this text, Jacques Fontanel demonstrates that, only recently, contemporary economists have been concerned with defense economy, as, frequently, peace, in their studies, was considered as something given. The author reviews the five major currents of thought that analyse the economical nature of defense effort, showing what it has been representing along periods of time, for the liberals, Marxists, Keynesian authors, for the Mercantilist School and for the adepts of econometric studies. Following, emphasizes the economy of disarmament, approaching questions such as: the military costs are, actually, external variables? Ali disarmament is necessarily equivalent to a cut in military costs? There exist, in fact, the so called "peace dividends"? Is there possibility of conversion of the military industry? After, the author analyses the fundamental principles of disarmament and the actual International context which lead interrogations from the economists about the substitution of the military war by the economical war. Concluding, J. Fontanel states that the economical factors became permanent armament, where the economy is transformed in an instrument of power used in the conflict of States, as the food weapon. The author, finally, exhorts the influent segments of society to a general concern in favor of peace.

The author intends to make evident a "conceptual reversion" in the case of federalism in Brazil Rather than union and pact to create a federal state, in our country federalism has been associated recently to a "decentralization" process and with just the states and municipalities participating in this deal. In this paper the intention is to show the way this "conceptual reversion" corresponds at present to the concrete crisis of this federative pact and, next, to rescue the necessary associated dimension which federalism assumes. ; The author intends to make evident a "conceptual reversion" in the case of federalism in Brazil Rather than union and pact to create a federal state, in our country federalism has been associated recently to a "decentralization" process and with just the states and municipalities participating in this deal. In this paper the intention is to show the way this "conceptual reversion" corresponds at present to the concrete crisis of this federative pact and, next, to rescue the necessary associated dimension which federalism assumes.

This paper aims to explore the articulation of Marxism, psychoanalysis & political theory in the particular reading of Ernesto Laclau. Consequences in two main areas are analyzed: discourse theory & political philosophy. This author reconfigures the conceptual basis of hegemony & ideology from an original position close to the Althusserian tradition (by means of deconstruction, Foucauldian archaeology & Lacanian Psychoanalysis) to a standpoint that he himself has described as post Marxist. In that frame, his conception of discourse makes a claim for a renewal of the concept of hegemony, giving up the Marxist topic of base & superstructure. Adapted from the source document.

The study of hydrographic basins as territorial units integrating the management of hydric resources is essential to guarantee sustainable use of natural resources in these basins. The establishment of the Paraíba do Sul hydrographic basins committee, in 1994, determined the need for management planning and action integration in the Paraíba do Sul basin which incorporates a variety of industries and intense land use. The Batedor river, in the municipality of Cruzeiro, SP, flows into the Passa Vinte which is an affluent of Paraíba do Sul river. Its mouth is located at 22°31'0.63"S and 45°01'2.07"W. Its farthest water contributing source lies about 8.5 km, near the Itaguaré peak 2,308 m high, in the Mantiqueira Mountain on the border of São Paulo and Minas Gerais States. To characterize land use in the Batedor hydrographic basin, Landsat imagery and topographic charts were analyzed based on remote sensing and geoprocessing techniques. This paper describes the study of impacts related to land and water resources use in the Batedor river basin and the generation of educational environmental material. Results have shown that this basin has good water supply, has no flooding risk and has several springs running down the Mantiqueira Moutain slopes that form young creeks with few meanders. Irregular human occupation for housing and subsistence agriculture, mainly banana plantations can be seen in deep slopes and riparian areas, as well as degraded pastures that indicate inappropriate land use and no conformance to pertinent legislation. The decrease in forest vegetation cover can cause severe erosion with significant soil loss and sediment deposition in the river, thus reducing water quality and quantity during the dry season. This basin is currently responsible for 70% of the Cruzeiro, SP water supply. ; Estudos de bacias hidrográficas como unidades territoriais integradoras da gestão de recursos hídricos são necessários para garantir o uso sustentável dos recursos naturais dessas bacias. A implantação do Comitê das Bacias Hidrográficas do Paraíba do Sul, em 1994, estimulou o levantamento de informações essenciais para o planejamento da gestão e manejo das bacias integrantes da Bacia do Paraíba do Sul situada em uma região industrializada e de acelerado desenvolvimento. O rio Batedor, localizado no município de Cruzeiro, SP, deságua no rio Passa Vinte, contribuinte do Paraíba do Sul. Sua foz é localizada nas coordenadas 22°31'0,63''S e 45°01'2,07''O. Sua nascente, distante cerca de 8,5 km de sua foz, encontra-se próxima ao pico do Itaguaré, a 2.308 m de altitude, na Serra da Mantiqueira, divisa entre São Paulo e Minas Gerais. Para a caracterização da rede hidrográfica da bacia do Batedor e das formas de ocupação do solo foram utilizadas imagens do satélite Landsat e mapas plano-altimétricos analisados com técnicas de sensoriamento remoto e de geoprocessamento. Esse trabalho teve por objetivo estudar os impactos do uso do solo e dos recursos hídricos na bacia do rio Batedor e gerar material de apoio para educação ambiental. A bacia do rio Batedor apresenta boa disponibilidade hídrica, não apresenta risco de enchentes, está situada em área de muitas nascentes, nas encostas da Serra da Mantiqueira, e possui cursos jovens, com pouca sinuosidade. Nessa bacia ocorre ocupação irregular de áreas para moradias, desenvolvimento de agricultura de subsistência principalmente da bananicultura em locais declivosos e margens do rio, pastagens degradadas, que denotam a inadequação do uso do solo à legislação ambiental. Com a redução da cobertura florestal da bacia houve agravamento dos processos erosivos o que causou o assoreamento da calha do rio e alterou as características de qualidade e quantidade regularizada de água dessa bacia, hoje responsável pelo abastecimento de 70% do consumo da cidade de Cruzeiro, SP. ; Estudos de bacias hidrográficas como unidades territoriais integradoras da gestão de recursos hídricos são necessários para garantir o uso sustentável dos recursos naturais dessas bacias. A implantação do Comitê das Bacias Hidrográficas do Paraíba do Sul, em 1994, estimulou o levantamento de informações essenciais para o planejamento da gestão e manejo das bacias integrantes da Bacia do Paraíba do Sul situada em uma região industrializada e de acelerado desenvolvimento. O rio Batedor, localizado no município de Cruzeiro, SP, deságua no rio Passa Vinte, contribuinte do Paraíba do Sul. Sua foz é localizada nas coordenadas 22°31'0,63''S e 45°01'2,07''O. Sua nascente, distante cerca de 8,5 km de sua foz, encontra-se próxima ao pico do Itaguaré, a 2.308 m de altitude, na Serra da Mantiqueira, divisa entre São Paulo e Minas Gerais. Para a caracterização da rede hidrográfica da bacia do Batedor e das formas de ocupação do solo foram utilizadas imagens do satélite Landsat e mapas plano-altimétricos analisados com técnicas de sensoriamento remoto e de geoprocessamento. Esse trabalho teve por objetivo estudar os impactos do uso do solo e dos recursos hídricos na bacia do rio Batedor e gerar material de apoio para educação ambiental. A bacia do rio Batedor apresenta boa disponibilidade hídrica, não apresenta risco de enchentes, está situada em área de muitas nascentes, nas encostas da Serra da Mantiqueira, e possui cursos jovens, com pouca sinuosidade. Nessa bacia ocorre ocupação irregular de áreas para moradias, desenvolvimento de agricultura de subsistência principalmente da bananicultura em locais declivosos e margens do rio, pastagens degradadas, que denotam a inadequação do uso do solo à legislação ambiental. Com a redução da cobertura florestal da bacia houve agravamento dos processos erosivos o que causou o assoreamento da calha do rio e alterou as características de qualidade e quantidade regularizada de água dessa bacia, hoje responsável pelo abastecimento de 70% do consumo da cidade de Cruzeiro, SP.

Th e happiness is the supreme ideal of new phase of capitalism in which we live. It's in search of happiness which is developing the hyperconsumption, concept presented by French philosopher Gilles Lipovetsky. In this scenario, the author points the paradoxes of current society, showing through data, several aspects of our lives such as family relationships, love, sex, work, leisure, politics, religion, media, aesthetics and ethics. Th roughout the work emerge many questions for refl ection, some questions with possible answers and others in the air. ; A felicidade é o ideal supremo da nova fase do capitalismo em que estamos vivendo. É em busca dela que se desenvolve o hiperconsumo, noção apresentada pelo fi lósofo francês Gilles Lipovetsky. Nesse cenário, o autor aponta os paradoxos da sociedade atual, evidenciando através de dados, vários aspectos da nossa vida tais como as relações familiares, o amor, o sexo, o trabalho, o lazer, a política, a religião, a mídia, a estética, a ética. Ao longo de toda a obra são trazidas à tona inúmeras questões para refl exão, algumas com possíveis respostas, outras fi cando apenas em suspensão.