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Este ensayo es la versión del autor, previa a la revisión por los editores, y a la versión final, que será publicada en el libro titulado provisionalmente 'A Maturing Market. The Iberian World in the First Half of the Seventeenth Century', editado por Alexander S. Wilkinson y Alejandra Ulla Lorenzo (en prensa para Brill, 2017). El autor desea expresar su agradecimiento a los editores y a la editorial por conceder permiso para publicar esta versión previa. ; This is the pre-peer-review, author's version of a book chapter that will be published in "A Maturing Market. The Iberian World in the First Half of the Seventeenth Century", edited by Alexander S. Wilkinson and Alejandra Ulla Lorenzo (forthcoming in Brill, 2017). The author is grateful to the editors and the publisher for permission to issue this version. ; This chapter will focus on several case studies that illustrate the nature of the material and intellectual networks of authors, editors, publishers and translators who laid the foundations of the international republic of letters as a virtual third space between the inveterate system of aristocratic patronage and the growing mass of urban consumers. It shall first trace the evolution of the new conditions within the book market and the concerns they raised among authors through a comparison of some texts produced in England by Gabriel Harvey (ca. 1552-1631) and his circles with the pragmatic political vocabulary displayed a generation later by Antonio López de Vega (ca. 1586-1655) in Spain. Whereas Harvey and López de Vega shared the influence of international Ciceronianism, one of the most remarkable differences between them lies in the shift from the moral concerns of sixteenth-century humanism to the more pragmatic and disenchanted views expressed in the languages of neostoicism and Tacitism. The second part of this chapter will then examine the consequences deriving from the development of a new international market for the mass consumption of cultural products, chiefly printed matter, but also the public commercial stage. Situated between its status as a new form of mass entertainment in thriving urban milieus and its canonization as printed goods through the publication of the most successful among these plays, the public stage constitutes a uniquely dynamic phenomenon that illustrates these literary, intellectual and material developments. The international republic of letters stood as a heterogeneous and adiaphoric public space that grew out of these manifold tensions. The interdisciplinary discourse that created and regulated it was woven with the languages of moral philosophy, politics and theology, as well as the vocabulary of traditional literary doctrine. Its agents were–to use an expression coined by Antonio López de Vega—men of understanding engaged in a transnational conversation sustained by common language and common sense. This pragmatic and consensual view of language and knowledge resulted from the intersection between the new trends of cultural and literary mercantilism, on the one hand, and more traditional aesthetic theories founded upon the discourse of what David Summers has called Renaissance Naturalism, on the other.

Following is the Joint Statement issued by the 34 Heads of State and Government, in Quebec City, Canada on April 22, 2001: We, the democratically elected heads of State and Government of the Americas, gathered in the city of Quebec in our Third Summit, we renew our commitment to hemispheric integration and national and collective responsibility in order to improve the economic well-being and security of our peoples. We have adopted an Action Plan to strengthen representative democracy, promote efficient governance and protect human rights and fundamental freedoms. We seek to create greater prosperity and increase economic opportunities and, at the same time, promote social justice and develop the human potential. We reiterate our firm commitment and adherence to the principles and purposes of the Charters of the United Nations and of the Organization of American States (OAS). ; A continuación la Declaración Conjunta emitida por los 34 jefes de Estado y de Gobierno, en la Ciudad de Quebec, Canadá el 22 de abril de 2001: Nosotros, los jefes de Estado y de Gobierno de las Américas elegidos democráticamente, reunidos en la ciudad de Quebec en nuestra Tercera Cumbre, renovamos nuestro compromiso con la integración hemisférica y la responsabilidad nacional y colectiva a fin de mejorar el bienestar económico y la seguridad de nuestros pueblos. Hemos adoptado un Plan de Acción para fortalecer la democracia representativa, promover una eficiente gestión de gobierno y proteger los Derechos Humanos y las libertades fundamentales.l Buscamos crear mayor prosperidad e incrementar las oportunidades económicas y, al mismo tiempo, fomentar la justicia social y desarrollar el potencial humano. Reiteramos nuestro firme compromiso y adhesión a los principios y propósitos de las Cartas de las Naciones Unidas y de la Organización de los Estados Americanos (OEA).

In 2016 the German Environment Agency (UBA) and the German Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG) organised a conference on plastics in freshwater environments on behalf of the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (BMUB). 220 attendants from 20 European and two non-European countries attended the conference. The objective was to exchange knowledge on plastics in European freshwater environments and to discuss its environmental and societal implications. In preparation of the conference an informal questionnaire was sent to water management agencies in Europe with questions on monitoring, risk awareness and management options. This publication contains the abstracts of the oral presentations.

Abstract This paper focuses on the criminal law formulation policy related to criminal Law No. 22 of 2009 concerning Traffic and transportation. The policy formulation certainly need to be tied in every stage of the making, the implementation and accomplishment in order to create a sustain system. The formulation policy or the stage of making the law is a fundamental policy in criminal law policy because formulation policy is determinant of to whether a law could be applied in society. The issues discussed in this paper are: (1) How the formulation policy of criminal law in Law Number 22 Year 2009 regarding Traffic and transportation? (2) How the formulation policy of criminal law in the Law of Traffic and Transportation in the future? Firstly, the formulation policy of Law Number 22 Year 2009 regarding Traffic and Transportation will be discussed with three main discussion of criminal law which are criminal offense, criminal liability, and crime. Secondly, for the formulation policy of criminal law in the Law concerning traffic and transportation in the future the writer employs the concept of Penal Code 2012 as consideration to attain a formulation that could improve the current formulation. Such formulations are as followed:(a) qualifying offense should be retained but must be consistent with the legislators in the inclusion of criminal penalty so legal result will be clear. (b) In the arrangement of criminal penalty the criminal objective and guideline is needed. Keywords: policy formulation, criminal law, and Traffic

Enter any additional information or requests for the Library here. ; Background:The Traditional Health Practitioners Act (Act No 22, 2007), which elicits controversy in the South African healthcare and public sector since proclamation, went untested through the legislature, driven inside the post-1994 socio-political dispensation. No previous in-depth studies have been identified. Aims: The aim of this study was to determine and to reflect the Act's long term legal implications for the already statutory health professions and the public: specific with the focus on the Constitution and other legislations and possible ways to oppose it. Methods: This is an exploratory and descriptive research, in line with the modern-day history approach of investigation and reviewing research, using contemporary reports, news papers and articles as primary resources to reflect on the situation, thinking, opinions, trends and activities around Act No 22 and its implications on the Constitution and citizen's rights. The focus was also to put Act No 22 in a future in perspective. Findings are represented in narrative form. Results: Act No 22 (2007) was promulgated without an applicable and appropriate scientific needs-analysis. The Act seems to stand to a great extent in conflict with the Constitution as well as various other Acts, like the Witchcraft Suppression Act (No 3, 1957). Conclusions: The Act is still today, nearly a decade after promulgation, not fully active. It is a Constitutional mishap. Notwithstanding its constitutional controversy, the Act's political sanction by governmental agencies and political leaders will ensure that it will not vanish easily from the South African law books.

Nahezu ein Jahrtausend liegt zwischen dem Geschichtswerk des Thukydides (entstanden um 400 v. Chr.) und demjenigen Prokop (Mitte des 6. 1h. n. Chr.). Mit der thukydideischen Geschichte des Peloponnesischen Kriege zwischen Athen und Sparta und ihren jeweiligen VerbUndeten (43 1-404 v. Chr.) beginnt die antike Geschichtsschreibung im Sinne einer nach größtmöglicher Objektivität strebenden kritisch hinterfragenden Darstellung menschlicher Handlungen und der ihnen zugrunde liegenden Abläufe und Mechanismen; mit Prokop findet sie ihren letzten herausragenden Vertreter.

Indonesia has been undergoing a reform process. It started with the process of rapid decentralization government began in 1999 from a strong centralized system. One of its process is the introduction of decentralization, a process of transfer power from the central government to provinces to sub-provinces. Decentralization became a worldwide phenomenon since over three decade. Countries around the world use decentralization principles with varying degree, mostly by transferring responsibilities of public service delivery to lower levels of government. The decentralization literature promotes the good governance aspects associated with decentralization including local citizen participation, democratic elections and financial and political equity. Decentralization in Indonesia is much more of an administrative decentralization rather than a fiscal decentralization. The central government continues to control a vast share of the revenues required for local governance under true decentralization.Key words: Decentralization, Reform Process, Centralized System, Governance

This article investigates how the two Norwegian newspapers Aftenposten and Dagbladet framed the reporting about Anders Behring Breivik (henceforth Breivik) in the aftermath of the terror attacks at the government building in Oslo, leaving eight dead behind, and the killing of 69 young people at the AUF youth summer camp on Utøya on 22 July 2011. On the basis of critical discourse analysis, Robert Entman's framing theory and theories about enemy images, we have analysed a selection of articles from a total sample of 1323 articles covering landmark periods related to the attacks of 22 July 2011: the immediate reaction (22–29 July); the meeting in court to prepare the trial (14–15 November); and the presentation of first psychiatric report (29–30 November). Did the media speculate, before Breivik's identity was known, on the possibility that Muslim extremists were responsible? An analysis of the editorials in Aftenposten and Dagbladet concludes that Aftenposten hypothesized that Muslims might be behind the attack, while Dagbladet mostly avoided such speculation. The divergence in representation is reiterated in the interviews the authors conducted with the two newspapers' editors. After Breivik's identity became known we found three dominating frames, the perpetrator as a 'right-wing extremist', as an 'insane person' or as an 'attention-seeker'. The framing analysis show that the 'insane' frame was the most usual in both Aftenposten and Dagbladet, followed by the 'extreme right wing' frame and 'the attention-seeker' frame. The article discusses how this framing might have influenced the long-term consequence for public debate in Norway. ; acceptedVersion

In our paper we present a corpus of transcribed Lithuanian parliamentary speeches. The corpus is prepared in a specific format, appropriate for different authorship identification tasks. The corpus consists of approximately 111 thousand texts (24 million words). Each text matches one parliamentary speech produced during an ordinary session from the period of 7 parliamentary terms starting on March 10, 1990 and ending on December 23, 2013. The texts are grouped into 147 categories corresponding to individual authors, therefore they can be used for authorship attribution tasks; besides, these texts are also grouped according to age, gender and political views, therefore they are also suitable for author profiling tasks. Whereas short texts complicate recognition of author speaking style and are ambiguous in relation to the style of other authors, we incorporated only texts containing not less than 100 words into the corpus. In order to make each category as comprehensive and representative as possible, we included only those authors, who produced speeches at least 200 times. All the texts are lemmatized, morphologically and syntactically annotated, tokenized into the character n-grams. The statistical information of the corpus is also available. We have also demonstrated that the created corpus can be effectively used in authorship attribution and author profiling tasks with supervised machine learning methods. The corpus structure also allows using it with unsupervised machine learning methods and can be used for creation of rule-based methods, as well as in different linguistic analyses. ; Straipsnyje pristatome Seimo posėdžių stenogramų tekstyną, parengtą specialiu formatu, tinkančiu įvairiems autorystės nustatymo tyrimams. Tekstyną sudaro apie 111 tūkstančių tekstų (24 milijonai žodžių), kurių kiekvienas atitinka vieną parlamentaro pasisakymą eilinės sesijos posėdžio metu bei apima 7 Lietuvos Respublikos Seimo kadencijas: nuo 1990 metų kovo 10 dienos iki 2013 metų gruodžio 23 dienos. Pasisakymų tekstai sugrupuoti pagal autorius į 147 grupes, todėl tinka individualių autorių autorystės nustatymo tyrimams; jie suskirstyti pagal autorių amžiaus grupes, lytį ar politines pažiūras, todėl tinka autorių profilio sudarymo tyrimams. Trumpas tekstas neatskleidžia jo autoriaus kalbėjimo stiliaus, yra daugiaprasmiškas kitų autorių atžvilgiu, todėl į tekstyną įtraukti ne trumpesni nei 100 žodžių tekstai. Kiekvieną autorių atitinkantis tekstų rinkinys turi būti išsamus ir reprezentatyvus, todėl įtraukti autoriai, pasisakę ne mažiau kaip 200 kartų. Visi tekstai automatiškai lemuoti, morfologiškai bei sintaksiškai anotuoti, suskaidyti simbolių n-gramomis, surinkta statistinė informacija. Straipsnyje pademonstruota, kaip sukurtas tekstynas gali būti panaudotas individualių autorių autorystės nustatymo bei autorių profilio sudarymo tyrimams, naudojant prižiūrimo mašininio mokymo metodus. Tekstyno struktūra taip pat leidžia taikyti neprižiūrimo Ligita Šarkutė Viešosios politikos ir administravimo institutas Kauno technologijos universitetas K. Donelaičio g. 20-217 LT-44239 Kaunas, Lietuva El. paštas: ligita.sarkute@ktu.lt 28 mašininio mokymo metodus, patogi taisyklinių-loginių metodų kūrimui bei įvairioms lingvistinėms analizėms.

Cover -- CONTENTS -- CONTEXT -- RECENT DEVELOPMENTS AND OUTLOOK -- PERFORMANCE UNDER THE PROGRAM AND POLICY DISCUSSIONS -- A. Program Performance -- B. Fiscal Policy -- C. Fiscal and Structural Reforms -- D. Monetary, Exchange Rate, and Financial Sector Policies -- PROGRAM MONITORING -- STAFF APPRAISAL -- BOX -- Inland Revenue Act -- FIGURES -- 1. Real Sector -- 2. Fiscal Sector -- 3. Financial Market -- 4. Foreign Exchange and Reserves -- 5. Monetary and Financial Sector -- TABLES -- 1. Selected Economic Indicators, 2014-21 -- 2a. Summary of Central Government Operations, 2014-21 (In billions of rupees ) -- 2b. Summary of Central Government Operations, 2014-21 (In percent of GDP) -- 2c. Summary of Central Government Operations, 2016-17 -- 2d. Central Government Financing Needs, 2015-18 -- 3a. Monetary Accounts, 2014-17 -- 3b. Monetary Accounts, 2015-17 -- 4a. Balance of Payments, 2014-21 -- 4b. Balance of Payments, 2016-17 -- 4c. Gross External Financing, 2014-21 -- 5. Financial Soundness Indicators-All Banks, 2012-16 -- 6. Reviews and Purchases under the Three-year Extended Arrangement -- 7. Projected Payments to the Fund, 2016-2029 -- ANNEXES -- I. Debt Sustainability Analysis -- II. Tax Policy Options -- APPENDIX -- I. Letter of Intent -- Attachment I. Technical Memorandum of Understanding.

Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- How to Use This Book -- Guiding Ideas -- 22 Games -- 1. Arms Crossed: When conditions change, habits must change. -- 2. Avalanche: Understand the implicit rules. They can produce different results than desired or expected. -- 3. Balancing Tubes: You can't achieve long-term goals with short-term perspective. -- 4. The Bathtub Game: A level will decline only if outflows are greater than inflows. -- 5. Biodiversity Game: You can't change only one thing. -- 6. Circles in the Air: Our perspective affects the actions we take in complex systems. -- 7. Frames: To obtain consensus be clear about the mental framework you are using. -- 8. Group Juggle: Adding one more apparently minor problem can sometimes collapse the whole system. -- 9. Hands Down: When trying to understand a complex situation, don't limit your focus to where the action is. -- 10. Harvest: Over the long term, individuals often get more from cooperation than from competition. -- 11. Hit the Target: Delays between perception and response can lead to overshooting the goal. -- 12. Living Loops: It's easier to reach your goals by building a system that achieves them for you. -- 13. Paper Fold: With exponential growth, small growth rates can quickly lead to extremely large numbers. -- 14. Paper Tear: One-way communication is much less effective than interaction. -- 15. Pens: Sustainability depends more on culture than on technology. -- 16. Space for Living: Thinking outside the box can produce win-win solutions. -- 17. Squaring the Circle: Without a shared goal, cooperation is ineffective. -- 18. Thumb Wrestling: Life is not a zero-sum game. -- 19. Triangles: If you want big changes, look for the high-leverage points. -- 20. Warped Juggle: Incremental changes produce improvements -- structural changes produce transformation.

The purpose of this master s thesis is to research the strategy formation process in Canal 22: how the strategy formation process is and why the process is as it is. Because the study deals with the how and why aspects, the researcher has chosen a longitudinal single-case study as the appropriate research methodology. The unit of analysis the case is the strategy formation process in Canal 22. Canal 22 is a Mexican cultural public (service) media company. The case is longitudinal because strategy formation, as a process, deals with change. Thus, the case is studied from 1993 to September 2015. Mintzberg's 5Ps of strategy and the 10 schools of thought about strategy formation are some the models included in the theoretical framework. The research proposition states that Canal 22's strategy formation process has aspects that can be improved. Improvements in the process would increase possibilities to enhance the company's performance. Performance is understood as the company's success to carry out its mission, while maintaining, or increasing, its relevance as a media company, which is affected by the structural change that the Mexican media industry has been going through. The findings show that there is not an agreement of what should be the scope of the channel's contents and products based on its cultural character. Thus, there is contention of whether politics, current news affairs, and critique should belong to the cultural offer of the channel or not. Also, among the members of the organization different and opposing values are embraced. This generates conflict, which in turn affects the strategy formation process. The conclusion is that the strategy formation process in Canal 22 can be improved. According to the findings, Canal 22 would benefit if it had greater autonomy as an entity, if it depended less on federal budget, and if an autonomous planning council, independent of the six-year federal changes, was created. The researcher's additional recommendations are three. First, define the organization mindset. Second, employee engagement and independence on decision-making should be increased. And finally, boost an organizational culture of openness.

En el flujo informativo, algunas imágenes, que calificamos aquí de "recalcitrantes" se resisten a perecer y sobreviven a su contexto de producción. El presente estudio analiza cómo una de ellas, la secuencia televisiva de la proclamación de Juan Carlos como sucesor de Francisco Franco a la jefatura del estado, el 22 de noviembre de 1975, ha sobrevivido, metamorfoseándose hasta hoy en día, de pantallas en pantallas, a través de una muestra representativa de algunas de sus reelaboraciones más significativas. ; In the information flow, some pictures, which we describe here "recalcitrant" resist and survive perish production context. This study analyzes how one of them, the television sequence proclamation of Juan Carlos as successor of Francisco Franco to the head of state, the November 22, 1975, has survived to this day morphing, display screens, through a representative sample of some of his most significant reworking.

The paper examines the causes and circumstances of the establish- ment of a Buddhist theocratic state by Lubsan-Samdan Tsydenov, an outstanding figure of Buriat Buddhism. Drawing upon some hitherto unedited Tibetan, Mongolian and Russian sources, the paper undertakes a detailed reconstruction of the events in Siberian Transbaikalia in the period of the Russian Civil War. An analysis of personal notes by Tsydenov and the text of the constitution of the Kudun Buddhist state shows that "Kudun theocracy" was a syncretic fusion of the traditional Buddhist understanding of the Buddhist "Dharmic state" and modernist conceptions of republicanism and constitutional democracy. The Kudun theocracy should also be interpreted as a response of Buddhist circles to attempts by Buriat secular nationalists to build Buriat statehood based upon the idea of national self-determination. The Kudun project shows that Buddhism could serve as a foundation for state-building at the time of the early twentieth-century Russian political crisis.