This article aims to contribute to Pablo González Casanova's critical thinking analysis and the most problematic and relevant elements for the understanding of global capitalism and the construction of alternative projects, the empowerment of alternative organizations, and thematerialization of a global democracy. To this end, the first section will deal with the study of the fundamental elements of what the author calls new sciences. In the second one, it will show how these elements help to promote organizational movements, parties, and collectives in the construction of alternatives to the capitalist system. In the third one, the problem of the exploitation and the new forms of domination and colonization of the capitalist system will be developed. Finally, in the fourth section, the relationship between the project of global democracy as resistance and the alternative to the capitalist system is addressed.
La Ley 20/2013, de 9 de diciembre, de Garantía de la Unidad de Mercado (LGUM) introduce una serie de medidas de armonización normativa y de supresión de barreras administrativas, las cuales han tenido un fuerte impacto en el régimen jurídico del comercio interior. Con esta norma el legislador estatal ha definido un modelo de intervención económica claramente liberal y ha impuesto a las Comunidades Autónomas un marco muy limitado para poder ejercer sus competencias. Se trata de una norma controvertida que prevé una regulación que plantea dudas razonables de constitucionalidad desde el ámbito competencial de las Comunidades Autónomas, y por ello, ha sido recurrida desde varias instancias ante el Tribunal Constitucional. En este trabajo analizamos cuáles son los efectos que se derivan de esta normativa en las competencias autonómicas sobre la ordenación de los equipamientos comerciales. Para ello se ha estudiado cómo ha evolucionado, desde la Directiva Servicios, el régimen de intervención administrativa de los equipamientos comerciales, el cual se ha ido debilitando con las corrientes neoliberales que inspiran las sucesivas reformas de la normativa estatal, e imponiéndose una tendencia recentralizadora de las competencias del Estado. También examinamos los preceptos impugnados de la LGUM y las concretas impugnaciones realizadas por los recurrentes para llegar a dilucidar la doctrina más reciente del Tribunal Constitucional que parte de la Sentencia 79/2017, de 22 de junio, sobre si la LGUM afecta al ejercicio de las competencias en comercio interior de las Comunidades Autónomas.Merkatu Batasuna Bermatzeko abenduaren 9ko 20/2013 Legearen (MBBL) bitartez neurri batzuk ezarri ziren araubide bateraturako eta oztopo administratiboak deuseztatzeko, eta horiek eragin handia izan dute barne merkataritzako araubide juridikoan. Arau horren bitartez Estatuko legegileek argi eta garbi liberala den esku-hartze eredua definitu dute eta autonomia-erkidegoei esparru oso mugatua ezarri die eskumenak baliatzeko. Arau eztabaidagarria da, horren arabera araubideak duda asko sortzen baititu konstituziozkotasunari buruz autonomia- erkidegoen eskumenen esparruan, eta horregatik Auzitegi Konstituzionalean zenbait instantzien bitartez errekurritua izan da. Lan honetan araubide horretatik sortzen diren ondorioak aztertuko ditugu merkataritza ekipamenduen gaineko eskumen autonomikoei dagokienez. Horretarako, Zerbitzuen Zuzentaraua kontuan hartuz, aztertu egin da nola garatu den administrazioaren esku hartzea merkataritza ekipamenduetan. Hala, ahultzen joan da joera neoliberaletan oinarritutako Estatuko araubidearen etengabeko aldaketekin, eta Estatuaren eskumenak berriz ere zentralizatzeko joera ezarri da. Aztertu egin ditugu, halaber, MBBLren aurkaratutako xedapenak eta errekurtsogileek egindako inpugnazio zehatzak, argitu nahirik zein den Konstituzio Auzitegiaren doktrina berriena ¿haren ekainaren 22ko 79/2017 epaitik abiarazten dena¿ gai honi buruz: ea MBBLk eragiten dion ala ez Autonomia Erkidegoek barne merkataritzan dituzten eskumenen baliatzeari.The Act 20/2013, of December 9, on the protection of market unity (LGUM) introduces a series of regulatory measures for legal harmonization and the removal of administrative barriers, which have had a strong impact on the legal regime of internal trade. With this Act, the State legislator has defined a clearly liberal model of economic intervention and has imposed on Autonomous Communities a very limited framework to exercise their powers. This is a controversial rule that provides for a regulation that raises reasonable issues of constitutionality from the point of view of the competences of the Autonomous Communities, and for this reason, it has been appealed against from several instances before the Constitutional Court. In this paper we analyze the effects that derive from this regulation in the autonomic competences on the development of commercial facilities. For this purpose, it has been studied how the administrative intervention regime of commercial facilities has evolved since the enactment of the Services Directive, which has been weakened by the neoliberal currents that inspire the successive reforms of the State regulations, and how a recentralizing trend of the State powers has prevailed. We also look at the contested provisions of the LGUM and at the specific challenges brought by the appellants to elucidate the most recent doctrine of the Constitutional Court based on Judgment 79/2017, of June 22, on whether the LGUM affects the exercise of competences in internal trade by the Autonomous Communities.
Intro -- Página de Titulo -- Página de Copyright -- Mujeres de Escocia -- CAPÍTULO UNO | SANTAS Y GUERRERAS DE LOS CELTAS: FOLCLORE Y LEYENDA | "Donde hay una vaca hay una mujer, y donde hay una mujer hay malicia". Santa Columba -- CAPÍTULO DOS | LAS PIADOSAS Y LAS PATRIOTAS | Llegué temprano, llegué tarde | Encontré a Black Agnes en la puerta. - Dicho popular -- CAPÍTULO TRES | "A DIOS GRACIAS, ESTOY EMBARAZADA DEL REY" | En ma fin git mon commencement (En mi final está mi comienzo) - Mary, Reina de Escocia -- CAPÍTULO CUATRO | LAS SINVERGÜENZAS DE LA ALIANZA | Las puertas del infierno se rompen con un crujido | El signo triunfal es el de la cruz | William Dunbar -- CÁPITULO CINCO | SABIAS, BRUJAS Y VIDENTES | No dejarás con vida a la hechicera - Éxodo 22:18 -- CAPÍTULO SEIS | MUJERES JACOBITAS | Es mejor romperse el corazón que hacer nada con él. | Margaret Kennedy -- CAPÍTULO SIETE | VÍCTIMAS Y VENGADORAS | Las mujeres y los elefantes nunca olvidan una herida | H. H. Munro -- CAPÍTULO OCHO | CLASE Y CULTURA | Nunca salude con la cabeza a una dama en la calle, tampoco se contente con tocar su sombrero, sino quíteselo - es una cortesía que su sexo exige | Consejos de Etiqueta, 1836 -- CAPÍTULO NUEVE -- CAPÍTULO DIEZ | PATRULLAS DE ENGANCHE Y GRUMETES DE LA PÓLVORA | Los chicos y mujeres que transportaban la pólvora... se comportaban como los hombres | John Nicol -- CAPÍTULO ONCE | SÓLO LAS TEJEDORAS USABAN SOMBREROS: MUJERES INDUSTRIALES | Todo trabajo, incluso hilar algodón, es noble | Thomas Carlyle -- CAPÍTULO DOCE | TODAS AL MAR | Volveré a la gran y dulce madre | Madre y amante de hombres, la mar | Swinburne -- CAPÍTULO TRECE | LAS PESCADORAS | Aquellas que guían el monedero dominan la casa | Walter Scott -- CAPÍTULO CATORCE | GRAN AVENTURA | Viajo, no para ir a algún lugar, sino para irme | R. L. Stevenson.
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El objetivo del estudio es identificar las razones que inducen a las personas para difundir de manera irresponsable información sobre el tratamiento de la Covid-19 y descalificar los reportes científicos que rechazan el uso de algunas sustancias por poner en riesgo la salud de las personas. La rápida difusión de la Covid-19, trajo consigo un problema igual o más peligroso que la viremia misma, como es la difusión irresponsable de información no respaldada por la ciencia en relación al tratamiento de esta enfermedad poniendo en peligro la salud a la población al fomentar el manejo de conductas riesgosas y no avaladas científicamente. El estudio realizado es cualitativo fenomenológico, en el que se realizó análisis documental, de videos y publicaciones en redes sociales, así como entrevistas no estructuradas a 12 personas entre 20 a 65 años de edad de Bolivia, Perú, Ecuador y Venezuela, con análisis inductivo en software Atlas ti v.22, de 3 categorías orientadoras sobre causas y percepciones de difusión no responsable de información y descalificación de evidencia científica, obteniéndose 9 categorías emergentes en base al enraizamiento y densidad, con triangulación intercategorial y de informantes. Se encontró que las causas individuales se presentan en 58%, y sociales 48% relacionadas a pobre educación en salud y ausencia de argumentos científicos suficientes. En la evaluación de influencias inmediatas, mediatas y potenciales en el software MIC MAC y luego de la evaluación de expertos temáticos, se evidencia que la pobre educación en salud, se constituye en el elemento influenciador e influenciado más importante que influye en la difusión de bulos y descalificación científica de información sobre COVID-19, por lo que se recomienda a los gobernantes y científicos, poner énfasis en la forma de comunicación a la población sobre enfermedades emergentes, realizando campañas de educación permanentes en el tema.
How far go the links of Hegel to Aristotle? In what sense can we say that Hegel's philosophy aspires to be the consummation of the aristotelian one? In this article we analyze the meaning and equivalence of the concepts of νοῦς and ἐνὲϱγεια of the paragraph Met. Λ 7, 1072b18-30, in Hegelian philosophy. Especially with the concept of "effective reality" (Wirklichkeit). In the ancient world, imitatio auctoris was cultivated as a conscious eagerness to un derstand and appropriate a content that was considered valuable and true. The imitatio did not consist in the crude repetition of an author, but in the effort to improve the understanding of a truth that one wishes to illuminate. Hegel imitates Aristotle to the point of emulating him. He overcomes the past without completely eliminating it. He contains it, updates it and keeps it alive. The Hegelian Aufhebung is imitatio of the classics.
From the perspective of essay, this article is an analytical, but above all hermeneutic, reading of the relationships that education has maintained with thought, language, and power. The research is based, in the first place, on a rigorous and systematic documentation, and then move on to the selection of those texts that, in the opinion of the author, have greater relevance to the subject and that, in addition, represent the nuclear approaches of Michel Foucault and Edgar Morín. The arguments of these two authors are detailed and analyzed, as arduous critics of classical pedagogy, its actors, and strategies. It is concluded that, in both authors, there is an effort to find the threads of power that sustain in the periphery, some discourses, typical of an education that questions the dominant rationality and that postulate different ways of thinking, such as: an archaeology of knowledge in the style of Foucault or the complex thought proposed by Morín.
One way to expand social, cultural, and religious communication and interaction in Islamic societies is to preserve cultural heritage and expand the tourism industry. Considering the emphasis of religious sources on the necessity of objective and theoretical study in history and the role that this heritage plays in preserving the identity and civilization of Islamic societies, its preservation is obligatory. Therefore, one of the essential programs that should be considered in this regard is the development of laws derived from books and traditions to preserve cultural heritage. In this article, the author examines the meaning of cultural heritage, national security, the effects of preserving cultural heritage, and methods of preserving this heritage in Islamic societies, takfiri groups to destroy cultural heritage, and their study based on religious sources. One of the critical research findings is the obligation to preserve the past's cultural heritage in light of military, cultural, and economic security. The development of the tourism industry is not possible without preserving cultural heritage.
En México existe una transición epidemiológica donde la población de adultos mayores aumenta de manera exponencial a la vez que aumentan las enfermedades no transmisibles y otras situaciones de salud importantes como depresión, baja autoestima, soledad y desesperanza. Frente a este panorama, los programas de salud promueven acciones de promoción de la salud y prevención de la enfermedad, enfatizando en la realización de ejercicio como una estrategia básica para prevenir enfermedades crónicas. Se planteó la pregunta: ¿Cuál es el efecto de un programa de ejercicios controlado, gradual, progresivo y de bajo impacto cardiovascular en un grupo de adultos mayores sobre los afectos positivos y negativos? Ensayo clínico aleatorizado y controlado con intervención simple ciego en dos grupos equivalentes (experimental y control), bajo un modelo de mediciones repetidas. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 45 sujetos. Se seleccionaron adultos mayores de 60 a 70 años, de ambos sexos, sin riesgo cardiaco; se excluyeron aquellos con patologías que pudieran causar limitaciones en la funcionalidad músculo esquelético o cardiopulmonar. La intervención consistió en la realización de ejercicio de forma gradual y progresiva, con una frecuencia de 3 veces por semana durante 10 semanas. El instrumento utilizado para evaluar los afectos positivos y negativos fue el PANAS. Ingresaron al grupo control 22 adultos mayores (edad 66.6± 6.14) y al grupo experimental 23 adultos mayores (edad 67.0± 7.19); completaron el programa 38 adultos mayores. En ambos grupos predominaron las mujeres (66.7%), el nivel socioeconómico medio (73.3%) y escolaridad básica (44.6%). No existió diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre los grupos antes de la intervención, en contraste, después de la intervención de ejercicio existió diferencia significativa de ambos grupos, observando un incremento en los afectos positivos y disminución de afectos negativos en el grupo experimental y un comportamiento inversamente proporcional en el grupo control. El programa de ejercicio de bajo impacto de intensidad gradual y progresiva de 10 semanas y 3 sesiones por semana, probó ser efectivo para aumentar los afectos positivos y disminuir los efectos negativos en el grupo experimental de adultos mayores.
The article aims to develop a correct understanding of the essence and implications of the basic principles and legal provisions governing tax matters, as well as to form an insight into their evolutionary transformations on the basis of the exchange of relevant best practices between Ukraine and other countries. Relying on methods of comparative review, as well as methods of systematic review and standard techniques of text analysis, the author covers theoretical and practical issues related to the balanced combination of literal and intentional interpretation of tax legislation provisions, in dubio pro tributario in the interpretation of tax laws and question of reasonable cause and good faith of taxpayers. It is noted, in particular, that common law countries and continental legal systems are united by a tendency towards a balanced combination of literal and purposive interpretation. It is emphasized in the conclusions that, along with the literal wording of tax law provisions, the purpose of their introduction and the general principles of tax law are taken into account. Moreover, in some countries, reference to the intention of the legislators is even allowed.
The aim of this study was to analyze the criminal legal system to establish criminal influence during the armed aggression against Ukraine. Since the beginning of Russia's armed aggression in Ukraine, the number of war crimes committed by the Russian military has increased. Investigating criminal influence during the war is a completely new area of work for law enforcement. General methods of scientific investigation and special methods of legal investigation were used. The author examines the types of criminal influence in the context of Russian aggression against Ukraine according to the Rome Statute and the Criminal Code of Ukraine. Common criminal offenses in 2021 and 2022 are identified. The low effectiveness of the judiciary in holding perpetrators of criminal influence criminally accountable is determined. It is concluded that the amendment of criminal legislation by shortening the terms of investigation and abbreviated procedure of prosecution of minor criminal offenses will ensure their prompt investigation and prosecution, which, in turn, will relieve the investigative bodies and the judiciary from the burden of dealing with serious and particularly serious criminal offenses.
This article analyzes the most influential posts on Facebook related to COVID-19, for the first two years of the pandemic, to explain how parasocial opinion leaders created echo chambers, in the Romanian public sphere, and to discuss the cumulative spillover effects these echo chambers had on society at large. A database of the 233,242 most influential posts in Romanian about COVID-19, from the first two years of the pandemic, is investigated using a mixed methods approach, to 1) verify statistically if issue-related echo chambers existed and 2) to describe, qualitatively, how they functioned. A special focus is devoted to trolling in the form of reactions to posts, such as haha reactions for messages about COVID-related deaths. Using the literature on parasocial interaction, inoculation theory, online disinhibition effect and echo chambers, the article shows how echo chambers supported trolling behavior, for radicalized Facebook users, how they polluted the public discussion and how they made dialog impossible for social groups that ended up identifying each other as the enemy. Based on these research results, the author proposes two policy recommendations for social platforms.
In this research, the objective was to analyze justice from the liberal perspective of John Rawls and Martha Nussbaum, with a comparative approach. A documentary review of the bibliographic material about the productions of Rawls (1975, 1971, 1986, 1996, 1097), and Nussbaum (1992, 2007, 2012, 2014, 2016) was carried out, also considering the approach of experts in the subject. It is a qualitative research of descriptive type, with methodological design of theoretical, documentary and diachronic cut. The data collection technique was the signing or registration of author, documentary and content references. As a result, an analytical comparison was established referring to some criteria on the notion of justice, and it is concluded by analyzing the postulates of these two philosophers, that the theoretical supports of Rawls, are far from the real society, by assuming that all primary social goods; freedom, equal opportunities, income, wealth and the bases of mutual respect, must be distributed in an equal way, while for Nussbaum justice must produce in its citizens the ability to deliberate, think, discuss, choose and tries to overcome the concept of justice proper to contractualism ensuring respect for the value and dignity of each individual.
The objective of the study was to determine the characteristics and perspectives of the use of computer simulation as a method for investigating crimes committed in the course of an armed conflict. In addition, the study involved a system approach, descriptive analysis, systematic sampling, doctrinal approach and prognostic methods. The author chooses the technological direction of application of the simulation (prospective or retrospective) and simulates the characteristics of the event, the identity of the offender, the victim of the crime and the sequence of the investigation process. In the course of hostilities, computer simulation can be performed by representatives of national and international law enforcement agencies, depending on the type of crime. Computer simulation in the course of armed conflict requires standardization of procedures and improvement of the substantive and instrumental components of the application of this method. It is concluded that this model has different perspectives for its development, which include: standardization of procedures with due regard to the specifics of the crime committed and the offender; details of information sources; technological direction of simulation; possible types of models; and, the need/appropriateness of involving international coordination assistance.
The article examines the impact of the coalition approach in US policy on integration processes in Europe in the post-bipolar era. The aim of this article was to identify the peculiarities of the political situation in the world after a period of escalation of the nuclear conflict. It involved an analysis of sources in the field of coalition approach research in the United States, as well as a comparison of its impact on the political situation and European Union law. The author concluded that there is a lack of proper research in the field of the impact of the coalition approach in US policy in the post-bipolar era, and its impact on integration processes in Europe. Comparing the experience of the EU and the US, it was determined that the awareness of nuclear danger affected the development of a coalition approach in US policy. The study resulted in the identified specifics of the EU's security policy under the influence of the US coalition approach, where the need to ensure stability and armed security is crucial. Prospects for further research include identifying US influence on Eastern countries.
The purpose of the research was to study the fundamental provisions of the Constitution of India and the amendments made to it, which regulate the constitutional foundations and principles of the formation of a sovereign, secular, and democratic state. In addition, the article discusses the constitutional provisions relating to the acquisition of independence, the freedom of India, the formal establishment and consolidation of the fundamental rights and freedoms of its citizens and the abolition of the institution of untouchability. The study of the role and importance of the political and legal views of the leader of the national liberation movement, the philosopher and jurist Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi in shaping the constitutional foundations and state structure of India is of some interest. The author used a complex of scientific methods to achieve the objective. It is concluded that the achievement of India's political independence, the declaration of equal rights and freedoms and the abolition of the untouchable caste in the state Constitution, is a significant contribution to the development of this country and a rapid step in increasing India's importance in the world.
