Después de más de treinta años, la ley de costas española ha sido profundamente modificada. Sigue en vigor, excepto en aquellos aspectos que se han revisado, pero los cambios son tan profundos que se ha dibujado un escenario notablemente distinto al anterior. En este trabajo se recogen los motivos que han hecho de la ley de 1988 una norma difícil de aplicar, así como la controversia generada especialmente por la transformación de los propietarios de viviendas situadas en el dominio público, en titulares de un derecho de ocupación temporal. Los efectos de los informes de la Comisión de Peticiones del Parlamento Europeo, emitidos en 2009 y 2013, han sido también determinantes en la redacción de la Ley 2/2013 de protección y uso sostenible del litoral y de modificación de la Ley 22/1988, de Costas. ; More than thirty years after, the Spanish Coastal Law has been deeply modified. Remains in force, except in those aspects that have been revised, but the changes are so profound that a noticeably different from the preceding stage is drawn. This work includes the reasons that have made the 1988 Coastal Law very difficult to apply, and the controversy generated by the transformation of households located in public domain in holders of a right of temporary occupation. The effects of the reports of the Committee on Petitions of the European Parliament, issued in 2009 and 2013, have also been determinant in the drafting of the law 2/2013 of protection and sustainable use of coasts and modification of the 22/1988, former law of coasts.
In the summer of 2015 the 22 July Information Centre in Oslo opened four years to the day after Anders Behring Breivik massacred seventyseven people on 22 July 2011. Eight died in a bomb attack on a government building in downtown Oslo. He killed a further sixtynine people, predominantly young members of the Arbeidernes Ungdomsfylking (AUF), the Norwegian Labour Party Youth Wing, in a pre-meditated shooting spree on the island of Utøya, about forty kilometers north of Oslo. Many more were injured. Breivik's terrorism was rooted in a mélange of militant far-right, ethno-racist, anti-multiculturalist and Islamophobic ideas, amongst others, explained in a lengthy manifesto distributed by email shortly before the bomb attack.
Este ensayo es la versión del autor, previa a la revisión por los editores, y a la versión final, que será publicada en el libro titulado provisionalmente 'A Maturing Market. The Iberian World in the First Half of the Seventeenth Century', editado por Alexander S. Wilkinson y Alejandra Ulla Lorenzo (en prensa para Brill, 2017). El autor desea expresar su agradecimiento a los editores y a la editorial por conceder permiso para publicar esta versión previa. ; This is the pre-peer-review, author's version of a book chapter that will be published in "A Maturing Market. The Iberian World in the First Half of the Seventeenth Century", edited by Alexander S. Wilkinson and Alejandra Ulla Lorenzo (forthcoming in Brill, 2017). The author is grateful to the editors and the publisher for permission to issue this version. ; This chapter will focus on several case studies that illustrate the nature of the material and intellectual networks of authors, editors, publishers and translators who laid the foundations of the international republic of letters as a virtual third space between the inveterate system of aristocratic patronage and the growing mass of urban consumers. It shall first trace the evolution of the new conditions within the book market and the concerns they raised among authors through a comparison of some texts produced in England by Gabriel Harvey (ca. 1552-1631) and his circles with the pragmatic political vocabulary displayed a generation later by Antonio López de Vega (ca. 1586-1655) in Spain. Whereas Harvey and López de Vega shared the influence of international Ciceronianism, one of the most remarkable differences between them lies in the shift from the moral concerns of sixteenth-century humanism to the more pragmatic and disenchanted views expressed in the languages of neostoicism and Tacitism. The second part of this chapter will then examine the consequences deriving from the development of a new international market for the mass consumption of cultural products, chiefly printed matter, but also the public commercial stage. Situated between its status as a new form of mass entertainment in thriving urban milieus and its canonization as printed goods through the publication of the most successful among these plays, the public stage constitutes a uniquely dynamic phenomenon that illustrates these literary, intellectual and material developments. The international republic of letters stood as a heterogeneous and adiaphoric public space that grew out of these manifold tensions. The interdisciplinary discourse that created and regulated it was woven with the languages of moral philosophy, politics and theology, as well as the vocabulary of traditional literary doctrine. Its agents were–to use an expression coined by Antonio López de Vega—men of understanding engaged in a transnational conversation sustained by common language and common sense. This pragmatic and consensual view of language and knowledge resulted from the intersection between the new trends of cultural and literary mercantilism, on the one hand, and more traditional aesthetic theories founded upon the discourse of what David Summers has called Renaissance Naturalism, on the other.
Cover -- Big Data: Eine ökonomische Perspektive -- "Industrie 4.0" - Rechtsrahmen für eine Datenwirtschaft im digitalen Binnenmarkt -- Kartellrecht und Datenschutzrecht - Verhältnis einer "Hass-Liebe"? -- Ist Wissen Marktmacht? - Überlegungen zum Verhältnis von Datenschutz, "Datenmacht" und Kartellrecht -- Die Bedeutung von Daten für den Wettbewerb zwischen Suchmaschinen -- Daten und Wettbewerb in der digitalen Ökonomie (Tagungsbericht) -- Autorenverzeichnis
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Following is the Joint Statement issued by the 34 Heads of State and Government, in Quebec City, Canada on April 22, 2001: We, the democratically elected heads of State and Government of the Americas, gathered in the city of Quebec in our Third Summit, we renew our commitment to hemispheric integration and national and collective responsibility in order to improve the economic well-being and security of our peoples. We have adopted an Action Plan to strengthen representative democracy, promote efficient governance and protect human rights and fundamental freedoms. We seek to create greater prosperity and increase economic opportunities and, at the same time, promote social justice and develop the human potential. We reiterate our firm commitment and adherence to the principles and purposes of the Charters of the United Nations and of the Organization of American States (OAS). ; A continuación la Declaración Conjunta emitida por los 34 jefes de Estado y de Gobierno, en la Ciudad de Quebec, Canadá el 22 de abril de 2001: Nosotros, los jefes de Estado y de Gobierno de las Américas elegidos democráticamente, reunidos en la ciudad de Quebec en nuestra Tercera Cumbre, renovamos nuestro compromiso con la integración hemisférica y la responsabilidad nacional y colectiva a fin de mejorar el bienestar económico y la seguridad de nuestros pueblos. Hemos adoptado un Plan de Acción para fortalecer la democracia representativa, promover una eficiente gestión de gobierno y proteger los Derechos Humanos y las libertades fundamentales.l Buscamos crear mayor prosperidad e incrementar las oportunidades económicas y, al mismo tiempo, fomentar la justicia social y desarrollar el potencial humano. Reiteramos nuestro firme compromiso y adhesión a los principios y propósitos de las Cartas de las Naciones Unidas y de la Organización de los Estados Americanos (OEA).
Pamphlets of M. Hvylyoviy's is an effective journalistic materials, the functional distinction between the author and the image of the author on the basis of them helps to understand the features of journalistic communication. The article aims to trace the pamphlets of M. Hvylyoviy's the category of the author and the image of the author and to determine their functions in the process of journalistic communication; the goal is to show the opinions of scholars regarding the author and the image of the author; to compare definition of these concepts in philology and jurnalistilor; to distinguish between the pamphlets of the characteristics of the author and the author; to explain the functions of the two categories in journalism.Category of authorship in the theory of journalism is more common with its definitions in the literature, timing the author, the image of the author, the image of the narrator, the researchers use both spheres of creative activity. In the literature highlight the concept of «the creator of the artwork» as the subject of artistic activity, «the image of the author» — shows the artist's own account in his work, «the artist-creator», the interpreter of life events, the prophet and the mouthpiece of tradition and «the way of the storyteller» — as a contingent, and not a real author-creator. Artistic and journalistic works of different nature, which affects the features of the functioning in them of the author and the image of the author. Artwork drawn to your imaginary world, is an aesthetic system, autonomous in relation to the real world of the reader, the artist deliberately departs from verisimilitude, he wants to establish high aesthetic ideals. Journalistic text represents reality, this documentary system, important for the reader documento being played. Satirist-publicist analyzes the reality, appeals to the rational sphere of the reader, helps to understand the mental negative, activates the public; the category of theauthor is exactly is the actual narrative terms. The image of a pamphleteer emotional sensations sent to the recipient, it acts into the quasi-fictional the narrative field, provokes laught. Hvylyoviy-pamphleteer — is the polymath, politician art critic, pamphleteer embodies the jester, he mocks, criticizes and makes fun of everyone and everything. Communication potential of the pamphlets is determined by the author's rational comprehension of reality and the negative emotional impact of the image of the pamphleteer. ; Памфлеты Н. Хвылевого — эффективные журналистские материалы, функциональное разграничение категорий автор и образ автора на их примере помогает осознать особенности публицистической коммуникации. Сатирик-публицистанализирует реальную действительность, апеллирует к рациональной сфере читателя, помогает постигнуть умом отрицательное; категория автор представляет конкретно-фактический план повествования. Образ памфлетиста устремлен кэмоциональному ощущению реципиента, действиями в условно-вымышленном поле повествования он провоцирует смех. Хвылевый-памфлетист — это эрудит, политик, искусствовед, который логически рассуждает о негативной действительности, образ автора наделен чертами шута, он критикует и высмеивает всех и все. Коммуникативный потенциал памфлетов определяется авторским рациональным осмыслением реальности и эмоциональным влиянием образа памфлетиста. ; Памфлети М. Хвильового — ефективні журналістські матеріали, функціональне розмежування категорій автор та образ автора на їх основі допомагає усвідомити особливості публіцистичної комунікації. Сатирик-публіцист аналізує реальну дійсність, апелює до раціональної сфери читача, допомагає розумово осягнути негативне; категорія автор представляє конкретно-фактичний план оповіді. Образ памфлетиста скерований до емоційного відчуття реципієнта, діями в умовно-вигаданому полі оповіді він провокує сміх. Хвильовий-памфлетист — це ерудит, політик, мистецтвознавець, що логічно розмірковує про негативну дійсність, образ автора наділений рисами блазня, який критикує і висміює всіх і все. Комунікаційний потенціал памфлетів визначається авторським раціональним осмисленням реальності та емоційним впливом образу памфлетиста.
In 2016 the German Environment Agency (UBA) and the German Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG) organised a conference on plastics in freshwater environments on behalf of the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (BMUB). 220 attendants from 20 European and two non-European countries attended the conference. The objective was to exchange knowledge on plastics in European freshwater environments and to discuss its environmental and societal implications. In preparation of the conference an informal questionnaire was sent to water management agencies in Europe with questions on monitoring, risk awareness and management options. This publication contains the abstracts of the oral presentations.
This Research Note presents a new dataset of party patronage in 22 countries from five regions. The data was collected based on the same methodology to compare patterns of patronage within countries, across countries and across world regions that are usually studied separately. The Note addresses three research questions that are at the center of debates on party patronage, which is understood as the power of political parties to make appointments to the public and semi-public sector: the scope of patronage, the underlying motivations, and the criteria on the basis of which appointees are selected. The exploration of the dataset shows that party patronage is, to a different degree, widespread across all regions. The data further shows differences between policy areas, types of institutions such as government ministries, agencies and state-owned enterprises, and higher, middle and lower ranks of the bureaucracy. It is demonstrated that the political control of policy-making and implementation is the most common motivation for making political appointments. However, in countries with a large scope of patronage, appointments serve the purpose of both political control and rewarding supporters in exchange for votes and services. Finally, the data shows that parties prefer to select appointees who are characterized by political and personal loyalty as well as professional competence.
Abstract This paper focuses on the criminal law formulation policy related to criminal Law No. 22 of 2009 concerning Traffic and transportation. The policy formulation certainly need to be tied in every stage of the making, the implementation and accomplishment in order to create a sustain system. The formulation policy or the stage of making the law is a fundamental policy in criminal law policy because formulation policy is determinant of to whether a law could be applied in society. The issues discussed in this paper are: (1) How the formulation policy of criminal law in Law Number 22 Year 2009 regarding Traffic and transportation? (2) How the formulation policy of criminal law in the Law of Traffic and Transportation in the future? Firstly, the formulation policy of Law Number 22 Year 2009 regarding Traffic and Transportation will be discussed with three main discussion of criminal law which are criminal offense, criminal liability, and crime. Secondly, for the formulation policy of criminal law in the Law concerning traffic and transportation in the future the writer employs the concept of Penal Code 2012 as consideration to attain a formulation that could improve the current formulation. Such formulations are as followed:(a) qualifying offense should be retained but must be consistent with the legislators in the inclusion of criminal penalty so legal result will be clear. (b) In the arrangement of criminal penalty the criminal objective and guideline is needed. Keywords: policy formulation, criminal law, and Traffic
Enter any additional information or requests for the Library here. ; Background:The Traditional Health Practitioners Act (Act No 22, 2007), which elicits controversy in the South African healthcare and public sector since proclamation, went untested through the legislature, driven inside the post-1994 socio-political dispensation. No previous in-depth studies have been identified. Aims: The aim of this study was to determine and to reflect the Act's long term legal implications for the already statutory health professions and the public: specific with the focus on the Constitution and other legislations and possible ways to oppose it. Methods: This is an exploratory and descriptive research, in line with the modern-day history approach of investigation and reviewing research, using contemporary reports, news papers and articles as primary resources to reflect on the situation, thinking, opinions, trends and activities around Act No 22 and its implications on the Constitution and citizen's rights. The focus was also to put Act No 22 in a future in perspective. Findings are represented in narrative form. Results: Act No 22 (2007) was promulgated without an applicable and appropriate scientific needs-analysis. The Act seems to stand to a great extent in conflict with the Constitution as well as various other Acts, like the Witchcraft Suppression Act (No 3, 1957). Conclusions: The Act is still today, nearly a decade after promulgation, not fully active. It is a Constitutional mishap. Notwithstanding its constitutional controversy, the Act's political sanction by governmental agencies and political leaders will ensure that it will not vanish easily from the South African law books.
Nahezu ein Jahrtausend liegt zwischen dem Geschichtswerk des Thukydides (entstanden um 400 v. Chr.) und demjenigen Prokop (Mitte des 6. 1h. n. Chr.). Mit der thukydideischen Geschichte des Peloponnesischen Kriege zwischen Athen und Sparta und ihren jeweiligen VerbUndeten (43 1-404 v. Chr.) beginnt die antike Geschichtsschreibung im Sinne einer nach größtmöglicher Objektivität strebenden kritisch hinterfragenden Darstellung menschlicher Handlungen und der ihnen zugrunde liegenden Abläufe und Mechanismen; mit Prokop findet sie ihren letzten herausragenden Vertreter.
Indonesia has been undergoing a reform process. It started with the process of rapid decentralization government began in 1999 from a strong centralized system. One of its process is the introduction of decentralization, a process of transfer power from the central government to provinces to sub-provinces. Decentralization became a worldwide phenomenon since over three decade. Countries around the world use decentralization principles with varying degree, mostly by transferring responsibilities of public service delivery to lower levels of government. The decentralization literature promotes the good governance aspects associated with decentralization including local citizen participation, democratic elections and financial and political equity. Decentralization in Indonesia is much more of an administrative decentralization rather than a fiscal decentralization. The central government continues to control a vast share of the revenues required for local governance under true decentralization.Key words: Decentralization, Reform Process, Centralized System, Governance
