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Pamphlets of M. Hvylyoviy's is an effective journalistic materials, the functional distinction between the author and the image of the author on the basis of them helps to understand the features of journalistic communication. The article aims to trace the pamphlets of M. Hvylyoviy's the category of the author and the image of the author and to determine their functions in the process of journalistic communication; the goal is to show the opinions of scholars regarding the author and the image of the author; to compare definition of these concepts in philology and jurnalistilor; to distinguish between the pamphlets of the characteristics of the author and the author; to explain the functions of the two categories in journalism.Category of authorship in the theory of journalism is more common with its definitions in the literature, timing the author, the image of the author, the image of the narrator, the researchers use both spheres of creative activity. In the literature highlight the concept of «the creator of the artwork» as the subject of artistic activity, «the image of the author» — shows the artist's own account in his work, «the artist-creator», the interpreter of life events, the prophet and the mouthpiece of tradition and «the way of the storyteller» — as a contingent, and not a real author-creator. Artistic and journalistic works of different nature, which affects the features of the functioning in them of the author and the image of the author. Artwork drawn to your imaginary world, is an aesthetic system, autonomous in relation to the real world of the reader, the artist deliberately departs from verisimilitude, he wants to establish high aesthetic ideals. Journalistic text represents reality, this documentary system, important for the reader documento being played. Satirist-publicist analyzes the reality, appeals to the rational sphere of the reader, helps to understand the mental negative, activates the public; the category of theauthor is exactly is the actual narrative terms. The image of a pamphleteer emotional sensations sent to the recipient, it acts into the quasi-fictional the narrative field, provokes laught. Hvylyoviy-pamphleteer — is the polymath, politician art critic, pamphleteer embodies the jester, he mocks, criticizes and makes fun of everyone and everything. Communication potential of the pamphlets is determined by the author's rational comprehension of reality and the negative emotional impact of the image of the pamphleteer. ; Памфлеты Н. Хвылевого — эффективные журналистские материалы, функциональное разграничение категорий автор и образ автора на их примере помогает осознать особенности публицистической коммуникации. Сатирик-публицистанализирует реальную действительность, апеллирует к рациональной сфере читателя, помогает постигнуть умом отрицательное; категория автор представляет конкретно-фактический план повествования. Образ памфлетиста устремлен кэмоциональному ощущению реципиента, действиями в условно-вымышленном поле повествования он провоцирует смех. Хвылевый-памфлетист — это эрудит, политик, искусствовед, который логически рассуждает о негативной действительности, образ автора наделен чертами шута, он критикует и высмеивает всех и все. Коммуникативный потенциал памфлетов определяется авторским рациональным осмыслением реальности и эмоциональным влиянием образа памфлетиста. ; Памфлети М. Хвильового — ефективні журналістські матеріали, функціональне розмежування категорій автор та образ автора на їх основі допомагає усвідомити особливості публіцистичної комунікації. Сатирик-публіцист аналізує реальну дійсність, апелює до раціональної сфери читача, допомагає розумово осягнути негативне; категорія автор представляє конкретно-фактичний план оповіді. Образ памфлетиста скерований до емоційного відчуття реципієнта, діями в умовно-вигаданому полі оповіді він провокує сміх. Хвильовий-памфлетист — це ерудит, політик, мистецтвознавець, що логічно розмірковує про негативну дійсність, образ автора наділений рисами блазня, який критикує і висміює всіх і все. Комунікаційний потенціал памфлетів визначається авторським раціональним осмисленням реальності та емоційним впливом образу памфлетиста.

In 2016 the German Environment Agency (UBA) and the German Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG) organised a conference on plastics in freshwater environments on behalf of the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (BMUB). 220 attendants from 20 European and two non-European countries attended the conference. The objective was to exchange knowledge on plastics in European freshwater environments and to discuss its environmental and societal implications. In preparation of the conference an informal questionnaire was sent to water management agencies in Europe with questions on monitoring, risk awareness and management options. This publication contains the abstracts of the oral presentations.

This Research Note presents a new dataset of party patronage in 22 countries from five regions. The data was collected based on the same methodology to compare patterns of patronage within countries, across countries and across world regions that are usually studied separately. The Note addresses three research questions that are at the center of debates on party patronage, which is understood as the power of political parties to make appointments to the public and semi-public sector: the scope of patronage, the underlying motivations, and the criteria on the basis of which appointees are selected. The exploration of the dataset shows that party patronage is, to a different degree, widespread across all regions. The data further shows differences between policy areas, types of institutions such as government ministries, agencies and state-owned enterprises, and higher, middle and lower ranks of the bureaucracy. It is demonstrated that the political control of policy-making and implementation is the most common motivation for making political appointments. However, in countries with a large scope of patronage, appointments serve the purpose of both political control and rewarding supporters in exchange for votes and services. Finally, the data shows that parties prefer to select appointees who are characterized by political and personal loyalty as well as professional competence.

Abstract This paper focuses on the criminal law formulation policy related to criminal Law No. 22 of 2009 concerning Traffic and transportation. The policy formulation certainly need to be tied in every stage of the making, the implementation and accomplishment in order to create a sustain system. The formulation policy or the stage of making the law is a fundamental policy in criminal law policy because formulation policy is determinant of to whether a law could be applied in society. The issues discussed in this paper are: (1) How the formulation policy of criminal law in Law Number 22 Year 2009 regarding Traffic and transportation? (2) How the formulation policy of criminal law in the Law of Traffic and Transportation in the future? Firstly, the formulation policy of Law Number 22 Year 2009 regarding Traffic and Transportation will be discussed with three main discussion of criminal law which are criminal offense, criminal liability, and crime. Secondly, for the formulation policy of criminal law in the Law concerning traffic and transportation in the future the writer employs the concept of Penal Code 2012 as consideration to attain a formulation that could improve the current formulation. Such formulations are as followed:(a) qualifying offense should be retained but must be consistent with the legislators in the inclusion of criminal penalty so legal result will be clear. (b) In the arrangement of criminal penalty the criminal objective and guideline is needed. Keywords: policy formulation, criminal law, and Traffic

Enter any additional information or requests for the Library here. ; Background:The Traditional Health Practitioners Act (Act No 22, 2007), which elicits controversy in the South African healthcare and public sector since proclamation, went untested through the legislature, driven inside the post-1994 socio-political dispensation. No previous in-depth studies have been identified. Aims: The aim of this study was to determine and to reflect the Act's long term legal implications for the already statutory health professions and the public: specific with the focus on the Constitution and other legislations and possible ways to oppose it. Methods: This is an exploratory and descriptive research, in line with the modern-day history approach of investigation and reviewing research, using contemporary reports, news papers and articles as primary resources to reflect on the situation, thinking, opinions, trends and activities around Act No 22 and its implications on the Constitution and citizen's rights. The focus was also to put Act No 22 in a future in perspective. Findings are represented in narrative form. Results: Act No 22 (2007) was promulgated without an applicable and appropriate scientific needs-analysis. The Act seems to stand to a great extent in conflict with the Constitution as well as various other Acts, like the Witchcraft Suppression Act (No 3, 1957). Conclusions: The Act is still today, nearly a decade after promulgation, not fully active. It is a Constitutional mishap. Notwithstanding its constitutional controversy, the Act's political sanction by governmental agencies and political leaders will ensure that it will not vanish easily from the South African law books.

Nahezu ein Jahrtausend liegt zwischen dem Geschichtswerk des Thukydides (entstanden um 400 v. Chr.) und demjenigen Prokop (Mitte des 6. 1h. n. Chr.). Mit der thukydideischen Geschichte des Peloponnesischen Kriege zwischen Athen und Sparta und ihren jeweiligen VerbUndeten (43 1-404 v. Chr.) beginnt die antike Geschichtsschreibung im Sinne einer nach größtmöglicher Objektivität strebenden kritisch hinterfragenden Darstellung menschlicher Handlungen und der ihnen zugrunde liegenden Abläufe und Mechanismen; mit Prokop findet sie ihren letzten herausragenden Vertreter.

Indonesia has been undergoing a reform process. It started with the process of rapid decentralization government began in 1999 from a strong centralized system. One of its process is the introduction of decentralization, a process of transfer power from the central government to provinces to sub-provinces. Decentralization became a worldwide phenomenon since over three decade. Countries around the world use decentralization principles with varying degree, mostly by transferring responsibilities of public service delivery to lower levels of government. The decentralization literature promotes the good governance aspects associated with decentralization including local citizen participation, democratic elections and financial and political equity. Decentralization in Indonesia is much more of an administrative decentralization rather than a fiscal decentralization. The central government continues to control a vast share of the revenues required for local governance under true decentralization.Key words: Decentralization, Reform Process, Centralized System, Governance

ABSTRACT It has been fifteen years of Law No. 22 of 2001 on Oil and Gas enacted. But during the same Act is still controversy related to the management of oil and gas sector which is an important sector for the fulfillment of the basic needs of the people in Indonesia. Law No. 22 of 2001 had been held for Judicial Review has been assessed negate the state's responsibility in terms of production control and management of oil and gas by the government so contrary to the provisions of Article 33 paragraph (2) and (3) of the Constitution 1945. The taste of liberalization of the oil and gas sector is evident in Article 28 (2) of Law No.22 of 2001 concerning the pricing mechanism of fuel delivered in the competition. This indicates that there has been distortion of fulfillment of state responsibilities in the framework of the welfare state which aims to create a just and prosperous society is becoming increasingly blurred. Although this section has been canceled by the Constitutional Court, it is important to continue to ressist of the liberalization of fuel prices and restore mechanism for management of oil and gas to the government to be used for the greater prosperity of the people.

This article investigates how the two Norwegian newspapers Aftenposten and Dagbladet framed the reporting about Anders Behring Breivik (henceforth Breivik) in the aftermath of the terror attacks at the government building in Oslo, leaving eight dead behind, and the killing of 69 young people at the AUF youth summer camp on Utøya on 22 July 2011. On the basis of critical discourse analysis, Robert Entman's framing theory and theories about enemy images, we have analysed a selection of articles from a total sample of 1323 articles covering landmark periods related to the attacks of 22 July 2011: the immediate reaction (22–29 July); the meeting in court to prepare the trial (14–15 November); and the presentation of first psychiatric report (29–30 November). Did the media speculate, before Breivik's identity was known, on the possibility that Muslim extremists were responsible? An analysis of the editorials in Aftenposten and Dagbladet concludes that Aftenposten hypothesized that Muslims might be behind the attack, while Dagbladet mostly avoided such speculation. The divergence in representation is reiterated in the interviews the authors conducted with the two newspapers' editors. After Breivik's identity became known we found three dominating frames, the perpetrator as a 'right-wing extremist', as an 'insane person' or as an 'attention-seeker'. The framing analysis show that the 'insane' frame was the most usual in both Aftenposten and Dagbladet, followed by the 'extreme right wing' frame and 'the attention-seeker' frame. The article discusses how this framing might have influenced the long-term consequence for public debate in Norway. ; acceptedVersion

In our paper we present a corpus of transcribed Lithuanian parliamentary speeches. The corpus is prepared in a specific format, appropriate for different authorship identification tasks. The corpus consists of approximately 111 thousand texts (24 million words). Each text matches one parliamentary speech produced during an ordinary session from the period of 7 parliamentary terms starting on March 10, 1990 and ending on December 23, 2013. The texts are grouped into 147 categories corresponding to individual authors, therefore they can be used for authorship attribution tasks; besides, these texts are also grouped according to age, gender and political views, therefore they are also suitable for author profiling tasks. Whereas short texts complicate recognition of author speaking style and are ambiguous in relation to the style of other authors, we incorporated only texts containing not less than 100 words into the corpus. In order to make each category as comprehensive and representative as possible, we included only those authors, who produced speeches at least 200 times. All the texts are lemmatized, morphologically and syntactically annotated, tokenized into the character n-grams. The statistical information of the corpus is also available. We have also demonstrated that the created corpus can be effectively used in authorship attribution and author profiling tasks with supervised machine learning methods. The corpus structure also allows using it with unsupervised machine learning methods and can be used for creation of rule-based methods, as well as in different linguistic analyses. ; Straipsnyje pristatome Seimo posėdžių stenogramų tekstyną, parengtą specialiu formatu, tinkančiu įvairiems autorystės nustatymo tyrimams. Tekstyną sudaro apie 111 tūkstančių tekstų (24 milijonai žodžių), kurių kiekvienas atitinka vieną parlamentaro pasisakymą eilinės sesijos posėdžio metu bei apima 7 Lietuvos Respublikos Seimo kadencijas: nuo 1990 metų kovo 10 dienos iki 2013 metų gruodžio 23 dienos. Pasisakymų tekstai sugrupuoti pagal autorius į 147 grupes, todėl tinka individualių autorių autorystės nustatymo tyrimams; jie suskirstyti pagal autorių amžiaus grupes, lytį ar politines pažiūras, todėl tinka autorių profilio sudarymo tyrimams. Trumpas tekstas neatskleidžia jo autoriaus kalbėjimo stiliaus, yra daugiaprasmiškas kitų autorių atžvilgiu, todėl į tekstyną įtraukti ne trumpesni nei 100 žodžių tekstai. Kiekvieną autorių atitinkantis tekstų rinkinys turi būti išsamus ir reprezentatyvus, todėl įtraukti autoriai, pasisakę ne mažiau kaip 200 kartų. Visi tekstai automatiškai lemuoti, morfologiškai bei sintaksiškai anotuoti, suskaidyti simbolių n-gramomis, surinkta statistinė informacija. Straipsnyje pademonstruota, kaip sukurtas tekstynas gali būti panaudotas individualių autorių autorystės nustatymo bei autorių profilio sudarymo tyrimams, naudojant prižiūrimo mašininio mokymo metodus. Tekstyno struktūra taip pat leidžia taikyti neprižiūrimo Ligita Šarkutė Viešosios politikos ir administravimo institutas Kauno technologijos universitetas K. Donelaičio g. 20-217 LT-44239 Kaunas, Lietuva El. paštas: ligita.sarkute@ktu.lt 28 mašininio mokymo metodus, patogi taisyklinių-loginių metodų kūrimui bei įvairioms lingvistinėms analizėms.

Cover -- CONTENTS -- CONTEXT -- RECENT DEVELOPMENTS AND OUTLOOK -- PERFORMANCE UNDER THE PROGRAM AND POLICY DISCUSSIONS -- A. Program Performance -- B. Fiscal Policy -- C. Fiscal and Structural Reforms -- D. Monetary, Exchange Rate, and Financial Sector Policies -- PROGRAM MONITORING -- STAFF APPRAISAL -- BOX -- Inland Revenue Act -- FIGURES -- 1. Real Sector -- 2. Fiscal Sector -- 3. Financial Market -- 4. Foreign Exchange and Reserves -- 5. Monetary and Financial Sector -- TABLES -- 1. Selected Economic Indicators, 2014-21 -- 2a. Summary of Central Government Operations, 2014-21 (In billions of rupees ) -- 2b. Summary of Central Government Operations, 2014-21 (In percent of GDP) -- 2c. Summary of Central Government Operations, 2016-17 -- 2d. Central Government Financing Needs, 2015-18 -- 3a. Monetary Accounts, 2014-17 -- 3b. Monetary Accounts, 2015-17 -- 4a. Balance of Payments, 2014-21 -- 4b. Balance of Payments, 2016-17 -- 4c. Gross External Financing, 2014-21 -- 5. Financial Soundness Indicators-All Banks, 2012-16 -- 6. Reviews and Purchases under the Three-year Extended Arrangement -- 7. Projected Payments to the Fund, 2016-2029 -- ANNEXES -- I. Debt Sustainability Analysis -- II. Tax Policy Options -- APPENDIX -- I. Letter of Intent -- Attachment I. Technical Memorandum of Understanding.

Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- How to Use This Book -- Guiding Ideas -- 22 Games -- 1. Arms Crossed: When conditions change, habits must change. -- 2. Avalanche: Understand the implicit rules. They can produce different results than desired or expected. -- 3. Balancing Tubes: You can't achieve long-term goals with short-term perspective. -- 4. The Bathtub Game: A level will decline only if outflows are greater than inflows. -- 5. Biodiversity Game: You can't change only one thing. -- 6. Circles in the Air: Our perspective affects the actions we take in complex systems. -- 7. Frames: To obtain consensus be clear about the mental framework you are using. -- 8. Group Juggle: Adding one more apparently minor problem can sometimes collapse the whole system. -- 9. Hands Down: When trying to understand a complex situation, don't limit your focus to where the action is. -- 10. Harvest: Over the long term, individuals often get more from cooperation than from competition. -- 11. Hit the Target: Delays between perception and response can lead to overshooting the goal. -- 12. Living Loops: It's easier to reach your goals by building a system that achieves them for you. -- 13. Paper Fold: With exponential growth, small growth rates can quickly lead to extremely large numbers. -- 14. Paper Tear: One-way communication is much less effective than interaction. -- 15. Pens: Sustainability depends more on culture than on technology. -- 16. Space for Living: Thinking outside the box can produce win-win solutions. -- 17. Squaring the Circle: Without a shared goal, cooperation is ineffective. -- 18. Thumb Wrestling: Life is not a zero-sum game. -- 19. Triangles: If you want big changes, look for the high-leverage points. -- 20. Warped Juggle: Incremental changes produce improvements -- structural changes produce transformation.

This article analyzes the socio-political views of the specific naive author (a woman of 75 years, secondary education, working profession), which are presented in a hand-written format. The certain basic attitudes, which are characteristic for everyday consciousness of this kind of author, are also revealed. They are: People and power ("Tsar is good and boyars are bad"); Russia is in trouble (it is realized in topics: collapse of the USSR, glorious past is forgotten, enemies are around, dominance of emigrants, deplorable condition of village, ex-scientists and militaries became downand-outs); Pride in the country and belief in its rescue. The basic attitudes, which are allocated in the article, reflect a certain layer of the national socio-political everyday consciousness, which is especially fully embodied in the older generation, which was formed in the Soviet period. Such basic attitudes take their beginning from far away. They got in the deep layers of consciousness or maybe sub-consciousness. They have features of archetypes, do not disappear completely and are reflected in different behavioral forms, including the written-speech activities. The presented material can be interesting not only to philologists, but also to related scientific subjects such as sociologists, historians, philosophers and psychologists. ; В статье анализируются социально-политические взгляды конкретного наивного автора (женщины 75 лет, среднего образования, рабочей профессии), представленные в письменно-рукописном формате. Выявлены определенные базовые установки, характерные для обыденного сознания такого типа автора: Народ и власть («Царь хороший, да бояре плохие»); Россия – в беде (реализуется в темах: распад СССР, славное прошлое забыто, кругом враги, засилье эмигрантов, плачевное состояние деревни, бывшие ученые и военные стали бомжами); Гордость за страну и вера в ее спасение. Базовые установки, выделенные в статье, отражают определенный пласт народного социально-политического обыденного сознания, которое особенно полно воплощено в людях старшего поколения, сформированного в советское время. Такие базовые установки, берущие начала издалека и попавшие в более глубинные пласты сознания – возможно, подсознания – и имеющие черты архетипов, не исчезают полностью и отражаются в разных поведенческих формах, в том числе в письменно-речевой деятельности. Представленный материал может быть интересен не только филологам, но и смежным научным дисциплинам – социологам, историкам, философам, психологам.