Suchergebnisse

В статье рассматриваются чувашские и немецкие пословицы о природосообразном воспитании, проводится их сравнение, выявляется общее и специфичное, обнаруживается потенциал для совершенствования образовательного процесса через его этнопедагогизацию. Активное обращение к опыту народного воспитания актуально сегодня ввиду сложной политической и экологической ситуации в мире. Материалом для исследования послужили малоизвестный труд немецкого филолога А. Виттштока «Воспитание пословицей», высказывания реформатора М. Лютера о воспитании детей, труды академика Г. Н. Волкова, а также деятельность этих ученых в сфере образования. Основное внимание в статье уделено немецкоязычному труду «Воспитание пословицей», который можно по праву назвать энциклопедией немецкой народной педагогики, где автором дано представление о принципах воспитания молодежи, идеях прогрессивных педагогов того времени, приведены примеры из жизни выдающихся людей. Несмотря на разницу в несколько веков между источниками паремий, сравнительно-сопоставительный анализ чувашских и немецких пословиц позволяет выявить общие черты в педагогических представлениях народов о последовательности в воспитании, ценности детской игры в обучении детей, роли матери, семьи, специфике женского образования, уважении к труду, бережном отношении к единой для всех народов природе. На основании проведенного исследования делается вывод о способности паремий внести вклад в приобщение современного поколения к истории, коллективной этнической памяти, воспитание достойных граждан своей страны, ценящих традиции и ответственно относящихся к окружающей среде.
The article deals with the Chuvash and German proverbs about nature-based education, compares them, reveals some common and specific features, presents their potential for improving the educational process through its ethnopedagogization. An active use of the experience of folk education is relevant today due to the difficult political and environmental situation in the world. The little-known work of the German philologist A. Wittstock "Education through a Proverb", the statements of the reformer M. Luther on the upbringing of children, the works of academician G. N. Volkov, as well as the activities of these scientists in the field of education provided the material for the current work. The main attention in the article is paid to the book "Education through a Proverb" in German which can be called the encyclopedia of German folk pedagogy, where the author gives an idea of the principles of educating young people, the ideas of progressive teachers of that time, and also provides examples from the lives of prominent people. Despite the difference of several centuries between the sources of paremias considered, a comparative analysis of the Chuvash and German proverbs reveals some common features in the pedagogical ideas of peoples about consistency in education, value of children's play in teaching children, the role of mother, family, specifics of women's education, respect for work, care for nature. On the basis of the study, a conclusion is made about the ability of proverbs to contribute to familiarizing the modern generation with history, collective ethnic memory, educating worthy citizens of their country who appreciate traditions and treat environment responsibly.

В последние годы когнитивный подход предоставляет новые возможности исследования в такой традиционной лингвистической науке, как паремиология. Изучение пословиц в рамках лингвокогнитивного подхода, с одной стороны, позволяет углубленно и комплексно описать пословичные единицы, вербализующие тот или иной концепт, а с другой - моделировать структуру концептов в провербиальном пространстве. В статье на материале пословиц рассматривается один из важных в русском языковом сознании концептов - «лицемерие». Выявляются содержание концепта и взаимоотношения между макроконцептом и его микроконцептами «двуличие» и «лесть». Изучение пословиц как средства доступа к содержанию концептов позволяет выявить инвариантную когнитивную информацию об отражаемом предмете или явлении и константы системы ценностей этноса. Результаты проведенного анализа показывают, что в пословицах, вербализующих концепты «лицемерие» и «двуличие», отмечается изменение позиции наблюдателя: от адресанта к адресату; отношения между льстецом и адресатом в пословичном фонде могут быть подчиненными, зависимыми и враждебными, что отражается в мотивах льстивого поведения. С одной стороны, интегральными признаками для концепта «лицемерие» и его микроконцептов «двуличие» и «лесть» являются притворная доброта, сокрытие истинных намерений и корыстные мотивы; с другой стороны, двуличие отличается от лицемерия двойственными поступками: двуличный человек ведет себя по-разному перед разными людьми, а лицемер проявляет всегда только личину-маску, не раскрывая своего настоящего лица. Лесть является лицемерной, при этом льстец может быть и двуличным.
In recent years, the cognitive approach has provided new research opportunities in such a traditional linguistic science as paremiology. The study of proverbs within the framework of the linguo-cognitive approach, on the one hand, makes it possible to describe in depth and comprehensively the proverbial units that verbalize a particular concept, and on the other hand, to model the structure of concepts in the proverbial space. On the material of proverbs, the author considers one of the important concepts in the Russian linguistic consciousness - "hypocrisy"; reveals the content of the concept and the relationship between the macroconcept and its microconcepts "duplicity" and "flattery". The study of proverbs as a means of access to the content of concepts allows us to identify invariant cognitive information about the reflected object or phenomenon and the constants of the value system of the ethnos. The results of the analysis show that there is a change in the position of the observer in proverbs that verbalize the concepts "hypocrisy" and "duplicity": from the addresser to the addressee; the relationship between the flatterer and the addressee in the proverbial fund can be subordinate, dependent and hostile, which is reflected in the motives of flattering behavior. On the one hand, the integral features for the concept of "hypocrisy" and its micro-concepts "duplicity" and "flattery" are feigned kindness, concealment of true intentions and selfish motives; on the other hand, duplicity differs from hypocrisy in its dual actions: a duplicitous person behaves differently in front of different people, and a hypocrite always shows his mask, without revealing his real face. Flattery is hypocritical, while the flatterer can be two-faced.

The relevance of studying of the field of public catering has never been in doubt, since this type of activity is directly related to the most important human need – the need for food, and the state of this market is closely related to the level of development of the economy of the regions and the state as a whole and reflects the satisfaction of the needs of society and the individual. The restaurant industry in the form in which we perceive it today has been formed for centuries. In the XII century, the first restaurants appeared in China, when the cities of Kaifeng and Hangzhou had a population density of more than a million inhabitants each. One of the prerequisites for the emergence of restaurant enterprises was the rejection of local cuisine by merchants who established trade relations between cities. This implies the principle of business – you need to offer what they want to buy. The sphere of service provision in the XXI century is undergoing a reformation in terms of permissiveness, everyone can get what he wants, whenever and wherever. The Reformation did not ignore the structure of public catering. The reformation of the restaurant business is a global trend that allows us to transform qualitatively new systems of providing food services. Consumers are increasingly paying attention to the" universality of service", including the organization of food services that are not tied to the place of production, but meet the needs of the consumer. Such a cluster of services includes catering. Catering as a way of providing food services is gaining more and more popularity among marketing tools for promoting a restaurant product. The analysis of catering in a broad sense allows us to identify its role in the development of the restaurant industry.The purpose of the article is to identify the features of catering in the system of providing restaurant servicesОbjectives. The set goal predetermined the formulation of the following objectives: study of the theoretical foundations of catering; study of the catering division into departments, structures; study of the catering product design system.Methodology. To analyze the works of domestic specialists who covered different aspects of restaurant services, the author relied on such methods as statistical and economic analysis, comparative assessment, cause-and-effect analysis.Results. The article considers catering as a phenomenon of the restaurant business. The features of catering, the theoretical foundations and divisions of catering are also revealed. Special attention is paid to the catering product design system.Conclusions. The inattention of managers in the restaurant industry has led to a decline in profits from the restaurant product. To create a competent business strategy, it is necessary to take into account all possible outcomes of events and resort to universal tools to increase the attractiveness of a restaurant product.

Introduction. In this article, Russian Federation's public diplomacy (hereinafter – the RF) and the public diplomacy of the United States of America (hereinafter – the USA) are considered as one of the main tools for implementing the principles of modern "soft power". Today, the importance of implementing certain areas of public diplomacy of the RF is significantly increasing, which is primarily determined by the current contradictory international situation. It is necessary to emphasize that public diplomacy's certain areas are in the process of formation, however, a comprehensive study of these areas will reveal the weaknesses and strengths of public diplomacy as an effective tool for the implementation of Russian and American "soft power". It is important to refer to the American experience of building public diplomacy, as a country with advanced experience in this area, as the public diplomacy has become a key tool of U.S. foreign policy in recent years. Methods. The comparative method makes it possible to compare the practices of implementing public diplomacy, the demonstration of "soft power" of the RF and the USA, and also helps to identify the mechanisms of public diplomacy's influence on international processes in the formation of "soft power" strategies. This method allowed us to establish that the mechanisms for public diplomacy's implementing and "soft power" realization are identical. Documents' content analysis of the describing of the RF and the USA foreign policy peculiarities helped to determine the mechanisms and principles of the implementation of "soft power" under consideration by the states. Analysis. Public diplomacy's activities analysis of the RF and the USA public diplomacy, its relationship with the principles of "soft power" is connected with the search for common and distinctive features of the considered types of diplomacy, comparing it with the "soft power" concept. Attention is drawn to the fact that many public diplomacy' functions intersect with the tasks of "soft power", identifying the characteristic features of a joint vector in the "soft power" implementation in the context of the RF and the USA diplomacy. Results. As the study's result, it was found out that public diplomacy is one of the most important tools of the "soft power" demonstration of the RF and the USA soft power demonstration. Such definitions as "public diplomacy" and "soft power" were distinguished in the article. The approaches of domestic and foreign researchers for understanding public diplomacy from the points of the RF and the USA, as well as directions of its activities, were also determined. In this article, Elena F. Parubochaya identified the characteristic differences Russian interpretation of the terms "public diplomacy". The author revealed the connection between public diplomacy of the RF and its "soft power". Kenneth J. Kovach paid attention to the instruments of the USA modern public diplomacy.

The relevance of the solution to the problem of sustainable development is due to the current situation in the entire world economy, the aggravation of socioeconomic contradictions. The aim of this study is to gain an idea of the transformation trends in the main implementations of a person's ability to work in Russia. The author justifies the need to expand opportunities in the system of labour relations for a gradual and sustainable transition from labour as a need to work as a self-realization of the employed. The following conclusions were obtained. (1) The employed can be roughly equally divided into two groups in terms of the role of labour (labour as selfrealisation and labour as necessity). (2) It should be assumed that the implementation of a person's ability to work by representatives of each of these groups can be carried out in the form of wage and non-wage labour. (3) The desired trend is to create the conditions for expanding the possibilities of a gradual transition from labour as a necessity to labour as a self-realisation of those employed in each of these two forms. (4) The processes that take place in each of the forms differ in their results. (5) It is necessary to purposefully develop the national training system for professional workers of various levels of complexity and qualifications. (6) Entrepreneurial activity is not an exclusive economic activity. It can be considered both as a condition for personal self-realisation and as a necessary activity for a person. (7) Self-employment cannot be attributed only to non-wage labour. When analysing employment, it is necessary to take into account the heterogeneity of the group of the self-employed: the hired self-employed, the moonlighting self-employed, etc. The structure of self-employment at the macro-level and in Tomsk Oblast is approximately the same. (8) The trend for secondary employment should be its steady decline. Secondary employment itself contradicts the perception of labour as a condition for a person's self-realisation. The existing official data confirm the emerging trend towards its decline. (9) The presence of informal employment and its scale make it possible to judge about the degree of equality of opportunities for self-realisation through labour. (10) There is a significant reserve of labour, which needs to be more effectively and efficiently managed using one of the forms of implementing the ability to work (wage and non-wage labour). The highest level of underutilisation of the labour force is characteristic of the age group 15-24. One in four has no conditions for implementing their ability to work to the fullest. This group includes graduates of higher and secondary special educational institutions. The underutilisation rate of labour ability among women is higher compared to men. For all age groups in rural areas, the underemployment rate is higher than in urban areas.

Большой объем первичных данных соревновательных выступлений легкоатлетов Ульяновской области еще не позволяет оценить уровень их достижений и структуру по дисциплинам в сравнении с представителями других регионов страны, а также отразить динамику развития различных видов легкой атлетики среди спортсменов региона. Целью исследования является оценка уровня и динамики спортивных достижений легкоатлетов, представляющих Ульяновскую область, за период с 2016 по 2020 г. С помощью теоретического анализа исторической и справочной литературы по теме исследования, анализа документальных материалов, методов математической статистики было выявлено, что заметно большее число спортсменов присутствует в беговом рейтинге, меньшее - в метании и многоборье на фоне полного отсутствия представителей группы спортивной ходьбы. Динамика среднего места ульяновских легкоатлетов устойчивая с признаками позитивных изменений. Исследование показало, что к наиболее успешно развивающимся дисциплинам легкой атлетики у представителей Ульяновской области в беговых видах можно отнести бег на 100, 200 и 10000 м. В прыжковых дисциплинах преимущество имеют вертикальные прыжки. Метания в целом выражены слабо. В то же время мужские многоборья отражают высокий уровень соревновательных выступлений и положительную динамику за исследуемый период. Проведенный анализ позволил выявить текущее состояние легкой атлетики в области (в целом, по группам дисциплин и по отдельным дисциплинам), перспективы ее развития, что, в свою очередь, может способствовать стратегическому планированию развития данного вида спорта в масштабах всей страны.
The large volume of raw data on the competitive performances of Ulyanovsk region track and field athletes does not yet allow assessing the level of their achievements and structure in events in comparison with representatives of other regions in Russia, as well as reflecting the dynamics of the development of various types of athletics among the athletes of the region. The goal of the study is to assess the level and dynamics of sports achievements of athletes representing Ulyanovsk region of Russia for the period from 2016 to 2020. Employing theoretical analysis of historical and reference literature on the research topic, analysis of documentary materials, methods of mathematical statistics, the author revealed a noticeably large number of athletes in the running rating, fewer in throwing, multiathlon, and none in walking. The dynamics of the average achievements of Ulyanovsk athletes is stable with signs of positive changes. The study showed that most successfully developing athletics disciplines among the representatives of Ulyanovsk region in running events are 100-, 200- and 10000-meteres races. In jumping events, the athletes show positive results in vertical jumps. Throwing is generally weak. At the same time, the males demonstrate a high level of competitive performances and positive dynamics in multiathlon over the studied period. The analysis made it possible to identify the current state of athletics in the region (in general, by groups of events and by individual events), the prospects for its development, which, in turn, will help to provide strategic planning for the development of athletics.

Penciptaan dan pementasan Daring Konser Karawitan Kinanthi Kunci Ati adalah sebuah artikel yang membahas mengenai proses penciptaan karya "Kinanthi Kunci Ati" yang selanjutnya dipentaskan secara virtual. "Kinanthi Kunci Ati" sendiri merupakan sebuah karya musik komposisi yang berpijak pada kaidah musik karawitan tradisi, selanjutnya dikembangkan sesuai dengan kebutuhan ekspresi pengkarya. "Kinanthi Kunci Ati" merupakan sebuah karya refleksi yang dilakukan pengkarya terhadap keadaan normal baru yang diakibatkan oleh pandemi Covid-19 yang sudah setahun lebih menyerang Indonesia dan dunia. Adapun langkah-langkah penciptaan melalui tiga tahapan, yakni; orientasi, observasi, dan eksplorasi. Orientasi adalah mencari hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan embrio karya seperti isu-isu yang berkembang, menimbang urgensi kekaryaan dengan keadaan dan kebutuhan masyarakat masa kini, dalam hal ini ialah fenomena kebiasaan hidup normal baru dan alih wahana seni pertunjukan dari komunal menjadi digital. Observasi adalah penelitian lebih dalam mengenai apa yang telah didapatkan pada tahap orientasi, sedangkan eksplorasi adalah pencarian mengenai bentuk dan sajian karya yang disesuaikan dengan ruang dan waktu pementasan. Karya ini didominasi oleh sajian vokal yang disusun berdasarkan rasa puisi (syair) dan dipentaskan di Taman Budaya Surakarta dalam format daring (dalam jaringan). Pemilihan pentas daring disesuaikan dengan kondisi dan keadaan penonton yang mulai terbiasa dengan pementasan virtual demi menghambat laju penularan virus Corona. Kata kunci: Kinanthi Kunci Ati, penciptaan, komposisi, virtual.The creation and performance of the Karawitan Kinanthi Kunci Ati Online Concert is an article that discusses the process of creating the work of "Kinanthi Kunci Ati" which is then performed virtually. "Kinanthi Kunci Ati" itself is a musical composition based on the principles of traditional musical music, which is then developed according to the needs of the artist's expression. "Kinanthi Kunci Ati" is a work of reflection done by the author on the new normal situation caused by the Covid-19 pandemic which has hit Indonesia and the world for more than a year. The steps of creation go through three stages, namely; orientation, observation, and exploration. Orientation is looking for things related to the embryo of the work, such as developing issues, considering the urgency of work with the conditions and needs of today's society, in this case, the phenomenon of new normal life habits and the transfer of performing arts from communal to digital. Observation is a deeper study of what has been obtained at the orientation stage, while exploration is a search for the form and presentation of works adapted to the space and time of the performance. This work is dominated by vocal presentations which are arranged based on a sense of poetry (syair) and performed at Taman Budaya Surakarta in online format. The selection of online stages is adjusted to the conditions and circumstances of the audience who are getting used to virtual performances in order to inhibit the rate of transmission of the Corona virus. Keywords: Kinanthi Kunci Ati, creation, composition, virtual.

ResumoA proficiência na compreensão da leitura de textos não requer apenas o adequado desempenho do leitor nas competências fonológica, morfológica, sintática e semântica, mas também demanda competência pragmática – habilidade de, deliberadamente, articular a materialidade linguística da superfície textual ao próprio conhecimento de mundo – revelando que a interação autor-texto-leitor se concretiza no empenho do leitor em enlaçar o contexto de uso e as ideias expressas no texto aos seus objetivos de leitura. Assim, se a pragmática se constitui aspecto relevante para o bom desempenho na compreensão da leitura, questiona-se sobre qual espaço essa vem tendo nos estudos acadêmicos com finalidade de trabalhar tal compreensão. O artigo tem como objetivo apresentar um levantamento de estudos que abordam, na perspectiva da pragmática da linguagem, a compreensão leitora. Para isso, foram pesquisados estudos sobre o tema nas plataformas SciELO, PsycINFO e ERIC. Os resultados mostram que há uma carência de artigos que abordam contribuições da pragmática associada à compreensão leitora. Essa lacuna identificada nos estudos reflete a escassez de intervenções pedagógicas focalizando as habilidades (meta)pragmáticas. Assim, entendendo que algumas dificuldades apresentadas pelos estudantes na compreensão de textos estão relacionadas justamente à falta de um trabalho pedagógico focalizando a pragmática, sugere-se que investir no ensino explícito dessa competência pode contribuir para os avanços no desempenho dos estudantes em leitura.
Palavras-chave: Compreensão da Leitura. Compreensão de Textos Escritos. Habilidades Pragmáticas. Desempenho em Leitura.
AbstractProficiency in reading comprehension does not only require readers' appropriate performance in phonological, morphological, syntax, and semantic competencies but also pragmatic competence – the skill of deliberately connect linguistic materiality of the textual surface with knowledge of the world itself – revealing that the author-text-reader interaction materializes in the reader's commitment to link the context of use and the ideas expressed in the text to his/her reading objectives. Hence, if pragmatics is a relevant aspect for good reading comprehension, it is asked herein how it has been addressed in academic studies intended to promote reading comprehension. This objective of this paper is to present the studies addressing reading comprehension from the pragmatic language perspective. Hence, studies addressing the topic were searched in the SciELO, PsycINFO, and ERIC databases. The results show a lack of papers addressing the pragmatics contributions associated with reading comprehension. This gap identified in the study reflects a lack of teaching interventions focusing on (meta)pragmatic skills, suggesting that some of the students' difficulties may be related to this lack of interventions. Teaching this competence can improve the students' reading performance, and competent reading promotes social inclusion and a citizenship. Therefore, schools must train these competencies for individuals to interact with texts, process ideas, make connections with different types of knowledge, and (re)construct meaning(s).
Keywords: Reading Comprehension. Written Comprehension Texts. Pragmatic Skills. Reading Performance

Introduction. The purpose of the article is to show the effect of the law of correspondence as a factor of stability of the social system and the relevance of this problem for ancient Indian philosophy. The problem of the stability of society was not directly considered in ancient Indian philosophy or in modern literature, especially through the prism of the law of correspondence.Methodology and sources. The work uses content analysis, system approach, dialectics and the concept of self-organization. In addition, the main analysis of the problem of stability in ancient Indian philosophy is carried out on the basis of the law of correspondence between the real relations that connect people at a given moment and the essence of the "social". This law was formulated and proposed by V.V. Tuzov. The essence of the "social" could be conditionally expressed through the concepts of "equality", "humanism", mutual assistance, "justice". Real relations may deviate from the essence, but by a certain amount, a measure. Going beyond the limits of the measure deprives the system of stability, and it becomes uncontrollable. The main source of analysis is the academic edition of the text Arthashastra (ancient Indian political and economic treatise), as well as "History of political and legal doctrines", "Development of ideas about management in philosophical thought".Results and discussion. The article analyzes the ancient Indian philosophical texts to reveal in them, in a latent or explicit form, the concern of philosophers with the problem of maintaining the stability of the state and society. Attention is focused on the fact that there is a need to observe the law of conformity in the recommendations for rulers on how to govern the people.Analysis of the main source of ancient Indian philosophy, which deals with the problems of governance, shows that the recommendations to the king, which are set forth by the author of Arthashastra Kautilya, imply, in the end result, the need to maintain a balance of interests between the ruling class and the people, that is, to observe the measure for which society loses its stability due to for the impoverishment of the people. In other words, in the management recommendations, the law of conformity, which was discussed above, appears in a latent form.Conclusion. The problem of the stability of the social system in a class society was and remains extremely relevant. The philosophical law of correspondence between real relations and the essence of social relations, which ensures the stability of society while observing the measure, requires justification. Since the principle of forming relationships and the nature of interaction has remained unchanged for centuries, the reflections of ancient philosophers on management, on the structure of society, on the relationship between different groups in it, and on the interaction of interests, on the one hand, confirm the operation of this law, on the other hand, could be useful for modern management.

Resumo: O presente artigo propõe examinar a produção artística de Celeida Tostes, a partir de sua biografia, construída por Marcus de Lontra Costa e Raquel Silva, no livro Celeida Tostes. Busca-se, portanto, analisar os deslocamentos da artista, entre interdito e transgressão, diante da revolução iconográfica proposta em seu trabalho e verificar em que medidas tais transgressões possibilitaram-lhe um encontro com a feminilidade. Para tal, efetivou-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica ancorada no referencial teórico psicanalítico de Freud e Lacan, no que concerne à temática feminilidade, e exploraram-se os estudos de Bataille relativos aos conceitos de transgressão, interdito e erotismo, com vistas a priorizar as convergências existentes entre tais autores. Além disso, para mediar e enriquecer a discussão, foram priorizados estudiosos dos referidos autores, como Butler, Quinet, Nunes e Safatle. Diante do explorado, pode-se constatar que as transgressões empreendidas por Celeida levaram-na a construir suas próprias regras e normas, de modo que, ao colocar seu ser em questão, opôs-se aos juízos e conceitos vigentes no contexto da ditadura militar e da arte concreta. Vê-se, portanto, que a vida e a obra de Celeida são perpassadas por um desejo que se inseriu no furo do Outro e que, dada a impossibilidade de se desvencilhar totalmente desta instância que também a fez desejar, pôde criar alternativas para se articular entre interdito e transgressão, experimentando, assim, um encontro com a feminilidade.Palavras-chave: Psicanálise. Feminilidade. Transgressão.Abstract: This article proposes to examine the artistic production of Celeida Tostes from her biography, built by Marcus de Lontra Costa and Raquel Silva in the book Celeida Tostes. The aim is, therefore, to analyze the artist's displacements between interdiction and transgression in face of the iconographic revolution proposed in her work and to verify what extent such transgressions enabled her encounter with femininity. To this end, a bibliographic research was carried out anchored in Freud and Lacan's psychoanalytical theoretical referential that concerns to the femininity and explored Bataille's studies relatives to concepts of the transgression, interdiction and eroticism, with the intention of prioritizing the existence of convergences between such author. Besides this, to mediate and enrich the discussion were prioritized scholars of these authors, such as Butler, Quinet, Nunes and Safatle. Given the explored, it can be seen that the transgressions undertaken by Celeida led her to construct her own rules and norms, so that, when questioned her being, she opposed the prevailing judgments and concepts in the context of military dictatorship and concrete art. It is seen, therefore, that Celeida's life and work are permeated by a desire that was inserted in the hole of the Other and that, given the impossibility of completely disentangling herself from this instance that also made her want, she could create alternatives to articulate between interdiction and transgression, thus experiencing an encounter with femininity. Keywords: Psychoanalysis. Femininity. Transgression.

The purpose of the article is to determine the genre specificity of the Chinese original children's musical Sanbao "The Wanderings of San Mao" (2011), created on the basis of Zhang Liping's (1940) comics of the same name. Methodology - historical, comparative, genre. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the establishment of genre specificity of the Chinese children's musical. Genre specificity of the Chinese children's musical is distinguished both by its audience purpose and by the reinterpreted implementation of the features of comics of the same name, the reliance on which determined the storyline, the image of the main character, the dramaturgical features of the stage work. The general genre features of comics and musicals are systematized, the influence of graphic and literary prototypes on the musical "The Wanderings of San Mao", observed in the system of genetic, historical, genre, and content prerequisites are revealed. The content commonality of comics and musicals is embodied, in particular, in their genre names, which reflect their inherent comedic origins. The historical unity of comics and musicals is due to their gaining popularity since the middle of the 19th century. From a genre point of view, comics (based on the union of graphics and literary text) and the musical (based on the interaction of comic opera and operetta, vaudeville and burlesque, show and variety, ballet and dramatic interlude) have a mixed nature. The Sanbao musical seems to absorb the constituent elements of comic opera, adding them to the context of other genre components of the theatrical whole. Since comics are a kind of literary genre, it becomes possible to interpret them as the libretto of a children's musical. The scene of the musical as a self-sufficient variety number is likened to a drawing from a comic strip, correlated with coherent plot development, the story of the hero's life set out in the short stories. Inheriting the nature of comics as a sequence of drawings, the Chinese children's musical appears as a kind of suite cycle of musical and dramatic scenes-novellas from the life of the protagonist. The discontinuity of the musical's scene-narratives is overcome, as in comic books, by the story of the main character's adventures and dreams unfolding through the story. The author contrasting pictures of the short story musical are united by a thorough plotline, the role of the principle of "three unities" (events take place during one day in the slums of old Shanghai, where a simple child's dream becomes unattainable). Conclusions. The genre peculiarity of the Chinese children's musical "The Wanderings of San Mao" is conditioned, firstly, by the specificity of the audience; secondly, by the embodiment of Zhang Liping's comic book features as a graphic-literary prototype of Sanbao's musical and stage work.

PurposeWith the increasing numbers of the elderly people, the aging segment represents a potential huge market. While this trend is obvious, still little literature focuses on this group. The study thus fills up this gap. Furthermore, the study aims to examine the aging consumers' journeys from the lens of brand resonance pyramid and has its importance using context-specific theories to understand the elderly consumers.Design/methodology/approachCase study method is conducted using the in-depth interview to collect data and inductive method via MaxQda software to analyze. Two types of aging brand (i.e. age-denial and age-adaptive) are investigated (Moody and Sood, 2010). This study interviews 26 elderly consumers, among whom, 12 have experiences in sports gyms (i.e. age-denial) and 14 in hospital services (i.e. age-adaptive). The author also triangulates the results by interviewing two additional experts in these contexts.FindingsThe findings of the paper reveal that (1) brand functional benefit is important for both age-denial and age-adaptive brands while each has different dimensions. Brand experiential benefit (e.g. social, behavioral and intellectual experience) is important motivation for the age-denial brand and brand symbolic and brand psychological benefits are the emotional drivers for the age-adaptive brand. (2) Consequences of this journey include those, for example, brand satisfaction, brand loyalty, word-of-mouth and recommendation and (3) mediating mechanisms, e.g. brand sense of identification, brand psychological attachment and customization for both brand types, with exceptions of diversification and brand psychological attachment, and mutual interaction for the age-denial brand and doctor–patient relationship and consumer inertia for the age-adaptive brand. (4) The current study finds two new concepts for aging consumers, i.e. brand social experience in the age-denial brand and brand psychological benefit in the age-adaptive brand.Research limitations/implications(1) Results of the paper are context dependent and generalization issue might occur. (2) While it is analyzed using inductive method via MaxQda software, the interviewer's subjective bias might occur. (3) Interviewees are at their different life stages, i.e. early-old vs mid-old, and thus, these contextual factors might also influence the results.Originality/value(1) The current study explores the elderly consumers' experience journeys at three stages (i.e. pre-service, during-service and pro-service/loyalty loop) for age-denial and age-adaptive brands and deepen an understanding of this aging market; (2) offers practical implications to brands targeting at the elderly consumers, particularly the age-denial and age-adaptive brands; (3) uses customer journey theory and brand resonance pyramid as the lens to understand aging consumers, and results also partly echo with the theories and (4) explores two new concepts for aging consumers, i.e. brand social experience and brand psychological benefit, thus adding new dimensions to important constructs, i.e. brand experience and brand benefit.

The purpose of this paper is to reveal the role of stylization as a style­forming principle in the evolution of the pastoral genre based on textbook chamber­vocal compositions (arias by W. A. Mozart), as well as little­known ones.
The methodology. The proposed research differs from other studies, which are close in the topic (T. Livanova, A. Korobova, A. Taylor and others), by an interpretative­cognitive approach dictated by the challenges of modern performing practice. A comparative analysis of pastoral semantics in European and Chinese poetics was also used.
The results. On the basis of vocal miniatures created in the XX century (S. Vasylenko "Pastoral" op. 45, No. 5 and A. Rudianskyi "Lotus" and "The Flute on the Water" from the cycle "The Lake of White Lotus" (2001), a parallel of the European pastorals and ancient Chinese poetry from the point of view of a pastoral person in different pictures of the world has been drawn. The onto­sonological foundation of the pastoral is made up of a human voice accompanied by a shepherd's pipe, landscape sound painting (the singing of birds, the murmur of a brook), and the vastness of natural landscapes (plain air). The author develops the conceptual apparatus of the theory of the pastoral to reveal the richness of various composing interpretations of the genre, its dynamics: "semantics of the pastoral", "ontology of the pastoral image", "pastoral person", "pastoral picture of the world".
The topicality of the interpretative­comparative analysis is the conclusion about the necessary principles of stylization of the pastoral: the presence of a genre invariant with its own stable, psychological mechanism of recognition by listeners; historical distancing from the prototype (ancient poetry, baroque opera); creative synthesis of many traditions of the artistic existence of the genre and the signs of its national musical attribution. Poetic text and symbolization of the musical language are also the mechanisms of stylization of the pastoral in vocal music. Musical and poetic symbols, created by the author's intuition, form a new life for the pastoral in the creative work of the XX century composers. If the composer's interpretation of the genre invariant of the pastoral has ensured its viability for millennia, then the performer of pastoral compositions is responsible for their genre and style "purity". The performers must master the technique of recreating the sound­like world of a pastoral person.
The practical significance of the topic is confirmed by the fact of the actualization of the pastoral in the performance of the XXI century, due to the systematic inclusion of its samples into the concert repertoire of vocalists (including those from the People's Republic of China), which requires appropriate historical and theoretical knowledge when modelling the behaviour of a pastoral person in the modern cultural situation.

The article aims at a multidimensional discussion of the little-explored topic of the dramatic content of the philosophical problems in the works of F.M. Dostoevsky (1821—1881). There is proved that it was this feature of creativity that made the writer, with his philosophy of life and sharp, dramatically effective plot and psychological collisions, the most desirable and very productive author for the Russian theater art.Polyphony, dialogism, combined with the features of the tragic genre, are the basis for numerous theatrical embodiments of novels and novellas by F.M. Dostoevsky. The intensity of the action in his works gave rise to the expressions "novel-drama" or "drama in a novel", "novel-tragedy", and in theatrical practice it created the ground for the transformation of moral and philosophical problems into active stage action.The article reveals the context of F.M. Dostoevsky's works — the time and conditions for the emergence of novels and novellas, the problem field that united and separated him from the works of his predecessors and contemporaries, which is done on the basis of a brief description of several aspects of the philosophical-aesthetic and socio-moral systems. In this context, according to our concept, a special place is occupied by the idea that life in Russia is absurd and ridiculous, and the reflection of the absurd is the most important artistic paradigm.The article proves that the analyzed philosophy of F.M. Dostoevsky's life received polar genre embodiments in the theater. Thus, the dramatic and melodramatic beginning was characteristic of the performances that had in their center the so-called little man. The article presents an understanding of the most remarkable performances of the second half of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century: "The Idiot" by G. Tovstonogov, with a new trend of searching for a "positively beautiful" person, which had a significant impact on many theatrical experiences in Russia; "The Petersburg Dreams" by Yu. Zavadsky, as a unique experience for Soviet art of creating a tragic work in full accordance with the aesthetic characteristics of this genre; "And I Will Go, and I Will Go" by V. Fokin, as the last emotional outburst of the young generation of Soviet creators who thought in the moral and psychological parameters of F.M. Dostoevsky's characters; "The Karamazovs" by K. Bogomolov — a postmodern experience of an absurdist reading of the multifaceted text of the classic.In the works of the writer and their theatrical embodiment, the article notes the signs of a carnival worldview, a combination of grotesque and subtle psychologism in the stage versions of F.M. Dostoevsky (in particular, when working with ironic and satirical texts, "Uncle's Dream" and especially "The Village of Stepanchikovo", where sympathy and negative connotations are integrated into a single artistic space). The article correlates the writer's works existential interpretations by theatrical creators of the 20th and early 21st centuries with socially significant problems, life choices, and dramatic conflicts that characterize Dostoevsky's philosophy.

Introduction. In the 1960s, the formation of a consumer society began in the USSR. At the same time, the differences in living standard and quality of life between the segments of the population became more and more noticeable. These phenomena were in conflict with the Soviet ideology – the basis of the political system of the USSR. However, the problem of the consumer society formation in the USSR and the associated challenges to the Soviet system have not yet been sufficiently studied in historiography. Methods and materials. The methodological background of the research is based on the principles of scientific objectivity and historicism, as well as the general scientific and special methods typical for historical research. The research base includes both published and unpublished documents found by the author in the Russian State Archive of Contemporary History, the Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History and the Central State Archive of the City of Moscow. Analysis. The Soviet power tried to respond to the challenges of consumer society within the framework of the new political and ideological concept of Developed Socialism. One of the tasks of the country's development at this stage was declared to be the achievement of a high standard of living in the country, as well as the widespread introduction of a system of material incentives. This policy has had a certain effect. However, the previous challenges for the Soviet system remained, and new problems arose. The wage growth outstripped the growth of labor productivity, and the commodity deficit became one of the main reasons for the decline in the effectiveness of the material incentive system. To solve the problems listed above, the authorities introduced innovations in policy: reducing the rate of income growth and the population's desire to consume, increasing the role of moral incentives, fighting surplus money, and pursuing people for non-labor income. These innovations were in conflict with the policy aimed at increasing the welfare of the population. Results. Thus, the response of Soviet ideology to the challenges of the consumer society was to implement mutually exclusive measures. First, the authorities, while officially promoting a policy of increasing living standards, in practice sought to limit the growth of consumption. Second, material incentives to work and the rejection of equalization were introduced simultaneously with the censure of enrichment. In addition, the authorities failed to eradicate the negative manifestations of the consumer society for the Soviet ideology. In general, the inability of Soviet ideology to provide an adequate response to the challenges of consumer society was one of the manifestations of the ideological impasse in which the country was during the period under review. Problems related to the standard of living of the population became one of the time mines that undermined the Soviet system and led to its collapse.