Suchergebnisse

The present article aims at delving into the impact of the Spanish gender quota, imposed by the Equality Act, named <>, five years after its approval. Hence, the article tries to verify the law's consequences in the National Parliament (in the Deputy Congress and the Senate) and in the Territorial Parliaments, from a political perspective. Therefore, the article examines the behaviour of the main political parties, as well as the elements of the Spanish electoral system and the design of the gender quota. The target is to assess if there is or not an improvement of the Spanish women empowerment in the legislative power due to the Act of Equality. Adapted from the source document.

This paper examines the impact of electoral systems on the success of regionalist parties in national elections held in 22 Western European regions from 1980 to 2004. Our study covers 30 regionalist parties, only those usually achieving more than one percent of the regional vote in the period under observation. Electoral systems are defined in terms of three main components: ballot structure, constituency magnitude & electoral formula. In particular, we focus on the effects of these elements on multipartism & on support for regionalist parties. Electoral results are, in turn, analyzed at constituency level. The analysis of 1622 district election results suggests two main conclusions: proportional systems clearly encourage multipartism but there is no evidence that they foster support for regionalist parties. Tables, References. Adapted from the source document.

Judgments of political concepts in countries with different levels of democracy & advanced states of market economy are compared with those derived from survey data from 50 Hungarian, 50 Slovenian, 48 Slovakian, 41 Murcian (Spanish), 22 Galician (Spanish), & 40 Swedish students. Political concepts -- eg, democracy, inflation, & European market integration -- were evaluated with 8 7-point bipolar adjectival scales, presented under 6 different orientations. Cross-cultural differences in judgments were factor analyzed for Murcia vs Galicia, & for Spain vs other countries. The Murcian students evaluated the political & economic situation of Spain much more pessimistically than the Galicians did, & students of both regions projected these opinions of Spain onto the other countries. Spanish vs other European students differed on many evaluations. 7 Tables, 5 Figures, 4 References. Adapted from the source document.

In this article, the author analyzes the long & stormy process of the Kashmir Conflict between India & Pakistan as well the search of a definitive resolution. The author emphasizes that this conflict, from its same origin, has been deeply shaped by power & influence mechanisms which shake the international arena, & explains how its structure is being directly affected by the course of world reorganization initiated on September 11th. She also examines the risks that international Islamist factions means in the resolution of the conflict in their attempt to gain the support of a population who basically aspires for peace. Adapted from the source document.

First, the author presents a brief account of the initial formation of the first generation of critical theory in Brazil. Secondly, the author pursues the following question: why critical theory in Brazil? Is there any convergence between the reception of critical theory in Brazil & the Brazilian experience? Critical theory became present in Brazil through two distinct pathways: a random influence by the diffusion of ideas, & the reflexive critical self-enlightening of the national social reality. It is argued that there should be a tension & a confluence among the social forms, among them the ideas of center & periphery. References. Adapted from the source document.

In this article, the author emphasizes the importance of control & evaluation in the institutional occupy of public administration pointing to, with special emphasis, that this are relevant means to harmonize & link the decisions, the resources, & the staff in the multifacetic world that own public administration has to order & strengthen to respond whit a sense of opportunity to the government process & to the intense dynamic & plural citizen life. The author concludes that the control & evaluation in public administration may be taken in the values of institutionallity, this means in the values that are typical of gobernation & society administration. Adapted from the source document.

The article examines change currently being witnessed & some of its manifestations, eg, the transition to integral & multidimensional knowledge & the rise of global thought & diminution of state power. The author asserts that the beginning of this era is characterized by change in ideas & structures. In the future, globality must rise above private & national thought; cooperation will be the only form of existence. Finally, the author states that education plays a fundamental role, since it contributes to students' awareness of new social conditions. In this sense, international relations & the social sciences, in general, must pay attention to technological innovation & demands from the market. Adapted from the source document.

Foreign policy design is crucial for Mexico's participation in world affairs. This paper explores the Mexican role within the North American scenario during President Fox administration. The variables that the author considers underscore the trilateral arena, rather than Mexico's bilateral relations with the us & Canada, separately. However, the weight of Mexico-us relationship is crucial for the country's insertion within the northern region. The author identifies the main Mexican foreign policy proposals in this scenario, & points out some involvement guidelines for the future. Mexico's abroad presence is a must for a positive development of our security, economy, culture, politics, & diplomacy. Figures, References. Adapted from the source document.

The author examines Mexico's performance before the Society of Nations during the in-between wars period, since its entrance in 1931 until the end of the Spanish Civil War, & the eve of II World War. The paper puts a particular accent on the defense of the Spanish Republic by Mexican delegates in the Geneva Forum, during the Iberian civil conflict, in front of the sham that represented the so-called "Non-Intervention Committee." The author suggests & develops the argument that -- further than its ideological motivations & strong symbolism -- Mexico's support to Spain served the national interest by strengthening the alliance with the Roosevelt administration before the imminence of the World War. Adapted from the source document.

With the dissolution of the East-West conflict & the disappearance of the socialist block, the peace & security environment both in Europe & the rest of the world has become more complex. The author mentions that among the main threats to peace & security we can find the division & sectorization within Europe, the deepening of social & economic disparity, the absence of a truly pan-European strategy oriented towards economic, social, & ecological development & national, ethnic, & religious conflicts. According to the author, in the case of America, the main threats to peace & security derive from its permanent need to influence & intervene in other nations, as well as the persistence of its border problems. Adapted from the source document.

The main purpose of this article is to show the role of polls in the last presidential electoral process in Mexico. The thesis of the author is that polls aimed not only to inform about the tendencies of the campaigns but were also used as political instruments. Throughout the campaign, polls were used by different political forces as mechanisms to induce the vote showing the electorate that the candidate of their choice was ahead. This affects credibility of the instrument risking its use to predict results in the future. The author argues that it is necessary to design mechanisms to make this methodology credible again. 2 Tables, 4 Graphs, 7 References. Adapted from the source document.

The purpose of this article is to analyze the economic and trade relations between Latin America and the Caribbean and the European Union. First, the author examines the post-war evolution of the biregional relationship. He then analyzes how different world events, such as the end of the Cold War or the dissipation of the import substitution system in Latin America, contributed to economic liberalization and the growth of political interdependence, factors that influenced a rapprochement and facilitated the institutionalization of the biregional dialogue in the nineties. Finally, the author reflects on some factors that significantly affect the economic connection between the two regions. (Rev Mex Polit Exter/DÜI)

This text considers the unsuccessful 1999-2002 peace negotiation in Colombia between president Andres Pastrana's administration (1998-2002) & the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC). Based both on the theoretical literature on conflict resolution, & a factual monitoring of conversations between the Colombian government & the country's main insurgency, the author pinpoints a series of misunderstandings, contradictions & inconveniences surrounding a peace process that throughout its development was gradually transformed into a pattern that further escalated the conflict. Next, the author calls attention to the challenge that the Colombian case represents for Latin America, namely, that the region should play a more salient role in assisting for the Andean country to solve its irregular conflict. The second part of this article describes the ascension to power of Alvaro Uribe's government (2002-2006) in the context of an exacerbated & degraded confrontation. His first year of administration is analyzed, suggesting that there is a swinging between the aim to consolidate democracy & a slip toward authoritarian behaviors. Finally, the author stresses the dialogue process started by the new administration with the United Self-Defenses of Colombia (Auc), the main existing federation of paramilitary groups. Adapted from the source document.

In this paper the author examines Rawls' work & modifies an earlier analysis extending it substantially. He also pointed out the great contributions Rawls has made to philosophy. Adapted from the source document.

From the book entitled "O novo socialismo frances e a América Latina", edited by the author and H. Trindade, scheduled for publication by Editora Paz e Terra, São Paulo, 1982.