This article analyzes the most influential posts on Facebook related to COVID-19, for the first two years of the pandemic, to explain how parasocial opinion leaders created echo chambers, in the Romanian public sphere, and to discuss the cumulative spillover effects these echo chambers had on society at large. A database of the 233,242 most influential posts in Romanian about COVID-19, from the first two years of the pandemic, is investigated using a mixed methods approach, to 1) verify statistically if issue-related echo chambers existed and 2) to describe, qualitatively, how they functioned. A special focus is devoted to trolling in the form of reactions to posts, such as haha reactions for messages about COVID-related deaths. Using the literature on parasocial interaction, inoculation theory, online disinhibition effect and echo chambers, the article shows how echo chambers supported trolling behavior, for radicalized Facebook users, how they polluted the public discussion and how they made dialog impossible for social groups that ended up identifying each other as the enemy. Based on these research results, the author proposes two policy recommendations for social platforms.
In this research, the objective was to analyze justice from the liberal perspective of John Rawls and Martha Nussbaum, with a comparative approach. A documentary review of the bibliographic material about the productions of Rawls (1975, 1971, 1986, 1996, 1097), and Nussbaum (1992, 2007, 2012, 2014, 2016) was carried out, also considering the approach of experts in the subject. It is a qualitative research of descriptive type, with methodological design of theoretical, documentary and diachronic cut. The data collection technique was the signing or registration of author, documentary and content references. As a result, an analytical comparison was established referring to some criteria on the notion of justice, and it is concluded by analyzing the postulates of these two philosophers, that the theoretical supports of Rawls, are far from the real society, by assuming that all primary social goods; freedom, equal opportunities, income, wealth and the bases of mutual respect, must be distributed in an equal way, while for Nussbaum justice must produce in its citizens the ability to deliberate, think, discuss, choose and tries to overcome the concept of justice proper to contractualism ensuring respect for the value and dignity of each individual.
The objective of the study was to determine the characteristics and perspectives of the use of computer simulation as a method for investigating crimes committed in the course of an armed conflict. In addition, the study involved a system approach, descriptive analysis, systematic sampling, doctrinal approach and prognostic methods. The author chooses the technological direction of application of the simulation (prospective or retrospective) and simulates the characteristics of the event, the identity of the offender, the victim of the crime and the sequence of the investigation process. In the course of hostilities, computer simulation can be performed by representatives of national and international law enforcement agencies, depending on the type of crime. Computer simulation in the course of armed conflict requires standardization of procedures and improvement of the substantive and instrumental components of the application of this method. It is concluded that this model has different perspectives for its development, which include: standardization of procedures with due regard to the specifics of the crime committed and the offender; details of information sources; technological direction of simulation; possible types of models; and, the need/appropriateness of involving international coordination assistance.
The article examines the impact of the coalition approach in US policy on integration processes in Europe in the post-bipolar era. The aim of this article was to identify the peculiarities of the political situation in the world after a period of escalation of the nuclear conflict. It involved an analysis of sources in the field of coalition approach research in the United States, as well as a comparison of its impact on the political situation and European Union law. The author concluded that there is a lack of proper research in the field of the impact of the coalition approach in US policy in the post-bipolar era, and its impact on integration processes in Europe. Comparing the experience of the EU and the US, it was determined that the awareness of nuclear danger affected the development of a coalition approach in US policy. The study resulted in the identified specifics of the EU's security policy under the influence of the US coalition approach, where the need to ensure stability and armed security is crucial. Prospects for further research include identifying US influence on Eastern countries.
The purpose of the research was to study the fundamental provisions of the Constitution of India and the amendments made to it, which regulate the constitutional foundations and principles of the formation of a sovereign, secular, and democratic state. In addition, the article discusses the constitutional provisions relating to the acquisition of independence, the freedom of India, the formal establishment and consolidation of the fundamental rights and freedoms of its citizens and the abolition of the institution of untouchability. The study of the role and importance of the political and legal views of the leader of the national liberation movement, the philosopher and jurist Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi in shaping the constitutional foundations and state structure of India is of some interest. The author used a complex of scientific methods to achieve the objective. It is concluded that the achievement of India's political independence, the declaration of equal rights and freedoms and the abolition of the untouchable caste in the state Constitution, is a significant contribution to the development of this country and a rapid step in increasing India's importance in the world.
In this research the objective was to analyze justice considering the optics of John Rawls and Robert Nozick, from a comparative perspective. A documentary review of the bibliographic material on Rawls' Theory of Justice (1975) and Nozick's Anarchy, State and Utopia (1988) was carried out, also considering the knowledge of different experts on the subject. It is qualitative research of descriptive type, with a methodological design of theoretical, documentary, and diachronic cut. In relation to the data collection technique, the registration or registration of author, documentary and content references was used. As a result, it was possible to establish an analytical comparison referring to some outstanding criteria on the notion of justice, especially in relation to how the ownership and distribution of wealth is assumed, according to both philosophers, the action of the State, for Rawls of great inherence and for Nozick of minimal participation. It can be concluded from this analysis that there are antagonisms between these two philosophers because for Rawls justice is framed in a social egalitarianism, where society is something ideal, abstract, while Nozick assumes it within the thought of conservative liberalism, considering a real and concrete society.
A chronicle about the incredible life path of Aldo Marín, a Chilean revolutionary unknown to this day. Early on Thursday, August 5, 1977 two young people died in Turin when they tried to commit an attack against the newspaper La Stampa. They are the "years of lead", and Italy is mired in a political-social crisis. One of the authors of the failed attack is Chilean and, during the previous days, detonated bombs in different Italian cities. The tragedy of Turin put an end to a brief and vertiginous revolutionary trajectory. Juan Cristóbal Guarello narrates in this chronicle the incredible life trajectory of Aldo Marín, a young man from the north of Chile who, due to unlikely circumstances, was part of the political process carried out by the Unidad Popular. Escaping the secret police and exiled in Mexico, the protagonist came to Cuba to be part of a military elite that will aim to return to the country to execute Pinochet. The arrival of Carlos Altamirano in Havana at the beginning of 1974 ruined this crazy and desperate plan. The story - and the detailed investigation carried out by the author - is then transferred to Italy, where Marín and his comrades-in-arms met with violence and armed insurrection that, in the case of some of them, led them to radicalize.
This paper applies intersectionality theory to analyze the challenges and successes of vulnerable communities in developing techno-capital—a form of cultural capital that influences individuals' technology adoption and usage. Through ethnographic methods, such as participant observations and interviews among a group of working-class US Latinas in central Texas, this work aims to explore why digital inclusion programs should go beyond the first and second levels of the digital divide. Our findings show that this group of women faced unique barriers to digital inclusion, such as skills, time, perceived self-exclusion, and self-doubt. Even when Internet access, devices, and knowledge existed in their homes, they felt they lacked the abilities to access them, thus reflecting complex gendered family dynamics. A two-year ethnography with a non-profit serving the youth and parents of their neighborhood revealed that even this organization had trouble recognizing multiple, interconnected issues arising from gender, household roles, and age on top of the other categories of issues faced by working-class Latino immigrants in a large urban enclave. However, intersectional analysis by the lead author, when working for the non-profit, enabled her to better see and make decisions to serve these women's needs for digital inclusion and parent education.
La tendencia mundial es la concentración de poblaciones en ciudades urbanizadas, donde se presentan mayores desafíos para resolver inconvenientes urbanos, ambientales y de gobernanza, producido por una creciente urbanización. Un ejemplo es el municipio de Acapulco de Juárez, reconocido como el primer destino turístico internacional de México, el cual en el año 1900 contaba con 16 990 habitantes y de acuerdo al último censo en el 2015, el crecimiento poblacional es de 810 669 habitantes, es decir, el territorio tiene más de 793 679 habitantes. El destino turístico Acapulco adolezca de diversos inconvenientes económicos y socioambientales como: asentamientos humanos irregulares que propicia el deterioro ambiental por la sobreexplotación de los recursos naturales, así como, diversos impactos ambientales debido al inadecuado manejo de los residuos sólidos urbanos. El problema social, económico y ambiental, se extiende en todo el territorio alcanzando el Área Natural Protegida, con categoría de Parque Nacional el Veladero, que geográficamente rodea gran parte de la zona urbana de Acapulco, reconocido como el pulmón natural del destino turístico. Es porello, que el objetivo fue determinar la generación y caracterización de los Residuos Sólidos Urbanos (RSU) depositados por los visitantes para generar estrategias de su manejo, control y aprovechamiento, logrando concientizar ambientalmente a la población local para conservar el ambiente. La metodología es dictaminada por las Normas Oficiales Mexicanas: NMX-AA,- 61-1985, NMX-AA-15-198, NMX-AA-19- 1985 y NMX-AA-22-1985 permitiendo la determinación de la cantidad, composición, caracterización por subproductos y determinación de peso volumétrico de los RSU, se georreferenciaron los sitios identificados con mayor cantidad de residuos, se aplicaron entrevistas actores clave y finalmente, con el apoyo en la información obtenida se diseñó y aplicó un taller participativo a la población local, donde se diagnosticó la problemática ambiental actual, permitiendo que la comunidad reconociera alternativas de aprovechamiento y mitigación de los inconvenientes ambientales. Como hallazgo, el peso volumétrico diario en promedio fue de 205.7 Kg/m3, durante la temporada vacacional Semana Santa de 2019, identificando 5 tiraderos a cielo abierto, finalmente, con base en los resultados se generaron propuestas para reducir las causas y efectos de la degradación de los recursos naturales, generando alternativas de concientización ambiental y manejo de residuos sólidos dirigidos a la población local para lograr que se minimicen los impactos de los residuos en el parque nacional.
The tour that Dino Pancani invites us to includes the writings he disseminated in the digital newspaper El Mostrador and the most recent in the column section of the Cooperativa radio station edited by the journalist Manola Robles, who left us a few months ago. The selection of the articles is not chronological, nor is it random, but rather has a logic that readers understand as we turn the pages, with the memory aid of the titles of the different chapters or sections. It is a division by major themes to which the author devoted special time and attention at his time, because of what he was observing with his critical and inquisitive gaze or because of the reminiscences they brought to him. Some lived them as a protagonist or witness. Others studied them or on them has stopped to reflect until today. But there is something very special in these writings. An interesting mix of styles, almost a hybrid between the expression of his committed and challenging thinking and the story rich in descriptions. Between the column and the chronicle. Between a journalism of clear, clear and strong opinion that with arguments tries to demonstrate to the reader the validity of its judgment on a certain topic and an attractive chronicle abundant in nouns and especially in adjectives that give color and life to what it exposes.
"The abolition of judicial torture--alongside the eradication of both slavery and capital punishment--was one of the most consequential issues debated in 18th century continental Europe. A revealing component of this controversial debate was presented in the unpublished Discurso sobre la injusticia del apremio judicial, written by the attorney Pedro García del Cañuelo. Seeking support for its publication, he forwarded the manuscript to Prime Minister Manuel Godoy in 1795. The savvy Spanish politician, however, not only rejected the text, but also warned its author against further discussing the issues raised in his treatise. As a result, although its title was known, the essay was lost to history. The current volume, La abolición del tormento, analyzes, transcribes, and reproduces the complete Discurso while framing its proposals within the European debate regarding the abolition of torture and the prohibition of other methods of mental and physical coercion allowed by diverse tribunals. The monography ... examines the philosophical and juridical foundations related to this atrocious practice, one which produced one of the fiercest exchanges of the Enlightenment. The aforementioned dispute reflects the political tensions of an era because a discussion on the legality of torture involves a consideration of what constitutes a human being, what is the relationship between legality and justice, as well as what are the limits of lawful power in relation to the natural rights and the intrinsic value of the individual"--
This paper inquired about how some selected professionals from the guild of communicators in Cancún grouped in the Association of Public Relations of Mexican Caribbean (ARPCM for its initials in Spanish) use measurement and evaluation. The research approach is qualitative, since the interest was to deepen in the phenomenon studied. A bibliographic and documentary review was used to form the theorical basis, as well as a semi-structured interview conducted virtually (which was recorded and subsequently transcribed) to a non-probabilistic purposive sample. Twenty-two subjects belonging to the ARPCM were chosen who met the following conditions: to be an active member of the Association in June 2021, that the terms Public Relations, Communication or Institutional Image appeared in the title of their position, and that they had been in the position for more than three years. Out of a population of 70 active members, 22 were selected: 2 belonging to civil associations, 5 to consulting agencies, 2 to hotels, 2 to restaurants, 3 to recreational parks, 2 to real estate agencies. 2 to travel agencies and 4 representing universities, from which 13 were women and 9 were men. Among the issues on which the interview focused were their conception of measurement and evaluation, whether they were doing it, and their satisfaction with the way in which they were currently carrying out this measurement and evaluation process. Also, there were inquiries about the indicators they used and if they were associated with their communication objectives, the main methods and the use given to the results, as well as the evaluation of the internal communication, indicators employed, among others. The results showed that they give the importance that these issues deserved, but are not completely satisfied with the way they put them into practice. On the other hand, they have evaluation indicators associated with their communication objectives, but the prevalence is on the measurement of products and effects, instead of results and impacts of communication; as well as they focus on reporting activities instead of goals, objectives and results that are correlated with those of the organization. At times of the so-called "new normality", priority has been given to actions, messages, new media, but there is still something to be done for improvement in their evaluation; which is why, in the future, emphasis will have to be placed on this. Particularly, in improving knowledge about planning, goals, objectives, metrics, indicators, and their scope, as well as the possibilities to determine effects on the organization´s audiences. In view of the above, it is concluded that there is still a long way to go for the guild of communicators in Cancún in this regard.
In 1988, the first bilingual educational model in Latin America, managed autonomously by an indigenous social movement, was institutionalized in Ecuador. The will was to challenge the hierarchies of knowledge and an exclusive society. Since the colonial period, the indigenous population, their languages, knowledge and practices had been confined to a subordinate and invisible condition. It had been done through discourses and measures that imagined and manufactured 'the other as other', and reduced it to the space of the non-human, in order to legitimize exploitation and oppression. The indigenous movement, creator of the project, broke into history with the 1990 uprising, and presented itself as a subversive force whose purpose was to decolonize the Ecuadorian racist imaginary. He proposed a political and epistemological challenge, to build what Latin American critical thinking has called "critical interculturality." This proposal, different from multiculturalism, is forged in a counter-discourse that is based on creating a group ('we, the indigenous people') linked by centuries of discrimination, and an 'ancestral' and 'millennial' culture, which is recreated and reinvented claiming a new identity. In this book, the author analyzes the historical reasons why the Intercultural Bilingual Education (EIB) project emerged in Ecuador. In addition, the tensions between this, aimed at decolonizing knowledge and subverting racialized hierarchies, and how it was applied in a State that declares itself 'intercultural and plurinational'. Through an analysis that is historically based and solidly anchored in field work, she will try to answer the multiple questions that arise in the daily practice of the project.
This book studies the period of the Chilean political graphic art (posters, public art). The author inquires into the unexplored area between the "golden age" of the political poster during the Popular Unity and the poster produced after the 1973 coup d'état in exile. And it does so by taking the experience of two graphic collectives that until now had been left in darkness: the Association of Young Plastics APJ (1979-1987) and Tallersol (1977). In this sense, this book does more than fill a void, for "filling" already announces a fiction of totality; As we know, a field of knowledge is never completely saturated: there is always emptiness and there is full, and such dynamics is what produces possibility and future. This is well known by Nicole Cristi and Javiera Manzi, the authors of this book, who have the audacity to construct with rigor and passion a story that places and restores the artistic-political itinerary of two essential collectives of graphic action of the dictatorial period, In turn, are the tip of a much wider skein of coordinations, groupings and experiences still very little explored by historiography and local criticism. A plot of which the posters shown here - almost for the first time - are a historical and technical mark. So, this book does not come to fill, but to reopen the discussion about graph and politics, a book that also has the generosity to leave offered multiple edges to explore on the field of cultural resistance to the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet
As the digitalization of financial services increases, it is the customers who benefit, and the banks have more capacity to enhance the experience and digital satisfaction of their target customers. The paper focuses on an important issue of the Vietnamese banking system. It is the process of digital transformation through applying leading fintechs to their core banking platform. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to explore the possible relationship between customer satisfaction with digital banking services and the other observed variables due to the theory of SERVQUAL. This study reaffirms and adds to the measurement scale system of customer satisfaction concepts while experiencing digital banking services. This helps researchers in the banking sector of Vietnam and around the world have a scale to conduct their researches on customer satisfaction. The author also uses quantitative analysis for a random sample survey within the banking network of Northern region of Vietnam (290 samples in total). Descriptive analysis, reliability analysis of scale, exploratory factor analysis, or multiple regression analysis all provide better perspectives on the relationship between customer satisfaction and the digital services that banks are offering. The major findings of the study involve the fact that focusing on minimizing response time to customers' inquiries and individualizing services to each one of them are the things that the digital banks in Vietnam need to do beforehand. To conclude, the roles of tangibles and responsiveness in the digital banking services can only be examined much more thoroughly in the upcoming researches while this one cannot.
