Suchergebnisse

Indonesia has been undergoing a reform process. It started with the process of rapid decentralization government began in 1999 from a strong centralized system. One of its process is the introduction of decentralization, a process of transfer power from the central government to provinces to sub-provinces. Decentralization became a worldwide phenomenon since over three decade. Countries around the world use decentralization principles with varying degree, mostly by transferring responsibilities of public service delivery to lower levels of government. The decentralization literature promotes the good governance aspects associated with decentralization including local citizen participation, democratic elections and financial and political equity. Decentralization in Indonesia is much more of an administrative decentralization rather than a fiscal decentralization. The central government continues to control a vast share of the revenues required for local governance under true decentralization.Key words: Decentralization, Reform Process, Centralized System, Governance

ABSTRACT It has been fifteen years of Law No. 22 of 2001 on Oil and Gas enacted. But during the same Act is still controversy related to the management of oil and gas sector which is an important sector for the fulfillment of the basic needs of the people in Indonesia. Law No. 22 of 2001 had been held for Judicial Review has been assessed negate the state's responsibility in terms of production control and management of oil and gas by the government so contrary to the provisions of Article 33 paragraph (2) and (3) of the Constitution 1945. The taste of liberalization of the oil and gas sector is evident in Article 28 (2) of Law No.22 of 2001 concerning the pricing mechanism of fuel delivered in the competition. This indicates that there has been distortion of fulfillment of state responsibilities in the framework of the welfare state which aims to create a just and prosperous society is becoming increasingly blurred. Although this section has been canceled by the Constitutional Court, it is important to continue to ressist of the liberalization of fuel prices and restore mechanism for management of oil and gas to the government to be used for the greater prosperity of the people.

This article investigates how the two Norwegian newspapers Aftenposten and Dagbladet framed the reporting about Anders Behring Breivik (henceforth Breivik) in the aftermath of the terror attacks at the government building in Oslo, leaving eight dead behind, and the killing of 69 young people at the AUF youth summer camp on Utøya on 22 July 2011. On the basis of critical discourse analysis, Robert Entman's framing theory and theories about enemy images, we have analysed a selection of articles from a total sample of 1323 articles covering landmark periods related to the attacks of 22 July 2011: the immediate reaction (22–29 July); the meeting in court to prepare the trial (14–15 November); and the presentation of first psychiatric report (29–30 November). Did the media speculate, before Breivik's identity was known, on the possibility that Muslim extremists were responsible? An analysis of the editorials in Aftenposten and Dagbladet concludes that Aftenposten hypothesized that Muslims might be behind the attack, while Dagbladet mostly avoided such speculation. The divergence in representation is reiterated in the interviews the authors conducted with the two newspapers' editors. After Breivik's identity became known we found three dominating frames, the perpetrator as a 'right-wing extremist', as an 'insane person' or as an 'attention-seeker'. The framing analysis show that the 'insane' frame was the most usual in both Aftenposten and Dagbladet, followed by the 'extreme right wing' frame and 'the attention-seeker' frame. The article discusses how this framing might have influenced the long-term consequence for public debate in Norway. ; acceptedVersion

In our paper we present a corpus of transcribed Lithuanian parliamentary speeches. The corpus is prepared in a specific format, appropriate for different authorship identification tasks. The corpus consists of approximately 111 thousand texts (24 million words). Each text matches one parliamentary speech produced during an ordinary session from the period of 7 parliamentary terms starting on March 10, 1990 and ending on December 23, 2013. The texts are grouped into 147 categories corresponding to individual authors, therefore they can be used for authorship attribution tasks; besides, these texts are also grouped according to age, gender and political views, therefore they are also suitable for author profiling tasks. Whereas short texts complicate recognition of author speaking style and are ambiguous in relation to the style of other authors, we incorporated only texts containing not less than 100 words into the corpus. In order to make each category as comprehensive and representative as possible, we included only those authors, who produced speeches at least 200 times. All the texts are lemmatized, morphologically and syntactically annotated, tokenized into the character n-grams. The statistical information of the corpus is also available. We have also demonstrated that the created corpus can be effectively used in authorship attribution and author profiling tasks with supervised machine learning methods. The corpus structure also allows using it with unsupervised machine learning methods and can be used for creation of rule-based methods, as well as in different linguistic analyses. ; Straipsnyje pristatome Seimo posėdžių stenogramų tekstyną, parengtą specialiu formatu, tinkančiu įvairiems autorystės nustatymo tyrimams. Tekstyną sudaro apie 111 tūkstančių tekstų (24 milijonai žodžių), kurių kiekvienas atitinka vieną parlamentaro pasisakymą eilinės sesijos posėdžio metu bei apima 7 Lietuvos Respublikos Seimo kadencijas: nuo 1990 metų kovo 10 dienos iki 2013 metų gruodžio 23 dienos. Pasisakymų tekstai sugrupuoti pagal autorius į 147 grupes, todėl tinka individualių autorių autorystės nustatymo tyrimams; jie suskirstyti pagal autorių amžiaus grupes, lytį ar politines pažiūras, todėl tinka autorių profilio sudarymo tyrimams. Trumpas tekstas neatskleidžia jo autoriaus kalbėjimo stiliaus, yra daugiaprasmiškas kitų autorių atžvilgiu, todėl į tekstyną įtraukti ne trumpesni nei 100 žodžių tekstai. Kiekvieną autorių atitinkantis tekstų rinkinys turi būti išsamus ir reprezentatyvus, todėl įtraukti autoriai, pasisakę ne mažiau kaip 200 kartų. Visi tekstai automatiškai lemuoti, morfologiškai bei sintaksiškai anotuoti, suskaidyti simbolių n-gramomis, surinkta statistinė informacija. Straipsnyje pademonstruota, kaip sukurtas tekstynas gali būti panaudotas individualių autorių autorystės nustatymo bei autorių profilio sudarymo tyrimams, naudojant prižiūrimo mašininio mokymo metodus. Tekstyno struktūra taip pat leidžia taikyti neprižiūrimo Ligita Šarkutė Viešosios politikos ir administravimo institutas Kauno technologijos universitetas K. Donelaičio g. 20-217 LT-44239 Kaunas, Lietuva El. paštas: ligita.sarkute@ktu.lt 28 mašininio mokymo metodus, patogi taisyklinių-loginių metodų kūrimui bei įvairioms lingvistinėms analizėms.

This article analyzes the socio-political views of the specific naive author (a woman of 75 years, secondary education, working profession), which are presented in a hand-written format. The certain basic attitudes, which are characteristic for everyday consciousness of this kind of author, are also revealed. They are: People and power ("Tsar is good and boyars are bad"); Russia is in trouble (it is realized in topics: collapse of the USSR, glorious past is forgotten, enemies are around, dominance of emigrants, deplorable condition of village, ex-scientists and militaries became downand-outs); Pride in the country and belief in its rescue. The basic attitudes, which are allocated in the article, reflect a certain layer of the national socio-political everyday consciousness, which is especially fully embodied in the older generation, which was formed in the Soviet period. Such basic attitudes take their beginning from far away. They got in the deep layers of consciousness or maybe sub-consciousness. They have features of archetypes, do not disappear completely and are reflected in different behavioral forms, including the written-speech activities. The presented material can be interesting not only to philologists, but also to related scientific subjects such as sociologists, historians, philosophers and psychologists. ; В статье анализируются социально-политические взгляды конкретного наивного автора (женщины 75 лет, среднего образования, рабочей профессии), представленные в письменно-рукописном формате. Выявлены определенные базовые установки, характерные для обыденного сознания такого типа автора: Народ и власть («Царь хороший, да бояре плохие»); Россия – в беде (реализуется в темах: распад СССР, славное прошлое забыто, кругом враги, засилье эмигрантов, плачевное состояние деревни, бывшие ученые и военные стали бомжами); Гордость за страну и вера в ее спасение. Базовые установки, выделенные в статье, отражают определенный пласт народного социально-политического обыденного сознания, которое особенно полно воплощено в людях старшего поколения, сформированного в советское время. Такие базовые установки, берущие начала издалека и попавшие в более глубинные пласты сознания – возможно, подсознания – и имеющие черты архетипов, не исчезают полностью и отражаются в разных поведенческих формах, в том числе в письменно-речевой деятельности. Представленный материал может быть интересен не только филологам, но и смежным научным дисциплинам – социологам, историкам, философам, психологам.

The purpose of this master s thesis is to research the strategy formation process in Canal 22: how the strategy formation process is and why the process is as it is. Because the study deals with the how and why aspects, the researcher has chosen a longitudinal single-case study as the appropriate research methodology. The unit of analysis the case is the strategy formation process in Canal 22. Canal 22 is a Mexican cultural public (service) media company. The case is longitudinal because strategy formation, as a process, deals with change. Thus, the case is studied from 1993 to September 2015. Mintzberg's 5Ps of strategy and the 10 schools of thought about strategy formation are some the models included in the theoretical framework. The research proposition states that Canal 22's strategy formation process has aspects that can be improved. Improvements in the process would increase possibilities to enhance the company's performance. Performance is understood as the company's success to carry out its mission, while maintaining, or increasing, its relevance as a media company, which is affected by the structural change that the Mexican media industry has been going through. The findings show that there is not an agreement of what should be the scope of the channel's contents and products based on its cultural character. Thus, there is contention of whether politics, current news affairs, and critique should belong to the cultural offer of the channel or not. Also, among the members of the organization different and opposing values are embraced. This generates conflict, which in turn affects the strategy formation process. The conclusion is that the strategy formation process in Canal 22 can be improved. According to the findings, Canal 22 would benefit if it had greater autonomy as an entity, if it depended less on federal budget, and if an autonomous planning council, independent of the six-year federal changes, was created. The researcher's additional recommendations are three. First, define the organization mindset. Second, employee engagement and independence on decision-making should be increased. And finally, boost an organizational culture of openness.

En el flujo informativo, algunas imágenes, que calificamos aquí de "recalcitrantes" se resisten a perecer y sobreviven a su contexto de producción. El presente estudio analiza cómo una de ellas, la secuencia televisiva de la proclamación de Juan Carlos como sucesor de Francisco Franco a la jefatura del estado, el 22 de noviembre de 1975, ha sobrevivido, metamorfoseándose hasta hoy en día, de pantallas en pantallas, a través de una muestra representativa de algunas de sus reelaboraciones más significativas. ; In the information flow, some pictures, which we describe here "recalcitrant" resist and survive perish production context. This study analyzes how one of them, the television sequence proclamation of Juan Carlos as successor of Francisco Franco to the head of state, the November 22, 1975, has survived to this day morphing, display screens, through a representative sample of some of his most significant reworking.

The paper examines the causes and circumstances of the establish- ment of a Buddhist theocratic state by Lubsan-Samdan Tsydenov, an outstanding figure of Buriat Buddhism. Drawing upon some hitherto unedited Tibetan, Mongolian and Russian sources, the paper undertakes a detailed reconstruction of the events in Siberian Transbaikalia in the period of the Russian Civil War. An analysis of personal notes by Tsydenov and the text of the constitution of the Kudun Buddhist state shows that "Kudun theocracy" was a syncretic fusion of the traditional Buddhist understanding of the Buddhist "Dharmic state" and modernist conceptions of republicanism and constitutional democracy. The Kudun theocracy should also be interpreted as a response of Buddhist circles to attempts by Buriat secular nationalists to build Buriat statehood based upon the idea of national self-determination. The Kudun project shows that Buddhism could serve as a foundation for state-building at the time of the early twentieth-century Russian political crisis.

Affirmative action by giving 30% quota for women, is a constitutional rights that must be seen in proportional viewed without override the right of people sovereignty. As a major stakeholder in the democratic state, is the right of people to elect their representatives to sit in parliament. Waiver of the right of people to elect their representatives is a violation in the democracy system and a violation of people sovereignty.

This paper reviews the experiences of Viet Nam in improving its approach to regulatory management. Since 1986, Viet Nam promulgated and amended a number of laws and regulations to regulate economic activities in line with market-oriented reforms. A side effect of more laws and regulations has been the increasing compliance costs of the business community. Viet Nam then gradually introduced good regulatory practices, including regulatory impact assessment, online publication of draft, regulatory planning, etc. Numerous efforts were also sought to simplify and control administrative procedures, the most notable of which were under Project 30 since 2007 and Resolution 19 since 2014. Both Project 30 and Resolution 19 produced quick and material outcomes. Further meaningful reforms of administrative procedures depend on whether Viet Nam can build up sufficient confidence of stakeholders in the process. As the key lessons from Project 30 and Resolution 19, further improvement of regulatory management requires strong political will, involvement of relevant stakeholders, and enactment of separate bodies with a clear mandate and sufficient capacity.

PUBLISHED ; Cited By :1 Export Date: 8 December 2016 ; The local immune response occurring during Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization remains ill-defined. Studies have highlighted the importance of T-cell immunity in controlling S. aureus colonization of the nasal mucosa. We extend these observations, identifying a critical role for interleukin (IL)-22 in this process. IL-22 is basally expressed within the nasal mucosa and is induced upon S. aureus colonization. IL-22 is produced by CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes at this site, with innate-like lymphocytes also contributing. IL-22?/? mice demonstrate significantly elevated levels of S. aureus nasal colonization as compared with wild-type (WT) mice. This was associated with reduced expression of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in the nose. Furthermore, expression of staphylococcal ligands loricrin and cytokeratin 10 was higher in the noses of IL-22?/? as compared with WT mice. IL-17 has been shown to regulate S. aureus nasal colonization by controlling local neutrophil responses; however, IL-17 expression and neutrophil responses were comparable in the noses of IL-22?/? and WT mice during S. aureus colonization. We conclude that IL-22 has an important role in controlling S. aureus nasal colonization through distinct mechanisms, with IL-22 mediating its effect exclusively by inducing AMP expression and controlling availability of staphylococcal ligands. ; This work was funded primarily by an Irish Research Council government of Ireland postdoctoral fellowship (GOIPD/2014/385) awarded to M.E.M. and a Science Foundation Ireland Investigator Project grant (12/IP/1532) awarded to RMM.

What it means by "under state control" on article 33 point (2) and (3) of UUD 1945, should not be interpreted that the state will control totally the entire economic activities that serve the public basic; the state is not a company refers to democratic economy of Indonesia which hinder monopoly on business by any state or etatism (state monopoly). The precise understanding of "under state control" is state responsibility to manage and drive the economy regulation correctly.

El cine de autor defiende la figura del director como centro creativo y núcleo del proceso fílmico. Dicho concepto se encuentra establecido en la Historia del Cine desde su surgimiento en la década de los cincuenta junto al movimiento de la Nouvelle Vague. Este fenómeno cinematográfico se adapta a las características del vídeo musical creando el videoclip de autor, definido como aquellos en los que se manifiesta el estilo del realizador en detrimento de otros factores de creación estética como el propio cantante o el tema musical que actúa como base. En este artículo se plantean los rasgos de dicha teoría extrapolables al vídeo musical y se muestran las similitudes e influencias entre el cine y el videoclip en cuanto al estilo y la personalidad artística. Los objetivos propuestos son la aplicación de los conceptos de autor y de estilo al vídeo musical, y de forma específica, la creación e implantación de la categoría de videoclip de autor para la mejora del estudio de este formato. La metodología utilizada se basa en la descripción y en la exposición objetiva de la teoría cinematográfica así como de las características del videoclip, y la posterior extrapolación y comparación entre ambas producciones audiovisuales. Se concluye la relación de las nociones de autor y de estilo con los rasgos propios del vídeo musical realizados por directores que plasman sus personalidades artísticas en estas creaciones que combinan imágenes y música con un gran efectismo y experimentación. Igualmente, se trata de poner en valor la figura del director clip de un modo equiparable al prestigio del director de cine. ; Auteur theory defends the director figure as a creative centre and as the core of the film process. This concept is established in the history of cinema since the fifties by the movement of the Nouvelle Vague and the politique des auteurs. This cinematographic phenomenon adapts to music video's characteristics creating the auteur music video theory. In these music videos manifests director's style at detriment to other factors of aesthetic creation as the singer or musical theme of base. This article arise the features of this theory extrapolated to music video and shows similarities and influences between film and music video in style and artistic personality. The proposed objectives are the application of the concepts of author and style to the music video, and, specifically, the creation and implementation of author category in music video to improve the study of this format. The methodology is based on the objective description and exposure of film theory and the characteristics of the music video, and subsequent extrapolation and comparison between the two audiovisual productions. As conclusion, is obtained the relationship of the notions of author and style with the features of the music video made by directors that reflect their artistic personalities in these creations combining images and music with a great spectacular and experimentation. Similarly, it is to value the clip of the director of a comparable way to the prestige of the film director, being as the autor's music video shows the choices of techniques and artistic options by the clip director.

En enero de 1990, un grupo paramilitar entró al corregimiento de Pueblo Bello (municipio de Turbo, Antioquia) y se llevó forzadamente a 43 hombres, a quienes desde entonces no se les ha vuelto a ver con vida. Algunas teorías políticas sobre la violencia indican que pese a la natural destrucción del tejido social que ésta produce, la lucha de las víctimas en busca de reparaciones puede producir maravillosas transformaciones en las sociedades. Para el caso Pueblo Bello, este trabajo analiza cuáles son las transformaciones que se han producido en 22 años de acción colectiva y qué las ha hecho posibles. La línea argumentativa adoptada pretende establecer si el restablecimiento de la dignidad, la reconfiguración de la noción de ciudadanía y la acción colectiva han posibilitado la transformación de la comunidad en actor político clave de la región. Para hacer el análisis, la teoría se contrasta con la realidad, esta última expresada a través del discurso de los familiares de las víctimas del caso y algunos habitantes del corregimiento de Pueblo Bello. ; In january 1990, a paramilitary group entered into the village of Pueblo Bello (in Turbo, Antioquia) and forcibly took 43 men, who since then haven´t been seen alive. Some theories about violence suggests that despite the natural destruction of social network it produces, the struggle of the victims seeking reparations can produce wonderful transformations in societies. In the case of Pueblo Bello, this paper analyzes the transformations that have occurred in 22 years of collective action and what has made them possible. The line of argument adopted try to establish if the restoration of dignity, the reconfiguration of citizenship notion and collective action have allowed the transformation of the community in a key political actor in the region. To do the analysis, the theory is contrasted with the reality, the latter expressed through the speech of the victim´s family members and some inhabitants of the village of Pueblo Bello.

В статье анализируется процесс перестройки системы партийно-политической работы в Красной армии в начальном периоде Великой Отечественной войны (22 июня июль 1941 г.). Утверждается, что данный процесс отличался неоднозначностью и противоречивостью. ; The article contains an analysis of the reorganization of the Communist Party's political work in the Red Army in the early period of the Great Patriotic War (22 June July 1941). The author claims that this political work was rather ambiguous and contradictory in its nature.