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This Article provides the first legal biography of lawyer and Senator Lyman Trumbull, one of the most important lawyers and politicians of the nineteenth century. Early in his career, as the leading anti-slavery lawyer in Illinois in the 1830s, he won the cases constricting and then abolishing slavery in that state; six decades later, Trumbull represented imprisoned labor leader Eugene Debs in the Supreme Court, and wrote the Populist Party platform. In between, Trumbull helped found the Republican Party, and served three U.S. Senate terms, chairing the judiciary committee. One of the greatest leaders of America's "Second Founding," Trumbull wrote the Thirteenth Amendment, the Civil Rights Act, and the Freedmen's Bureau Act. The latter two were expressly intended to protect the Second Amendment rights of former slaves. Another Trumbull law, the Second Confiscation Act, was the first federal statute to providing for arming freedmen. After leaving the Senate, Trumbull continued his fight for arms rights for workingmen, bringing Presser v. Illinois to the U.S. Supreme Court in 1886, and Dunne v. Illinois to the Illinois Supreme Court in 1879. His 1894 Populist Party platform was a fiery affirmation of Second Amendment principles. In the decades following the end of President James Madison's Administration in 1817, no American lawyer or legislator did as much as Trumbull in defense of Second Amendment. Yet Lyman Trumbull had little personal interest in firearms, and never considered the Second Amendment to be one of his major issues. So how did Lyman Trumbull become the leading Second Amendment lawyer of the time? His lifelong cause was "the poor who toil for a living in this world." When Trumbull examined America in the nineteenth century, he saw that the rights of the toilers could always be trampled, unless they had the right to arms, individually and collectively. The story of Lyman Trumbull's career begins in the Age of Jackson and ends with Trumbull's protégé, William Jennings Bryan, winning the Democratic presidential nomination in 1896. It is a story of a man who changed political parties five times, while holding fast to his fundamental principle of free labor. Even today, "The Grand Old Man of America" continues to shape our understanding of constitutional liberty.

This study evaluates the consolidated financial condition and performance of local water districts (LWDs) in the Philippines. Water districts are government-owned or controlled corporations (GOCCs) tasked to construct, operate, maintain, and expand water and sanitation systems in the countryside. They are instrumental in the Philippines' objective to attain 100-percent water supply and sanitation access by 2036. National data show that the consolidated financial performance of LWDs has improved from 2009 to 2018, as reflected in their high and stable cash flows, high debt service coverage ratios, and lower debt ratios. With the aggressive spending program of the government on water infrastructure, lower debt ratios are needed to prepare LWDs to achieve the 2023 and the 2030 goals of universal access to water supply and sanitation. However, the government's spending plans are so ambitious that the current balance sheets of LWDs cannot sustain the planned investments financed through debt. The national government needs to bolster the balance sheets of LWDs by infusing fresh equity of PHP 22 billion to PHP 56 billion to achieve the Philippines' 2030 water supply and sanitation targets. The study likewise shows a significant disparity in water investments across the country's different regions, which impacts the uneven water service coverage throughout the Philippines.

This study evaluates the consolidated financial condition and performance of local water districts (LWDs) in the Philippines. Water districts are government-owned or controlled corporations (GOCCs) tasked to construct, operate, maintain, and expand water and sanitation systems in the countryside. They are instrumental in the Philippines' objective to attain 100-percent water supply and sanitation access by 2036. National data show that the consolidated financial performance of LWDs has improved from 2009 to 2018, as reflected in their high and stable cash flows, high debt service coverage ratios, and lower debt ratios. With the aggressive spending program of the government on water infrastructure, lower debt ratios are needed to prepare LWDs to achieve the 2023 and the 2030 goals of universal access to water supply and sanitation. However, the government's spending plans are so ambitious that the current balance sheets of LWDs cannot sustain the planned investments financed through debt. The national government needs to bolster the balance sheets of LWDs by infusing fresh equity of PHP 22 billion to PHP 56 billion to achieve the Philippines' 2030 water supply and sanitation targets. The study likewise shows a significant disparity in water investments across the country's different regions, which impacts the uneven water service coverage throughout the Philippines.

The series is designed to bring together those mathematicians who are seriously interested in getting new challenging stimuli from economic theories with those economists who are seeking effective mathematical tools for their research. A lot of economic problems can be formulated as constrained optimizations and equilibration of their solutions. Various mathematical theories have been supplying economists with indispensable machineries for these problems arising in economic theory. Conversely, mathematicians have been stimulated by various mathematical difficulties raised by economic theories.

In der deutschen Rechtswissenschaft scheint bereits die Idee von Open Access (OA) einen schweren Stand zu haben: Eine Reihe von Wissenschaftler:innen üben offen Kritik an der Idee oder bezweifeln sogar die Verfassungsmäßigkeit von Open-Access-Vorgaben oder -Richtlinien. Nichtsdestotrotz sind in den letzten Jahren innovative digitale Formate entstanden, die hochwertige rechtswissenschaftliche Inhalte OA veröffentlichen. Nennenswerte Beispiele sind der Verfassungsblog und der Völkerrechtsblog. Diese Plattformen nennen sich "Blogs", stellen als qualitätsgesicherte Multi-Author-Blogs (QMABs) aber tatsächlich eine neue, innovative, frei verfügbare und genuin digitale Form des wissenschaftlichen Publizierens dar, die zwischen wissenschaftlichen Zeitschriften und traditionellen Medien/Presse angesiedelt ist. In einem QMAB können Expert:innen (in der Regel Wissenschaftler:innen) tagesaktuell Ereignisse analysieren, einordnen und kommentieren. QMABs in der Rechtswissenschaft und den Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaften haben als innovatives Publikationsformat in den vergangenen Jahren eine wachsende Zahl an Autor:innen und Leser:innen hinzugewonnen. Auch die breite Öffentlichkeit nimmt zunehmend Notiz von diesen Plattformen. Gesellschaftspolitische Entwicklungen und Ereignisse sind häufig mit rechtlichen und rechtspolitischen Fragestellungen verknüpft, auf die auch Nicht-Wissenschaftler:innen Antworten suchen. Gleichzeitig haben Wissenschaftler:innen ein Interesse daran, ihre Expertise in den politischen Raum zu tragen. QMAB dienen somit nicht nur dem wissenschaftlichen Binnendiskurs, sondern ermöglichen es auch der breiten Öffentlichkeit, an Fachdiskursen teilzunehmen, etwa über die Kommentarfunktion – und all dies über staatliche Grenzen hinweg. Damit fördern QMABs nicht nur den wissenschaftlichen Austausch und öffnen Diskurse für ein breites Publikum, sondern internationalisieren diese auch. Hierin offenbaren sie ihr partizipatives und kommunikatives Potenzial, das letztlich dem wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisgewinn zugute ...

This week's guest is Ryan Busse, former senior executive in the firearms industry. Ryan's new book, Gunfight, is an intimate and revealing account of his experience in that industry, his growing disillusionment with it and his ultimate exit. In this conversation, we talk about rural household gun culture, the symbolism assault rifles take on in political division, and the rights and responsibilities of gun ownership in our country. ; https://scholarworks.umt.edu/anewangle_podcasts/1224/thumbnail.jpg

This paper offers a critical analysis of Canadian media content (The Globe and Mail, Toronto Star, National Post, Huffington Post, CBC, and CTV), from September 2015 to April 2016, of the coverage of the Canadian resettlement effort of Syrian refugees, including representation of the refugees and the Canadian government and public. The analysis is informed by theories of orientalism, neocolonialism, neoliberalism, and feminism. ; Tyyska, V., Blower, J., Boer, S. D., Kawai, S., & Walcott, A. (2017). The Syrian refugee crisis: A short orientation. RCIS Working Paper No. 3. Ryerson Centre for Immigration and Settlement.

The League of Women Voters of Texas is a non-partisan organization that works to promote political responsibility through active informed participation of all citizens in their government. In 1919, the Texas Equal Suffrage Association evolved into the Texas League of Women Voters, and today is recognized as the League of Women Voters of Texas. Their hallmark activity is the circulation of Voters' Guides through newspapers prior to elections; locally, regionally, statewide, and nationally. The League's intent is dissemination of information on political candidates, and the objective promotion of "political responsibility through informed and active participation of citizens in government." The organization's efforts, however, are by no means limited to politics, but also address issues on water, health care, hazardous wastes, education, energy, and such international concerns as the United Nations. ; The records of the League of Women Voters of Texas also reflect socio-economic changes in the United States with the active organizational membership drives of the mid to late 1970s in response to American society's evolution into a two income family. Collectively, the materials provide researchers with invaluable insight into politics and political concerns on an international, national, statewide, and local basis. ; The collection consists of materials from national, state, and local files, financial materials, photographs, and publications of the National, Texas, and local leagues, as well as other state leagues. Also included are a study of the national league, scrapbooks, memorabilia, vice-presidential program files, and printed materials. The focus of the collection is on state committees and local units. ; Highlights from the donation include the original 1919 minutes from the Texas Equal Suffrage Association authorizing the organizational conversion to the Texas League of Women Voters, films produced by the group on legislative processes, the 104th Congressional recognition given and signed by Texas Senator Kay Bailey Hutchison on the 75th anniversary of the League of Women Voters of Texas, and the flag that flew over the Texas capitol on that day. ; Box 7, Folder 22

Background Violence is a critical public health problem associated with compromised health and social suffering that are preventable. The Centre for Global Health and Health Equity organized a forum in 2014 to identify: (1) priority issues related to violence affecting different population groups in Canada, and (2) strategies to take action on priority issues to reduce violence-related health inequities in Canada. In this paper, we present findings from the roundtable discussions held at the Forum, offer insights on the socio-political implications of these findings, and provide recommendations for action to reduce violence through research, policy and practice. Methods Over 60 academic researchers, health and social service agency staff, community advocates and graduate students attended the daylong Forum, which included presentations on structural violence, community violence, gender-based violence, and violence against marginalized groups. Detailed notes taken at the roundtables were analyzed by the first author using a thematic analysis technique. Findings The thematic analysis identified four thematic areas: 1) structural violence perpetuates interpersonal violence - the historical, social, political and economic marginalization that contributes to personal and community violence. 2) social norms of gender-based violence—the role of dominant social norms in perpetuating the practice of violence, especially towards women, children and older adults; 3) violence prevention and mitigation programs—the need for policy and programming to address violence at the individual/interpersonal, community, and societal levels; and 4) research gaps—the need for comprehensive research evidence made up of systematic reviews, community-based intervention and evaluation of implementation research to identify effective programming to address violence. Conclusions The proceedings from the Global Health and Health Equity Forum underscored the importance of recognizing violence as a public health issue that requires immediate and meaningful communal and structural investment to break its historic cycles. Based on our thematic analysis and literature review, four recommendations are offered: (1) Support and adopt policies to prevent or reduce structural violence; (2) Adopt multi-pronged strategies to transform dominant social norms associated with violence; (3) Establish standards and ensure adequate funding for violence prevention programs and services; and (4) Fund higher level ecological research on violence prevention and mitigation. ; Hyman, I., Vahabi, M., Bailey, A., Patel, S., Gurue, S., Wilson-Mitchell, K., & Wong, J. P-H. (2016). Taking action on violence through research, policy and practice. Global Health Research and Policy. 9(3).

Box 1, Folder 22 ; Born in Dublin, Ireland, in 1869, Thomas Aloysius Hickey arrived in America in 1892. Hickey joined the Socialist Labor party and the Knights of Labor in 1893 and became an ardent speaker, organizer, and writer, as well as private secretary to Eugene V. Debs. In 1900, he left the Socialist Labor Party and went on to cocreate the Socialist Trade and Labor Alliance and helped arrange several machinist strikes in New Jersey, which led to his blacklisting by employers. Moving to Butte, Montana, Hickey joined the Western Federation of Miners and helped recruit for the Socialist party. ; In 1911, he moved to Hallettsville, Texas, and started a weekly newspaper called The Rebel. Over time, Hickey became a prominent figure in the socialist movement and the slogan of his paper became the official slogan of the Socialist party in Texas. He served as the socialist candidate for lieutenant governor in 1912 and was married to Clara E. Boeer that same year. The government suppressed The Rebel in 1917 under the Espionage Act and in 1918, the Nonpartisan League fired Hickey as an organizer. ; In October 1919, he and other socialists organized the National Workers Drilling and Production Company. Hickey continued writing, serving as an advertising manager of the Desdemona Oil News and a correspondent for fourteen more newspapers such as the Texas Oil World and the Independent Oil and Financial Reporter. Withdrawing from the company in 1920, he moved to a farm near Stamford, Texas, and was publishing Tom Hickey's Magazine until his death on May 7, 1925, of throat cancer. ; The Handbook of Texas has published a more in-depth online biography of Thomas Aloysius Hickey at http://www.tsha.utexas.edu/handbook/online/search.html ; The collection contains correspondence, printed material, news clippings, financial and legal material, literary productions, and scrapbook material. The bulk of the collection is correspondence, including letters from Hickey's readers and from Socialist leaders such as Theodore Debs. The printed materials include newsletters, pamphlets, periodicals, and circulars. Principal subjects of this collection are the Socialist Party, World War I, and pacifism. ; Conservation Note: In 1985 and 1986, a large number of the papers in this collection were encapsulated within Mellinex polyester film and/or deacidified using Wei I'o aerosol solution. Those pages that were not treated remain fragile and brittle. Also, some of the double-sided tape used for the encapsulation is either coming loose or sticking to other pages. Additionally, the two volume German medical book set is in very fragile condition, with the binding falling apart and pages loose. The covers are also fading and deteriorating.

The Confederate Graves Survey Archive of the Texas Division, Sons of Confederate Veterans consists of surveys of cemeteries throughout Texas, and portions of Oklahoma and New Mexico. The surveys document the interment of Confederate States of America military veterans. United States of America (Union) veterans, as well as able-bodied men at the time of the Civil War, are also documented. 13 boxes entitled "Grave Surveys" contain grave surveys listed county-by-county, 3 boxes of "Unit Files" list surveyed individuals by their military unit. Finally, 17 boxes contain "Veteran Files" that document each veteran by name in "last name, first name, middle initial" format. An index that cross-references each of the collection series (Grave Surveys, Unit Files, and Veteran Files) is included, as are institutions to surveyors on how and what to document while conducting surveys. ; Hillcrest Cemetery #209, McLean, Gray County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Wilson, William Hugh. ; East Mount Cemetery #572, Hunt County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Beall, John Lampkin. ; Abilene Cemetery #138, Abilene, Taylor County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Hulsey, Jefferson D. ; Levelland Cemetery #357, Levelland, Hockley County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Johnson, James K. Polk. ; Highland Cemetery #154, Stamford, Haskell County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Kent, John G.H.

Intro -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- TABLES OF EQUIVALENCES -- PRIMARY CONSTITUTIONAL LEGISLATION -- CONSOLIDATED VERSION OF THE TREATY ON EUROPEAN UNION -- TITLE I COMMON PROVISIONS -- Article 1 -- Article 2 -- Article 3 -- Article 4 -- Article 5 -- Article 6 -- Article 7 -- Article 8 -- TITLE II PROVISIONS ON DEMOCRATIC PRINCIPLES -- Article 9 -- Article 10 -- Article 11 -- Article 12 -- TITLE III PROVISIONS ON THE INSTITUTIONS -- Article 13 -- Article 14 -- Article 15 -- Article 16 -- Article 17 -- Article 18 -- Article 19 -- TITLE IV PROVISIONS ON ENHANCED COOPERATION -- Article 20 -- TITLE V GENERAL PROVISIONS ON THE UNION'S EXTERNAL ACTION AND SPECIFIC PROVISIONS ON THE COMMON FOREIGN AND SECURITY POLICY -- CHAPTER 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS ON THE UNION'S EXTERNAL ACTION -- Article 21 -- CHAPTER 2 SPECIFIC PROVISIONS CONCERNING THE COMMON FOREIGN AND SECURITY POLICY -- SECTION 1 COMMON PROVISIONS -- Article 23 -- Article 24 -- Article 25 -- Article 26 -- Article 27 -- Article 28 -- Article 29 -- Article 30 -- Article 31 -- Article 37 -- Article 38 -- Article 39 -- SECTION 2 PROVISIONS ON THE COMMON SECURITY AND DEFENCE POLICY -- Article 42 -- Article 43 -- Article 45 -- TITLE VI FINAL PROVISIONS -- Article 47 -- Article 49 -- Article 50 -- CONSOLIDATED VERSION OF THE TREATY ON THE FUNCTIONING OF THE EUROPEAN UNION -- PART ONE PRINCIPLES -- Article 1 -- TITLE I CATEGORIES AND AREAS OF UNION COMPETENCE -- Article 2 -- Article 3 -- Article 4 -- Article 5 -- Article 6 -- TITLE II PROVISIONS HAVING GENERAL APPLICATION -- Article 7 -- Article 8 -- Article 9 -- Article 10 -- Article 11 -- Article 12 -- Article 13 -- Article 14 -- Article 15 -- Article 16 -- Article 17 -- PART TWO NON-DISCRIMINATION AND CITIZENSHIP OF THE UNION -- Article 18 -- Article 19 -- Article 20 -- Article 21 -- Article 22 -- Article 23 -- Article 24.

Introduction: Following decades of internal religious, political, and economic turmoil and international actions, a civil war broke out in Syria in 2011, sending unprecedented numbers of refugees to the surrounding countries, to Europe, and gradually to North America. While the international and Canadian communities are struggling to address this humanitarian crisis, background knowledge about the unfolding situation is needed. This report will provide: (1) a summary of the recent history of the Syrian crisis, starting in the 1970s; (2) an orientation to the Syrian refugee flows; and (3) an outline of the Canadian and international refugee resettlement efforts. ; Tyyska, V., Blower, J., Boer, S. D., Kawai, S., & Walcott, A. (2017). The Syrian refugee crisis: A short orientation. RCIS Working Paper No. 2. Ryerson Centre for Immigration and Settlement

Background: As human populations become more and more urban, decision-makers at all levels face new challenges related to both the scale of service provision and the increasing complexity of cities and the networks that connect them. These challenges may take on unique aspects in cities with different cultures, political and institutional frameworks, and at different levels of development, but they frequently have in common an origin in the interaction of human and environmental systems and the feedback relationships that govern their dynamic evolution. Accordingly, systems approaches are becoming recognized as critical to understanding and addressing such complex problems, including those related to human health and wellbeing. Management of water resources in and for cities is one area where such approaches hold real promise. Results: This paper seeks to summarize links between water and health in cities and outline four main elements of systems approaches: analytic methods to deal with complexity, interdisciplinarity, transdisciplinarity, and multi-scale thinking. Using case studies from a range of urban socioeconomic and regional contexts (Maputo, Mozambique; Surat and Kolkata, India; and Vienna, Austria). Conclusion: We show how the inclusion of these elements can lead to better research design, more effective policy and better outcomes. ; Water Management ; Civil Engineering and Geosciences