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AbstractIt is well-recognised that cognitive irrationalities can be exploited to influence behaviour. 'Hypernudging' was coined by Karen Yeung to describe a powerful version of this phenomenon seen in digital systems that use large quantities of user data and machine learning to guide decision-making in highly personalised ways. Authors have worried about the societal impacts of the use of these capabilities at scale in commercial systems but have only begun to articulate them concretely. In this paper I look to elucidate one concern of this sort by focusing specifically on the employment of these techniques within social media and considering how it threatens our autonomy in forming moral judgments. By moral judgments I mean our judgments of someone's actions or character as good versus bad. A threat to our autonomy in forming these is of real concern because moral judgments and their associated beliefs provide a critical backdrop for what is deemed acceptable in society, both individually and collectively and therefore what futures are possible and probable.In the first two sections I introduce a psychological model that describes how humans reach moral judgments and the conditions under which it can and cannot be considered autonomous. In the third section I describe how hypernudging within a social media context creates the relevant problematic conditions so as to constitute a threat to our autonomy in forming moral judgments. In the fourth section I explore some practical measures that could be taken to protect moral autonomy. I conclude with some indicative evidence that this threat is not experienced uniformly across all societies, pointing to interesting future areas of research.

Alexander von Humboldt begab sich 1799 auf Südamerikareise. Auf der Suche nach einer Verbindung von Amazonas und Orinoco durchstreifte er den unerforschten Regenwald. 225 Jahre später folgen wir seinen Spuren und lernen den viertgrößten Fluss der Erde kennen.

In May 1944, at the age of 33, the lawyer and writer Ottó Kornis was crammed into a cattle car in his native Transylvanian town, Kolozsvár (in Romanian: Cluj; after 1974: Cluj-Napoca) with 72 of his fellow Jewish citizens, his parents included. They were deported to Auschwitz-Birkenau. His parents were murdered upon arrival. Out of all the passengers in that cattle car, only he and four other Jews survived the hell of the death and forced labour camps. As soon as he returned home, he wrote a book about his experience titled Smoke ( Füst), which was published in November 1945 in Cluj by the Minerva Literary and Printing Institute and was one of the very first books about the Nazi camps. The present study deals with Kornis' career and fate from the early years of his youth until his death at the age of 38, only four years after the end of the war. It is a microhistory that explores the career and work of a celebrated and award-winning, then completely forgotten author. His life story reveals the central problems that preoccupied most of the survivors who returned from the Nazi camps to multi-ethnic Transylvania; it also helps to document the literary memorialisation of the Holocaust during the early post-war period.

Die Spurenstoffelimination auf Kläranlagen soll mit der anstehenden Novellierung der kommunalen EU-Abwasserrichtlinie (UWWTD) verankert werden. Parallel strebt die Stadt Bremen an, die Eintragspfade von 59 Spurenstoffen und deren Verhalten im Stadtgebiet zu untersuchen. Die Ergebnisse des "Messprogramms Spurenstoffe" berücksichtigen aktuelle Umweltqualitätsnormen der Oberflächengewässerverordnung für das Gewässer Weser und mögliche Anforderungen aus der UWWTD. Dabei wurde der Einfluss des Einleitpfads Kläranlage aufgezeigt und eine Grundlage für die Umsetzung der künftigen UWWTD geschaffen.