In doctoral thesis "The limits of judicial commercial contracts content control" the author analyses the grounds of judicial control of commercial contract content executed in order to ensure the balance of parties' rights and obligations, as well, the criteria limiting such control, defined in legislation, case law, soft law and other documents. The author analyses the conception of commercial contractual relations, as well, the conception of businessman and weaker party of commercial contractual relation, different approaches towards such judicial control defined in contract law theories. The research includes three instruments of commercial contractual content control used in cases of ensuring the balance of interests chosen by the author – reduction of penalties, gross disparity and unfair contract terms control. After the conclusion that some of the national Lithuanian legislation and rules defined in case law can violate the principles of legal certainty and predictability, the author provides several suggestions for the improvement.
In doctoral thesis "The limits of judicial commercial contracts content control" the author analyses the grounds of judicial control of commercial contract content executed in order to ensure the balance of parties' rights and obligations, as well, the criteria limiting such control, defined in legislation, case law, soft law and other documents. The author analyses the conception of commercial contractual relations, as well, the conception of businessman and weaker party of commercial contractual relation, different approaches towards such judicial control defined in contract law theories. The research includes three instruments of commercial contractual content control used in cases of ensuring the balance of interests chosen by the author – reduction of penalties, gross disparity and unfair contract terms control. After the conclusion that some of the national Lithuanian legislation and rules defined in case law can violate the principles of legal certainty and predictability, the author provides several suggestions for the improvement.
In this MA final thesis the author has analyzed and evaluated implementation of tooth decay prophylaxis in the context of Lithuanian health policy and provided possible solution methods. In the first, second and third parts the author analyzes current situation of tooth decay occurrence and intensity in Lithuania, she also analyzes legal acts that regulate mouth cavity health in the context of Lithuanian health policy and provides an analysis of implementation of tooth decay prophylaxis programmes. The fourth part contains overview and analysis of opinions of tooth decay prophylaxis implementers / mouth cavity care specialists as well as patients on the implemented tooth decay prophylaxis and its treatment.
In this MA final thesis the author has analyzed and evaluated implementation of tooth decay prophylaxis in the context of Lithuanian health policy and provided possible solution methods. In the first, second and third parts the author analyzes current situation of tooth decay occurrence and intensity in Lithuania, she also analyzes legal acts that regulate mouth cavity health in the context of Lithuanian health policy and provides an analysis of implementation of tooth decay prophylaxis programmes. The fourth part contains overview and analysis of opinions of tooth decay prophylaxis implementers / mouth cavity care specialists as well as patients on the implemented tooth decay prophylaxis and its treatment.
The author of the dissertation "Effect of the European Union Directives: Aspects of Ensuring the Principle of Legal Certainty" analyses the doctrines of the effect of EU directives formulated by the Court of Justice of the European Union, identifies problems of their application in national court proceedings and provides suggestions regarding alternative regulation of the effect of directives. The research analyses the compliance of the rules on the effect of EU directives with the formal (predictability) and material (acceptability) aspects of legal certainty. The author carries out also an evaluation of the compliance of the norms of the Lithuanian civil and administrative procedure that are significant for ensuring the effectiveness of directives in national courts with the principle of legal certainty. The author arrives at a conclusion that the existing legal regulation may cause violations of the principle of legal certainty and provides suggestions for its improvement. In order to find out whether the effectiveness of the directives is ensured in national court proceedings, the case-law of the Supreme Court of Lithuania and the Supreme Administrative Court of Lithuania in applying the rules of the effect of EU directives is investigated.
The author of the dissertation "Effect of the European Union Directives: Aspects of Ensuring the Principle of Legal Certainty" analyses the doctrines of the effect of EU directives formulated by the Court of Justice of the European Union, identifies problems of their application in national court proceedings and provides suggestions regarding alternative regulation of the effect of directives. The research analyses the compliance of the rules on the effect of EU directives with the formal (predictability) and material (acceptability) aspects of legal certainty. The author carries out also an evaluation of the compliance of the norms of the Lithuanian civil and administrative procedure that are significant for ensuring the effectiveness of directives in national courts with the principle of legal certainty. The author arrives at a conclusion that the existing legal regulation may cause violations of the principle of legal certainty and provides suggestions for its improvement. In order to find out whether the effectiveness of the directives is ensured in national court proceedings, the case-law of the Supreme Court of Lithuania and the Supreme Administrative Court of Lithuania in applying the rules of the effect of EU directives is investigated.
The thesis explores the postcolonial failures in the Middle East through a case study of Syria. Syria like the whole Middle East as we know it nowadays is a state and region of imagination drafted by the colonial Europe after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire. Author defines the concept of postcolonial state of Syria and argues that after the Arab upheaval, Syria as a postcolonial state does not exist anymore. Since the "Arab Spring" Syria got dragged into an ongoing civil war and the Assad regime has refused to go down peacefully. The conflict broke out in 2011 hence the developments in Syria through 2011-2015 are the key interest for the study, however in their analysis author has to take into account the historical context and certain vital developments in Syrian history. Currently, Syrian government is unable to deliver the basic services to its population and thus has been regarded as a failed state. Author analyzes the concept of the failed state, its application in Syrian case and attempts to understand what factors led to the failure of the postcolonial state of Syria. The study builds on an argument that postcolonial state of Syria has failed due to the foundational problems and the failure of the national identity, accompanied with the involvement of external actors, which are further prolonging the conflict. Author tries to examine to what extent have those actors promoted or undermined the failure of the postcolonial state of Syria and further sectarianization of the country. Theories of National identity failure and Constructivism are used as a theoretical framework to guide the whole research; with the former providing the explanation of the failure of the Syrian state and the latter addressing the logic behind the involvement of external actors and assists in generalizing the pattern detected in Syria over the whole Middle East, examining whether postcolonial Middle East has ended in light of Syrian case and given way to the emergence of New Middle East.
The thesis explores the postcolonial failures in the Middle East through a case study of Syria. Syria like the whole Middle East as we know it nowadays is a state and region of imagination drafted by the colonial Europe after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire. Author defines the concept of postcolonial state of Syria and argues that after the Arab upheaval, Syria as a postcolonial state does not exist anymore. Since the "Arab Spring" Syria got dragged into an ongoing civil war and the Assad regime has refused to go down peacefully. The conflict broke out in 2011 hence the developments in Syria through 2011-2015 are the key interest for the study, however in their analysis author has to take into account the historical context and certain vital developments in Syrian history. Currently, Syrian government is unable to deliver the basic services to its population and thus has been regarded as a failed state. Author analyzes the concept of the failed state, its application in Syrian case and attempts to understand what factors led to the failure of the postcolonial state of Syria. The study builds on an argument that postcolonial state of Syria has failed due to the foundational problems and the failure of the national identity, accompanied with the involvement of external actors, which are further prolonging the conflict. Author tries to examine to what extent have those actors promoted or undermined the failure of the postcolonial state of Syria and further sectarianization of the country. Theories of National identity failure and Constructivism are used as a theoretical framework to guide the whole research; with the former providing the explanation of the failure of the Syrian state and the latter addressing the logic behind the involvement of external actors and assists in generalizing the pattern detected in Syria over the whole Middle East, examining whether postcolonial Middle East has ended in light of Syrian case and given way to the emergence of New Middle East.
The thesis explores the postcolonial failures in the Middle East through a case study of Syria. Syria like the whole Middle East as we know it nowadays is a state and region of imagination drafted by the colonial Europe after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire. Author defines the concept of postcolonial state of Syria and argues that after the Arab upheaval, Syria as a postcolonial state does not exist anymore. Since the "Arab Spring" Syria got dragged into an ongoing civil war and the Assad regime has refused to go down peacefully. The conflict broke out in 2011 hence the developments in Syria through 2011-2015 are the key interest for the study, however in their analysis author has to take into account the historical context and certain vital developments in Syrian history. Currently, Syrian government is unable to deliver the basic services to its population and thus has been regarded as a failed state. Author analyzes the concept of the failed state, its application in Syrian case and attempts to understand what factors led to the failure of the postcolonial state of Syria. The study builds on an argument that postcolonial state of Syria has failed due to the foundational problems and the failure of the national identity, accompanied with the involvement of external actors, which are further prolonging the conflict. Author tries to examine to what extent have those actors promoted or undermined the failure of the postcolonial state of Syria and further sectarianization of the country. Theories of National identity failure and Constructivism are used as a theoretical framework to guide the whole research; with the former providing the explanation of the failure of the Syrian state and the latter addressing the logic behind the involvement of external actors and assists in generalizing the pattern detected in Syria over the whole Middle East, examining whether postcolonial Middle East has ended in light of Syrian case and given way to the emergence of New Middle East.
55 pages, 13 charts, 13 pictures, 45 references The main purpose of the master thesis is to identify the impact of the structural changes of GDP on the Lithuania's economic growth. The purpose is achieved by completing these tasks: analysing the theoretical literature and the empirical background of the question at hand, preparing the methodology for the master thesis, and executing the research. Therefore, the master thesis consists of three parts: the analysis of the literature, the methodology, as well as the results and conclusions of the research. The results of the analysis of the theoretical literature show that structural changes were not always considered in the theory of the economic growth. After the implementation of the structural changes into the economic growth theory, it was identified that the structural changes themselves may be of the various kind, and the changes of GDP by economic sector are one of them. In addition, the factors of the structural changes also differ; the analysis identified the main factors as the changes in productivity (divided into three effects) and the flows of the direct foreign investment. As a result, these factors were considered in the author's research; the author had also presented four hypotheses based on the findings in the analysis of empirical background. The methodological part of the thesis consists of the description of data and methods for the research. The presented methods are: the analysis of time series, scatter plots and data structure, evaluation of the level of structural changes (modified Theil index), the shift-share analysis of the effects of the productivity changes, and the regression analysis. The author also defines the conditions for the hypotheses testing. The performed research revealed that the structural changes in Lithuania were insignificant. Regardless of that, the results of the research identified the tendencies of the change based on the changes in the GDP created, workforce employed, and flows of direct foreign investment. The author also found the statistically significant impact of the two effects of productivity change on the economic growth, in addition to the flows of direct foreign investment, the phase of economic cycle, and the expectations about the future economic growth. The conclusions and recommendations section summarizes the results of theoretical and empirical analysis. The author suggests using the presented model and methods in identifying the main supportive economic sectors of the economic growth, and base political decisions on the results of the identification.
55 pages, 13 charts, 13 pictures, 45 references The main purpose of the master thesis is to identify the impact of the structural changes of GDP on the Lithuania's economic growth. The purpose is achieved by completing these tasks: analysing the theoretical literature and the empirical background of the question at hand, preparing the methodology for the master thesis, and executing the research. Therefore, the master thesis consists of three parts: the analysis of the literature, the methodology, as well as the results and conclusions of the research. The results of the analysis of the theoretical literature show that structural changes were not always considered in the theory of the economic growth. After the implementation of the structural changes into the economic growth theory, it was identified that the structural changes themselves may be of the various kind, and the changes of GDP by economic sector are one of them. In addition, the factors of the structural changes also differ; the analysis identified the main factors as the changes in productivity (divided into three effects) and the flows of the direct foreign investment. As a result, these factors were considered in the author's research; the author had also presented four hypotheses based on the findings in the analysis of empirical background. The methodological part of the thesis consists of the description of data and methods for the research. The presented methods are: the analysis of time series, scatter plots and data structure, evaluation of the level of structural changes (modified Theil index), the shift-share analysis of the effects of the productivity changes, and the regression analysis. The author also defines the conditions for the hypotheses testing. The performed research revealed that the structural changes in Lithuania were insignificant. Regardless of that, the results of the research identified the tendencies of the change based on the changes in the GDP created, workforce employed, and flows of direct foreign investment. The author also found the statistically significant impact of the two effects of productivity change on the economic growth, in addition to the flows of direct foreign investment, the phase of economic cycle, and the expectations about the future economic growth. The conclusions and recommendations section summarizes the results of theoretical and empirical analysis. The author suggests using the presented model and methods in identifying the main supportive economic sectors of the economic growth, and base political decisions on the results of the identification.
55 pages, 13 charts, 13 pictures, 45 references The main purpose of the master thesis is to identify the impact of the structural changes of GDP on the Lithuania's economic growth. The purpose is achieved by completing these tasks: analysing the theoretical literature and the empirical background of the question at hand, preparing the methodology for the master thesis, and executing the research. Therefore, the master thesis consists of three parts: the analysis of the literature, the methodology, as well as the results and conclusions of the research. The results of the analysis of the theoretical literature show that structural changes were not always considered in the theory of the economic growth. After the implementation of the structural changes into the economic growth theory, it was identified that the structural changes themselves may be of the various kind, and the changes of GDP by economic sector are one of them. In addition, the factors of the structural changes also differ; the analysis identified the main factors as the changes in productivity (divided into three effects) and the flows of the direct foreign investment. As a result, these factors were considered in the author's research; the author had also presented four hypotheses based on the findings in the analysis of empirical background. The methodological part of the thesis consists of the description of data and methods for the research. The presented methods are: the analysis of time series, scatter plots and data structure, evaluation of the level of structural changes (modified Theil index), the shift-share analysis of the effects of the productivity changes, and the regression analysis. The author also defines the conditions for the hypotheses testing. The performed research revealed that the structural changes in Lithuania were insignificant. Regardless of that, the results of the research identified the tendencies of the change based on the changes in the GDP created, workforce employed, and flows of direct foreign investment. The author also found the statistically significant impact of the two effects of productivity change on the economic growth, in addition to the flows of direct foreign investment, the phase of economic cycle, and the expectations about the future economic growth. The conclusions and recommendations section summarizes the results of theoretical and empirical analysis. The author suggests using the presented model and methods in identifying the main supportive economic sectors of the economic growth, and base political decisions on the results of the identification.
55 pages, 13 charts, 13 pictures, 45 references The main purpose of the master thesis is to identify the impact of the structural changes of GDP on the Lithuania's economic growth. The purpose is achieved by completing these tasks: analysing the theoretical literature and the empirical background of the question at hand, preparing the methodology for the master thesis, and executing the research. Therefore, the master thesis consists of three parts: the analysis of the literature, the methodology, as well as the results and conclusions of the research. The results of the analysis of the theoretical literature show that structural changes were not always considered in the theory of the economic growth. After the implementation of the structural changes into the economic growth theory, it was identified that the structural changes themselves may be of the various kind, and the changes of GDP by economic sector are one of them. In addition, the factors of the structural changes also differ; the analysis identified the main factors as the changes in productivity (divided into three effects) and the flows of the direct foreign investment. As a result, these factors were considered in the author's research; the author had also presented four hypotheses based on the findings in the analysis of empirical background. The methodological part of the thesis consists of the description of data and methods for the research. The presented methods are: the analysis of time series, scatter plots and data structure, evaluation of the level of structural changes (modified Theil index), the shift-share analysis of the effects of the productivity changes, and the regression analysis. The author also defines the conditions for the hypotheses testing. The performed research revealed that the structural changes in Lithuania were insignificant. Regardless of that, the results of the research identified the tendencies of the change based on the changes in the GDP created, workforce employed, and flows of direct foreign investment. The author also found the statistically significant impact of the two effects of productivity change on the economic growth, in addition to the flows of direct foreign investment, the phase of economic cycle, and the expectations about the future economic growth. The conclusions and recommendations section summarizes the results of theoretical and empirical analysis. The author suggests using the presented model and methods in identifying the main supportive economic sectors of the economic growth, and base political decisions on the results of the identification.
Antanas Smetona (1874–1944) was one of the most active promoters of the innate self in the early 20th century. His attention to the national heritage and the native language was directly related to the growth of the movement of national liberation at the turn of the 20th century, as well as the struggle for the democratic school and the rights of the native language. According to the author, the Lithuanian revival was more than just the retention of the parent language. Rebirth meant the rise from contempt, recognition by other nations, spiritual renewal, and promotion of traditional values. More than once A. Smetona wrote in the press about a difficult state of the Lithuanian language and the disrespect of Lithuanians for the native language. He blamed intellectuals (teachers, journalists, or authors of textbooks) for their indifference to language pollution and advised everybody to learn Lithuanian from dialects, fiction, and quality press. A. Smetona encouraged intellectuals to improve the native language and raised the idea of the reinstatement of the language section in the Viltis newspaper; he believed enthusiasts able to moderate it would appear. He repeatedly emphasised the issues of language standardisation and purification, as well as the related problems, formulated the functions of the Lithuanian Language Commission set up in 1911, and recommended theoreticians and practitioners to join efforts in the solution of the language standardisation issues. As the author cherished the idea of a free nation, he stressed that the system of education has to be of a national character, all the Lithuanians have to at least learn to read and to write Lithuanian: the tsarist government-established primary schools did not provide the skills, therefore, the author encouraged learning from the experience of secret schools. Under the then conditions, family or home schools were the only way out. However, it was necessary to write textbooks, primers, reading and writing books suitable for family schools, and to provide quality Lithuanian penmanship examples. A. Smetona responded to the state of the Lithuanian language in Lithuanian secondary schools and taught in Vilnius gymnasiums after his working hours in the bank. A. Smetona believed that Lithuanian intellectuals had to demand more from the authorities, to be more active, and proposed to set up a committee to deal with the issues of the Lithuanian language.
Antanas Smetona (1874–1944) was one of the most active promoters of the innate self in the early 20th century. His attention to the national heritage and the native language was directly related to the growth of the movement of national liberation at the turn of the 20th century, as well as the struggle for the democratic school and the rights of the native language. According to the author, the Lithuanian revival was more than just the retention of the parent language. Rebirth meant the rise from contempt, recognition by other nations, spiritual renewal, and promotion of traditional values. More than once A. Smetona wrote in the press about a difficult state of the Lithuanian language and the disrespect of Lithuanians for the native language. He blamed intellectuals (teachers, journalists, or authors of textbooks) for their indifference to language pollution and advised everybody to learn Lithuanian from dialects, fiction, and quality press. A. Smetona encouraged intellectuals to improve the native language and raised the idea of the reinstatement of the language section in the Viltis newspaper; he believed enthusiasts able to moderate it would appear. He repeatedly emphasised the issues of language standardisation and purification, as well as the related problems, formulated the functions of the Lithuanian Language Commission set up in 1911, and recommended theoreticians and practitioners to join efforts in the solution of the language standardisation issues. As the author cherished the idea of a free nation, he stressed that the system of education has to be of a national character, all the Lithuanians have to at least learn to read and to write Lithuanian: the tsarist government-established primary schools did not provide the skills, therefore, the author encouraged learning from the experience of secret schools. Under the then conditions, family or home schools were the only way out. However, it was necessary to write textbooks, primers, reading and writing books suitable for family schools, and to provide quality Lithuanian penmanship examples. A. Smetona responded to the state of the Lithuanian language in Lithuanian secondary schools and taught in Vilnius gymnasiums after his working hours in the bank. A. Smetona believed that Lithuanian intellectuals had to demand more from the authorities, to be more active, and proposed to set up a committee to deal with the issues of the Lithuanian language.
