Suchergebnisse

This work is of theoretical and practical importance, that is, generation of new knowledge associated with mobile commerce adoption in terms of security concerns and trust which will help not only future researchers but also e-businesses. Despite the fact researchers have examined the adoption of m-commerce in a holistic way, the author found there was no research focusing solely and in-depth on the determinants of trust and perceived risk. The problem was to examine how the above determinants affect the intention to adopt m-commerce. The objects are mobile commerce, security concerns and trust. The purpose of this study is twofold, namely, empirical and explanatory. As for the objectives, it was necessary to review the literature, propose a research model, analyze the results, and verify or reject the proposed hypotheses. When it comes to the hypotheses, there was a test on whether trust, perceived risk, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use negatively or positively affect the constructs of the proposed model. The author used theoretical and empirical collection methods. As for the theoretical ones, analogy, generalization and modeling methods were used. Concerning the empirical ones, due to the fact that quantitative approach was chosen, a survey instrument, that is, questionnaire was used. After the results had been collected, SPSS 22 was used to perform descriptive data analysis of Likert summative scales. At last, the results along with the research limitations were discussed. The final outcome of this study was to confirm all the proposed hypotheses. As for the conclusions, the perception of risk in terms of privacy, m-payments, m-commerce legislation and quality of delivered products has negative effect in the intention to use mobile commerce. Additionally, trust elements such as good reputation, enticing promises, good encryption security and transparency, reduce the perception of risk and increase the intention to use m-commerce. Also, the availability of policies that are easy to understand and find, has positive effect in the intention to use m-commerce. Last, but not least, when customers feel free of risks and have high level of trust in the intention to use mobile commerce they actually adopt it.

Paper touch upon the problems of criminal policy in Lithuania after 1990. The author concentrates on two aspects of the problem: legislative criminal policy and practical criminal policy. 79 The author investigates the changes in present Penal code of Lithuania and their impact on the practical application of the laws by courts and other criminal justice institutions. The author describes the direction of major alterations of the laws and practical consequences of these changes. The author provides statistical material concerning application of penalties and other forms of sanctions. These data are being compared with the data in other European countries. The author makes conclusions concerning further development of criminal policy.

Paper touch upon the problems of criminal policy in Lithuania after 1990. The author concentrates on two aspects of the problem: legislative criminal policy and practical criminal policy. 79 The author investigates the changes in present Penal code of Lithuania and their impact on the practical application of the laws by courts and other criminal justice institutions. The author describes the direction of major alterations of the laws and practical consequences of these changes. The author provides statistical material concerning application of penalties and other forms of sanctions. These data are being compared with the data in other European countries. The author makes conclusions concerning further development of criminal policy.

Object.To investigate the flow of patients and nurses' workload ratio emergency section. Tasks. 1. Analise patient flow patterns change day period LSMU KK emergency departament. 2. Identify patient flow patterns change weekly.3. Compare flow changes in patients with nurses working hours per day during the period. Research methods. A retrospective analysis of patients flow was made analysis LSMU KK emergency section 01.01.2016 - 01.01.2017 calendar year. Also nurses work schedules are analysed in the same period. The obtained data were processed using SPSS 20.0 software package for Microsoft Office Excel 2010 program. The comparative analysis of the literature data, luginantto same type of work in the emergency department of the European Union. Results. The minimum number of patients served per day by the hour set from 4:00 to 7:00. - an average of 2 patients per hour., The highest from 12:00 to 12:59 hours. - an average of 12 patients per hour. The analysis of patient flows within a week minimum set of patients served Wednesdays - an average of 157 patients, the largest lead times - an average of 182 patients. Patient flow-month periods are different.The minimum number of patients served per day is in January - an average of 155 patients, the highest in July and August - an average of 181 patients. A comparison of patient-nurses ratio found that from 2 to 4 times there were more nurses than the patients from 0:00 to 8:59 min. From 22:00 to 12:00 min. and from 10:00 to 21:59 there was 1.2 more patients than nurses. Conclusions. 1.LSMU KK ED serves the average of 170 patients per day. Individual daily hours of patient flow changes. Minimum average quantity of patients are served from 0:00 to 7:00., The maximum average day flow of patients is from 10:00 to 20:00.2. Separately weekdays patient flow is different. Minimum patient flow points on Wednesday - average of 157 patients, the highest is on Monday - 181 patients. 3. Nurse - patient relationship (work intensity) significant changes in all analyzed in daily hours. From 0:00 to 8:59 min. nurses - patient ratio is 2-4: 1, from 22:00 to 0:00 min. 1.2: 1.All the other hours the ratio is 1: 1.2-1.5. The results show that nurses who work from 9:00 to 21:59 have significantly higher workload (1.2 - by 1.5 times) compared to nurses working from 22:00 to 8:59. Recommendations. In assessing the uneven distribution between patients and nurses during the day can be changed by adjusting the distribution of nurses' schedules. From 0:00 to 7:00 there should be smaller amount of nurses than it is at the moment, but it is recommended to increase the amount of nurses from 10:00 to 22:00.

Object.To investigate the flow of patients and nurses' workload ratio emergency section. Tasks. 1. Analise patient flow patterns change day period LSMU KK emergency departament. 2. Identify patient flow patterns change weekly.3. Compare flow changes in patients with nurses working hours per day during the period. Research methods. A retrospective analysis of patients flow was made analysis LSMU KK emergency section 01.01.2016 - 01.01.2017 calendar year. Also nurses work schedules are analysed in the same period. The obtained data were processed using SPSS 20.0 software package for Microsoft Office Excel 2010 program. The comparative analysis of the literature data, luginantto same type of work in the emergency department of the European Union. Results. The minimum number of patients served per day by the hour set from 4:00 to 7:00. - an average of 2 patients per hour., The highest from 12:00 to 12:59 hours. - an average of 12 patients per hour. The analysis of patient flows within a week minimum set of patients served Wednesdays - an average of 157 patients, the largest lead times - an average of 182 patients. Patient flow-month periods are different.The minimum number of patients served per day is in January - an average of 155 patients, the highest in July and August - an average of 181 patients. A comparison of patient-nurses ratio found that from 2 to 4 times there were more nurses than the patients from 0:00 to 8:59 min. From 22:00 to 12:00 min. and from 10:00 to 21:59 there was 1.2 more patients than nurses. Conclusions. 1.LSMU KK ED serves the average of 170 patients per day. Individual daily hours of patient flow changes. Minimum average quantity of patients are served from 0:00 to 7:00., The maximum average day flow of patients is from 10:00 to 20:00.2. Separately weekdays patient flow is different. Minimum patient flow points on Wednesday - average of 157 patients, the highest is on Monday - 181 patients. 3. Nurse - patient relationship (work intensity) significant changes in all analyzed in daily hours. From 0:00 to 8:59 min. nurses - patient ratio is 2-4: 1, from 22:00 to 0:00 min. 1.2: 1.All the other hours the ratio is 1: 1.2-1.5. The results show that nurses who work from 9:00 to 21:59 have significantly higher workload (1.2 - by 1.5 times) compared to nurses working from 22:00 to 8:59. Recommendations. In assessing the uneven distribution between patients and nurses during the day can be changed by adjusting the distribution of nurses' schedules. From 0:00 to 7:00 there should be smaller amount of nurses than it is at the moment, but it is recommended to increase the amount of nurses from 10:00 to 22:00.

In the article the author considers urgent problems of Extradition. The study is based on scientific researches in this area and Laws on Extradition in other countries. The article consists of 3 parts. In the first part the author analyses the notion of Extradition. The legal regulation on Extradition is considered in the second part and the problems of conditions and procedures related to Extradition are presented in the third part of the article. The author pays attention to shortcomings of the legal regulation on Extradition in Lithuania and gives the ways of their elimination. At the same time the author grounds the need of passing the National Extradition Act and at the end in the view he gives the scheme of such law.

In the article the author considers urgent problems of Extradition. The study is based on scientific researches in this area and Laws on Extradition in other countries. The article consists of 3 parts. In the first part the author analyses the notion of Extradition. The legal regulation on Extradition is considered in the second part and the problems of conditions and procedures related to Extradition are presented in the third part of the article. The author pays attention to shortcomings of the legal regulation on Extradition in Lithuania and gives the ways of their elimination. At the same time the author grounds the need of passing the National Extradition Act and at the end in the view he gives the scheme of such law.

In this final thesis author analyses problematic aspects of legitimate interest as a lawful basis for processing personal data, its conditions of legitimacy and proper application in practice. Therefore, author analyses the purpose of the legitimate interest, the essential conditions of legitimacy for this lawful basis and its exclusivity from other lawful bases for the processing of personal data. Moreover, author provides a definition of legitimate interest as a lawful basis for processing of personal data. Author analyses stages of the assessment of legitimate interests, the most important evaluation criterions and the practical significance of the results. Also, the author presents relevant case law and examines hypothetical situations, reveals the significance of the necessity and the close connection with the principle of data minimization, the meaning of the balancing test and the proportionality of the impact on the legitimate interests and fundamental rights and freedoms of data subjects. In this final thesis legitimate interest was compared with other lawful bases for the processing of personal data in order to reveal the advantages and disadvantages of legitimate interest. Lastly, in this final thesis author presents other insights into the shortcomings of the legitimate interest as a lawful basis, which could have practical implications for data controllers, who are choosing to process personal data on this lawful basis, and for legislators when considering legislative amendments or new legislation.

In this final thesis author analyses problematic aspects of legitimate interest as a lawful basis for processing personal data, its conditions of legitimacy and proper application in practice. Therefore, author analyses the purpose of the legitimate interest, the essential conditions of legitimacy for this lawful basis and its exclusivity from other lawful bases for the processing of personal data. Moreover, author provides a definition of legitimate interest as a lawful basis for processing of personal data. Author analyses stages of the assessment of legitimate interests, the most important evaluation criterions and the practical significance of the results. Also, the author presents relevant case law and examines hypothetical situations, reveals the significance of the necessity and the close connection with the principle of data minimization, the meaning of the balancing test and the proportionality of the impact on the legitimate interests and fundamental rights and freedoms of data subjects. In this final thesis legitimate interest was compared with other lawful bases for the processing of personal data in order to reveal the advantages and disadvantages of legitimate interest. Lastly, in this final thesis author presents other insights into the shortcomings of the legitimate interest as a lawful basis, which could have practical implications for data controllers, who are choosing to process personal data on this lawful basis, and for legislators when considering legislative amendments or new legislation.

This thesis analyses determinants that have influence on Venture Capital (VC) activity in Europe. Majority of previous researches used Jeng and Wells (2000) model, where VC demand (Investments) and supply (Raised Fund) side were tested, this model was applied to this research as well. The panel data analysis with fixed and random effects of 22 European countries period 2008 - 2018 was used for this paper and model was improved by introducing 18 new factors together with 9 selected from previous studies. Results revealed that fixed effects model were more appropriate to use in this research. Investment model revealed 9 significant factors: positive impact with GDP, Export, Starting Business, Scientific legislation and negative with 10Y Government bonds, FDI, Internet use, Patents and Protectionism. While Fund Raised model observed 5 significant determinants: positive connection with FDI and Corruption, while negative with Science employees, Patents and Corporate Tax. In previous studies variables were categorized in three sectors: macroeconomic, entrepreneurial and technological (Prohorovs & Pavlyuk, 2013). This model was improved by combining factors into the four sectors including also institutional sector. As a result 4 hypotheses were tested. 3 hypotheses find supported: Macroeconomic, Technological and Institutional variables had an effect on VC activity in European countries. Though, 1 hypothesis was rejected: Entrepreneurial variables did not have effect on European VC activity. These results highlight the importance of Macroeconomic, Technological and Institutional variables in Europe, while selected Entrepreneurial factors did not revealed significant impact (22 486 words).

This thesis analyses determinants that have influence on Venture Capital (VC) activity in Europe. Majority of previous researches used Jeng and Wells (2000) model, where VC demand (Investments) and supply (Raised Fund) side were tested, this model was applied to this research as well. The panel data analysis with fixed and random effects of 22 European countries period 2008 - 2018 was used for this paper and model was improved by introducing 18 new factors together with 9 selected from previous studies. Results revealed that fixed effects model were more appropriate to use in this research. Investment model revealed 9 significant factors: positive impact with GDP, Export, Starting Business, Scientific legislation and negative with 10Y Government bonds, FDI, Internet use, Patents and Protectionism. While Fund Raised model observed 5 significant determinants: positive connection with FDI and Corruption, while negative with Science employees, Patents and Corporate Tax. In previous studies variables were categorized in three sectors: macroeconomic, entrepreneurial and technological (Prohorovs & Pavlyuk, 2013). This model was improved by combining factors into the four sectors including also institutional sector. As a result 4 hypotheses were tested. 3 hypotheses find supported: Macroeconomic, Technological and Institutional variables had an effect on VC activity in European countries. Though, 1 hypothesis was rejected: Entrepreneurial variables did not have effect on European VC activity. These results highlight the importance of Macroeconomic, Technological and Institutional variables in Europe, while selected Entrepreneurial factors did not revealed significant impact (22 486 words).

In doctoral thesis "The limits of judicial commercial contracts content control" the author analyses the grounds of judicial control of commercial contract content executed in order to ensure the balance of parties' rights and obligations, as well, the criteria limiting such control, defined in legislation, case law, soft law and other documents. The author analyses the conception of commercial contractual relations, as well, the conception of businessman and weaker party of commercial contractual relation, different approaches towards such judicial control defined in contract law theories. The research includes three instruments of commercial contractual content control used in cases of ensuring the balance of interests chosen by the author – reduction of penalties, gross disparity and unfair contract terms control. After the conclusion that some of the national Lithuanian legislation and rules defined in case law can violate the principles of legal certainty and predictability, the author provides several suggestions for the improvement.

In doctoral thesis "The limits of judicial commercial contracts content control" the author analyses the grounds of judicial control of commercial contract content executed in order to ensure the balance of parties' rights and obligations, as well, the criteria limiting such control, defined in legislation, case law, soft law and other documents. The author analyses the conception of commercial contractual relations, as well, the conception of businessman and weaker party of commercial contractual relation, different approaches towards such judicial control defined in contract law theories. The research includes three instruments of commercial contractual content control used in cases of ensuring the balance of interests chosen by the author – reduction of penalties, gross disparity and unfair contract terms control. After the conclusion that some of the national Lithuanian legislation and rules defined in case law can violate the principles of legal certainty and predictability, the author provides several suggestions for the improvement.

Summary Fixed-term Employment Contract in the Context of Other Employment Contracts A right to work is one of the basic human rights. After Lithuania joined the European Union, it's legal system became inseperable part of Lithuania's legal system, therefore the author of this thesis is comparing the possibilities for formation, pursuance and discontinuation of temporary job contract in accordance with acting legal regulations, emphasising the restrictions, which were not present until Labour Code of Republic of Lithuania came to act. Thus, the author gives the analysis if the provisions of directive, regulating the work by temporary job contracts, are implemented into the Lithuanian legal system. The thesis concentrates mainly on temporary job contract, it's formation possibilities and laws, prohibiting formation of such contract. In order to display the pecularities of temporary job contract, the author reviews necessary contract preconditions not only for temporary job contracts, but other job contracts as well, including temporary job, seasonal job, avocation, settlement for additional job. Author points out the guarantees and restrictions, which originate when a temporary job contract is signed instead of usual job contract. The author pays great attention to job contracts where the contractor is the head of a company, and emphasises the basis of discontinuation of such contracts.

Summary Fixed-term Employment Contract in the Context of Other Employment Contracts A right to work is one of the basic human rights. After Lithuania joined the European Union, it's legal system became inseperable part of Lithuania's legal system, therefore the author of this thesis is comparing the possibilities for formation, pursuance and discontinuation of temporary job contract in accordance with acting legal regulations, emphasising the restrictions, which were not present until Labour Code of Republic of Lithuania came to act. Thus, the author gives the analysis if the provisions of directive, regulating the work by temporary job contracts, are implemented into the Lithuanian legal system. The thesis concentrates mainly on temporary job contract, it's formation possibilities and laws, prohibiting formation of such contract. In order to display the pecularities of temporary job contract, the author reviews necessary contract preconditions not only for temporary job contracts, but other job contracts as well, including temporary job, seasonal job, avocation, settlement for additional job. Author points out the guarantees and restrictions, which originate when a temporary job contract is signed instead of usual job contract. The author pays great attention to job contracts where the contractor is the head of a company, and emphasises the basis of discontinuation of such contracts.