Suchergebnisse

The paper intends to expose the initial features of Heidegger's hermeneutic phenomenology from the criticism made by the author to the critical-teleological method of Baden Neokantism in the 1919 lecture 'The Idea of ​​Philosophy and the Problem of Worldview'.

In 'The Oxford Handbook of Wittgenstein', Michael Potter's essay 'Wittgenstein on mathematics' offers not only an analysis on why Wittgenstein's philosophy of mathematics is so controversial among philosophers and mathematicians but also justifies such controversy. For that purpose, Potter emphasizes that Wittgenstein's discussions on math are unfinished. This article sheds light on some inconsistencies and contradictions pertaining Wittgenstein's mathematic thoughts which, although reinforcing the decade-long criticism on the author, did not interest scholars as much as Wittgenstein's comments on Kurt Gödel's incompleteness theorems and his dialogues with Alan Turing on the foundations of mathematics.

Montaigne and Diderot were philosophers, humanists, and defenders of critical skepticism. His writings are characterized by a fluid, private, and comic writing style. In Diderot we see a philosopher playwright, author and critical theatrical. In Montaigne a non-academic philosopher, a magistrate averse to the perfectionism of scholastic philosophy, which instituted a new style of writing. There is a common trait in how they both understand philosophy. For Montaigne and Diderot, ethics and aesthetics are two domains of philosophy that have a close relationship. The work of art is an essential element that has the power to awaken the human spirit and lead it to the experience of true virtue.

This paper aims to present the ethical thinking of Simone de Beauvoir as it is exposed in her book 'Pour une morale de l'ambiguité'. In this book, the author retakes her understanding of the human existence given in her previous text, 'Pyrrhus et Cinéas', unfolding better her analysis and presenting an ambiguous ethical principle as universal and singular at the same time from which an ethics consistent with human existence would be outlined. Thus, we will seek to characterize properly how Simone de Beauvoir understands this ethics of ambiguity, fundamentally from the comprehension of the affirmation that "to will oneself moral and to will oneself free are one and the same decision".

The objective this article is to investigate the problem of the formalism in moral giving emphasis to G. W. F. Hegel and its Philosophy of Right as proposal of objectivation of the normative contents of acting. The intention is to present the version of Hegel for the problem of the formalism in relation the determination of acting in the sphere ethical, politics and legal. For the concretion of such task it is necessary to investigate the consideration concerning the 'Moralität and Sittlichkeit', estimated basic to build a project stuffed for a 'Philosophy of Right' and the figure of the State politician. The contributions of Hegel to effectuate the proposal of overcoming of the formalism if find in 'Grundlinien der Philosophie des Rechts: Über die wissenscaftischen Behandlungsarten der Naturrechts and Phänomenologie des Geistes'. The author apresents a clarification some of the main aspects in such a way of the objections how much of the attempts of reply to the problem.

First of all, the article analyzes, in panorama, Spinoza's ontology. Secondly, it shows how, from the concepts present in the ontology, the author derives others, as man, desire, joy and sorrow, hope and fear, security and despair, action and passion. From the relationship between ontology, men and desire - as well as from the other affects -, are extracted, in brief considerations, some Spinoza ́s political thesis. In this argumentative movement, the hypothesis is that many Spinoza's political thesis a rise from its ontology and its conception of man as desire and potency variation. The concept of desire is analyzed in the light of the variation of potency and the theme of natural right, which in Spinoza is identical to potency. When the subject is the brief derivations to politics, some hobbesian thesis - related to the following subjects, namely, the multitude, the people, the representation, the natural right, the civil state, etc. - are brought to show, by contrast, the importance of Spinoza's innovations.

In this article we intend to establish the bases that Martín de Azpilcueta demonstrates his foundation of political authority to reflect on how this thinker articulates his argument to present the people as the original holder of the civil power by natural right. To achieve this objective it will be present how the author relates and distinguishes the ecclesiastical power from secular or civil power. So, it will be shown how the Spanish thinker establishes his foundation of popular civil authority by claiming that civil power legitimizes itself by having its origin in God because it is your natural order and it is given immediately to the community of mortals. According to the thought of Martín de Azpilcueta, it is possible to consider that the secular political authority has the people as its legitimate depository and results in the original equality of all men in public life. In order to accomplish the objective presented in this paper, we will specifically study Notabile tertium present in the work Martín de Azpilcueta called Relectio C. Novit de Iudiciis first published in Coimbra in the year 1548.