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In this article on the basis of previously unknown documents, learned by the author from the State archive of the Stavropol region, the State archive of the contemporary history of the Stavropol region, the State archive of Karachay-Cherkess Republic, the branch of the State archive of Karachay-Cherkess Republic "The Centre of documentation of contemporary history", the Central State archive of Republic of Dagestan, the author studies the Institute of censorship in Karachay Autonomous Region during the years of cultural construction. For the first time in the historiography she examines censorship in national book in Karachay regional national Publishing House. The author found that during the formation of the State regional Litho special attention was paid to social origin for censor, as it must have been a member or a candidate for VKP(b), komsomol and proletarian. The formation of the Institute of political control of books began in the 1930s, however, and at the beginning of the 1940s the State of Karachay Regional national publishing house has not been strengthened. Karachay regional Litho widely used normative documents Glavlit and North Caucasus Regional Litho. Archival documents testify to arrests of authors, compilers and interpreters of educational-methodological and socio-political literature that stood at the origins of the formation of the Karachay books. The holdings of libraries, bookstores and warehouses carried out regular withdrawal of books in the karachay language. On the basis of the analysis of the extensive archival material involved into scientific circulation for the first time, the author comes to the conclusion that the formation of the institution of censorship in Karachay autonomous region, which was started in 1930, continued till 1940. The political control of books and manuscripts was established in the publishing house. The author concludes that Karachay national book was under total control of censors, political editors and reviewers.

The author studies the specifics of lace in the territory of the South Black Earth Russia in the 19th – early 20th centuries. The author has analyzed the history of lace crafts in the Yelets and Mtsensk districts of the Orlovsk province, and in the Zadonsk district of the Voronezh province. Based on archive materials the article determines such features of lace crafts development as the uniqueness of lace; the dependence of the growth of the influence of buyers on the pace of industry development; presence of the qualitative indicators of the manufacturing process inversely proportional to the quantitative; expanding the range of manufactured lace; the expansion of the sales area of lace; activation of the attention of individuals and public institutions to revive the specificity and individuality of local products lace. It was concluded that the impact of identified features on the pace of development of the lace industry in the South Black Earth Russia and on the development of Russian business in general.

Analyzing the history of lace crafts, the author describes the conditions of industrial activity lace, which showed the formation of the capitalist forms of lace makers' work. The features of the capitalist forms of labour which characterized crafts activity are pointed out. The peculiarities of lace sales organization in local and distant markets are studied. In addition to interprovince and interdistrict markets the author investigates the material on exporting goods abroad. The main reasons for the expansion of sales geography determine the change in product mix.

The author raises the issue related to the history of the preservation of unique lace made following the traditions of Russian folk art of their ancestors. The problem consisted in the fact that the buyers were not interested in the originality and identity of the goods. As a result, this led to the reduction of the original performance by increasing the amount of work on the standard models.

The author analyzes the evolution of foreign policy of new Russia, identifies trends and patterns of transition to various courses, prerequisites of the "eastern turn", and characterizes the specificity of this direction in the contemporary realia. The author proposes a number of clarifying concepts within the analysis of the foreign policies of Russia. The foreign policy of Russia for the last decades underwent a number of the changes connected with its orientation to various groups of the countries. However, in connection with the events which took place in 2014, the Russian foreign policy carried out the "eastern turn" that entailed certain consequences and prospects by estimates of experts. The relevance of the research consists in the opportunity to estimate realities of a foreign policy of Russia, to analyse the reasons of its acceptance, possible risks and reaction of the western partners who changed in their turn a course concerning Russia.

Scientific novelty of the present work consists in the systematization of the issue on the evolution of a foreign policy of Russia and the analysis of current trends taking into account the "eastern turn". Besides, scientific definition of "eastern turn of the Russian foreign policy" and its consequence in the conditions of development of modern Russia is worked out. The author considers the main actions and the directions which formed the basis of the updated foreign policy of Russia from 2009 to 2013. The author made the conclusions concerning the analysis of modern Russia's foreign policy and its turn to the east.

The book is the first Russian academic publication in which the disclosure of aerial battles of the Korean war (1950-1953) is not based on traditional Western publications, but on newly found Soviet archival sources and testimonies of the participants of the events described. For many years the author carefully collected materials about the Soviet pilots who fought in the Korean sky, corresponded with the participants of the events. The author highlights the combat operations in the air, describes size and composition of the Soviet aviation groups and analyzes combat losses of the American aces and senior commanders of the U.S. Air Forces.

Two stages are revealed in the development of state labour reserves. The first period lasted from 1945 to 1948, and the second period - from 1949 to 1952. The distinctions of these two stages were determined. The author analyzes the dynamics of quantity and the structure of institutions in the system of state labour reserves in the Astrakhan, Saratov and Stalingrad regions in postwar years. The social and economical factors that had influence on this system were identified. The characters of principal patterns of SSLR's education institutions is provided, the common lines and singularities, significance changes were denoted. The share of young ones from the childish houses into the industrial, handicraft and railways schools in Low Volga River is exposed. The criteria of entering into the education institutions were determined. The interaction of SSLR with children houses was exhibited. The author highlights the status of stuff basis of SSLR in postwar years: shortage of educational buildings and student's homes, equipment's deficiency in industrial workshops and textbooks. The positive changes in staff-technical guarantee of educational institutions to the end of learning period are opening; their causes were analyzed. The author reveals the alterations in staff structure of SSLR and calculates the number of preparing workmen from factory and plant instruct schools; industrial, handicraft and railways schools for enterprises of the Lower Volga region in the fourth five-year plan. The article marks the significance of SSLR in the solution of economic and social problems in postwar society. The author distinguishes the common and the individual in the development of SSLR in the Lower Volga region and in Russia on whole. (author's abstract)

The author believes that the governmental regulation of a society is one of the bases of conservatism. He thinks that the state exists in order to protect society and a person from forcible manifestations and free understanding of personal liberty, from non-state coercion and even violence, from manifestation of egoistical personal and corporate interests. Power of the state considerably increases when it relies on traditions of the past rather than the ideals of the future.

The conservatism as a political trend historically developed as force fastening a public organism. The author of this article believes that only conservatism possesses the real stabilizing resources capable to consolidate society of modern Russia. The author also recognizes that nowadays government and public institutes make certain efforts for overcoming certain social diseases.

The continuity and progressiveness of the state and social development define fundamentals of ontology of conservatism as the world outlook and a political trend. The Russian State is still at the stage of transition period. The formation of strong democratic institutes has not yet been completed. One of the main problems is the need for public consolidation. Now only the conservatism has sufficient resources and opportunities for the solution of this problem.

The article examines the knowledge as an «invisible asset» of a company produced in the course of entrepreneurial activity and the activity of the company's employees. It is assumed that the entrepreneurial knowledge generated at the company can be transmitted, generally only from one person to another, because this knowledge is difficult to not only formulate but also articulate. The article presents knowledge classification on the basis of its formalization and accessibility for business entities. The author offers the hypothesis that the type of entrepreneurial knowledge owned by the organization is a major factor in the establishment, implementation and application of innovative technologies in the economy. Calculated by the author econometric model of multiple linear regression describing the dependence of advanced manufacturing technologies developed in Russia on various factors indirectly confirms the proposed hypothesis.

A. de Montchretien is known mainly by the fact that in 1615 coined the term «political economy», which became the name of science. The purpose of this publication is to consider what the author puts in this concept. At this angle the first time in the domestic literature was analyzed «Treatise on political economy» by A. de Montchretien (used the publication of 1889 in the edition T. Funk-Brentano). The article shows that Montchretien uses the phrase «political economy» for the presentation of a set of rules of economic activity across the state. The ideal of Montchretien – economically active people, honest and hardworking and the country, similar to a well-managed company. In his treatise the author tries to answer the main questions of political economy – what is national wealth, where is its source and what are the methods to increase it? An analysis of his book leads to the conclusion that he came to an understanding of wealth as a natural product created by labor. This allows to put Montchretien between mercantilists and economists of the classical school of political economy.

The article is devoted to the events that took place on the Crimean peninsula during the Eastern War (1853-1856) beyond the main battle fields. The author describes overall picture of what was happening in the Crimean cities on the background of heroic defense of Sevastopol, names cities which experienced invasion and tells about the consequences of their occupation. The article mainly focuses on Simferopol and Bakhchisaray as the front-line cities that played a significant role in defense of Sevastopol and experienced all the consequences of military actions on the Crimean peninsula. The author names the famous participants of the Crimean War whose lives were closely connected with those cities, and tells about historical monuments related to the events of those years. The aforementioned participants include the famous writers L. N. Tolstoy and N. V. Berg, who spent significant amount of time in those cities during the war. Another personality that draws the author's close attention is N.I. Pirogov, a surgeon whose professional activity on the peninsula at that time was tightly connected with Simferopol. The article also tells about active participants of military operations – generals P.A. Vrevskiy and P.V. Veimarn who lost their lives during the battle at the Chornaya river and were buried in Bakhchisaray. The author believes that knowledge of events that were happening on the entire territory of the Crimean peninsula substantially improves our understanding of the scale of the Crimean War, reveals the drama of the War and its impact on nations, cities and individuals – whether well-known to us or not – and provides additional material for patriotic education. The article describes in detail the work on preservation of memorials of the Crimean War and promotes the attitude of care towards the monuments located all over the Crimean peninsula.

The author teaches mathematical and economic-mathematical disciplines, such as "Linear Algebra", "Mathematical Analysis", "Theory of Probability and Mathematical Statistics", "Modeling", "Econometrics", "Economic and mathematical methods and applied models", "Assessment and risk Management "and others for over 30 years. Experience of teaching in high school, work in selection committees in math and physics gives grounds to assert that the average level of schooling of entrants falls from year to year.