Suchergebnisse

The article is devoted to the analysis of the correlation between the figures of the real author and the fictional author-narrator in the novel by M.Yu. Lermontov A Hero of Our Time. It is shown that as a result of the inclusion in the text of the second edition of the novel (1841) of the author's preface, containing Lermontov's polemic with the reviewers of the first edition, there was an interference of the "I" of the real creator of the work and the "I" of the fictional author, to whom the stories Bela, Princess Mary and the preface to the diary of the protagonist are attributed. It is significant that some of the biographical features of Lermontov and the fictional author coincide, and the two prefaces overlap. Thanks to all this, the effect of a non-trivial literary game arose, based on the illusion of the authenticity of the events set forth in the novel: the real author seems to get acquainted with
Pechorin. This game is fundamentally different from the Sternian play and violation of the boundaries of the real and the fictional in A.S. Pushkin's Eugene Onegin, whose main characters are represented both by real persons and creations of the author's imagination. Unlike Pushkin and many contemporary Russian prose writers, Lermontov does not expose, but, on the contrary, hides the fictional, purely literary nature of his narrative. At the same time, the creator of A Hero of Our Time does not resort to literary hoax, does not directly try to pass off either the first-level narrator or Pechorin as the real authors of the novel or part of it. The story of A. von Chamisso The Extraordinary Story of Peter Schlemil could serve as a model for such a game, in which the central character, who tells a fantastic story of the events of his life, is an acquaintance of the author and his real-life friends.

The article discusses the content of the first Russian manual on pediatric traumatology and the key points of the biography and work of its author, Nikolai G. Dame. The article introduction briefly outlines the creation history of the first Russian manual on traumatology for adult patients, which noted that pediatric traumatology developed within the framework of pediatric surgery. The first part of the work focused on its greatest interest to readers. It presents previously unpublished reviews of famous orthopedic traumatologists for the first (1950) and second (1960) editions, which perfectly reveal the books content. The second part of the article included the published autobiography written by N.G. Dame. Additionally, the work of N.G. Dame based on archival documents as a military field surgeon during the Great Patriotic War was presented in the same section. The final part included the role of N.G. Dame in creating an original school of pediatric trauma surgeons. The merit of N. G. Dame is the creation of a manual that outlines the basics of diagnosing and treating injuries in children of all types and localizations. He believed that a traumatologist should have the necessary knowledge and skills in emergency general surgery, neurotraumatology, and other surgical specialties. Thus, he anticipated the creation of injury surgery, of which the basic provisions were transferred from the practice of military field surgery. ; В статье рассматривается содержание первого отечественного руководства по травматологии детского возраста и ключевые моменты биографии и творчества его автора Николая Григорьевича Дамье. Во введении статьи кратко изложена история создания первых в России руководств по травматологии для взрослых пациентов, отмечено, что травматология детского возраста развивалась в рамках детской хирургии. В первой часть представлены не публиковавшиеся ранее отзывы известных травматологов-ортопедов на первое (1950) и второе (1960) издания, они прекрасно раскрывают содержание книги. Во второй части статьи ...

According to linguistic creativity studies, the text is a product of creative activity of the author, who uses linguistic innovations and creative means mainly at the lexical level. However, linguistic creativity can manifest itself at any linguistic level. The present research featured the manifestation of linguistic creativity at the level of communication and discourse. The paper describes the formats of interaction between the author and the reader in the text of a comic book, which acts as a parameter of linguistic creativity on the communicative and discursive level. American comic books about Spider-Man, Hulk, and Daredevil (1960s–1980s) contain the traditional narrator – reader / listener interaction when the author comments on the real events and gives detailed information about the devices and appliances used by the characters. New creative formats include we (creators) – you (reader) and we (creators and readers). In the we (creators) – you (reader) format, authors share their opinions on the current comic book, publish teasers about the next issue, congratulate themselves and the personages on the work done, and openly communicate with readers through letters to the editorial office. The we (creators and readers) format presupposes a joint participation of authors and readers in the story. These formats emerge under the influence of temporal, cultural, social, economic, and political factors and are mediated by the discursive practices of rotation, dissemination, approximation, convergence, etc. ; Современные тенденции в исследовании лингвокреативности сводятся к тому, что текст представляет собой продукт и результат творческой деятельности автора, использующего языковые инновации и лингвокреативные средства в основном на лексическом уровне. Однако лингвокреативность может проявляться на любом из языковых уровней. Предмет исследования – проявление лингвокреативности на коммуникативно-дискурсивном уровне. Цель – определить и описать форматы интеракции между автором и читателем в тексте комикса, ...

Integration of Russian science into the world's scientific community is an important task for the government, universities, research organizations, and researchers. The ORCID identifier (iD) is an efficient tool for promoting researchers and their works, building researchers' personal brands and enhancing their reputation in the scientific community, as well as attributing authorship. Modern journals are increasingly requiring their contributors to provide an ORCID iD as a mandatory element of the author's information. Russian researchers, possibly due to the low awareness about the benefits of ORCID, make some typical mistakes when registering and completing their ORCID records. This article provides a brief analysis of such mistakes and shows 1) how to correctly present a researcher's published (preferred) name and how to indicate other names the researcher is known by; 2) what visibility modes ORCID provides to its users; 3) what data can be added to a researcher's ORCID iD for improved discoverability and recognition. An example of a published article with a wrong ORCID iD is presented; all the resulting negative outcomes for the journal are discussed. The conclusion is made about the need to raise the awareness among the research community about the importance of full and correct ORCID profiles. Editors of scientific journals should ensure that the authors' ORCID records are filled out correctly. ; Продвижение научных исследований российских ученых на международный уровень – задача, которую ставит перед исследователями не только государство и организации, в которых они работают, но сами ученые. Важным механизмом продвижения ученого и его исследований, создания личного (персонального) бренда ученого, повышения его репутации в научном обществе и идентификации его авторства является профиль ORCID. В настоящее время многие редакции журналов включают в требования к статье при подаче рукописи на рассмотрение для возможной публикации в качестве обязательного элемента данных об авторе идентификатор ORCID. Российские авторы, чаще всего не понимая смысла и значения для себя и собственной научной репутации этого идентификатора, допускают ошибки при регистрации и заполнении своих учетных записей в ORCID. В статье дается краткий анализ основных ошибок. Автором показано: 1) как правильно представить в профиле основное имя и где указать все вариации имен, которые когда-либо появлялись в публикациях автора; 2) какие режимы видимости информации предоставляет ORCID владельцам учетных записей; 3) какие данные, необходимые для повышения репутации ученого, можно заполнить в профиле ORCID. Также представлен пример публикации статьи с чужим ORCID и чем это грозит редакции журнала. Делается вывод о необходимости проведения разъяснительной работы среди ученых о важности использования и корректного заполнения авторских профилей ORCID. Редакциям научных журналов следует вести работу со своими авторами в этом направлении, а также более тщательно проверять корректность предоставленных авторами идентификаторов.

В статье рассматриваются изменения на уровне ядра и ближней периферии концепта "война" на материале текстов выступлений выдающихся политиков XX столетия. ; The aim of the analysis is to reveal what transformations have occurred on the level of the core and close periphery in the 21st century, which, may facilitate the formation of the strategy and tactics of counteracting threats to national security. The article studies the selected speeches of the prominent politicians of the 20th century, as well as the works of military experts and political scientists of the 21st century.

The article examines the historical and legal prerequisites for the origin and formation of copyright in the Russian Empire in the XIXcentury. The main provisions of the censorship statutes of the specified period are analyzed, in particular, the Code of Statutes on Censorship of 1857. It should be noted the influence of foreign legislation on the content of law and the formation of codification acts of the Russian Empire. This was manifested by the emergence of new branches of law and state-legal institutions. First of all, such as copyright, contract law, inheritance law, ownership of works of science, literature, arts and arts, censorship, legal liability, etc. The reformation of law according to the Romano-Germanic (continental) model brought to life, into legal and scientific circulation, a new legal terminology. Judicial and administrative practice was henceforth based on the imperial decrees, laws, codes (codes, codes, charters), departmental circulars and instructions adopted and approved. The goals and objectives of this study are a comparative legal analysis of the norms and provisions of the imperial legislation in the field of copyright and censorship law, the characteristics of their main institutions and ways of applying sanctions for violation. The methods used in the research include historical, statistical, comparative legal, etc. The results of the study are to identify the patterns of development of copyright, to study the substantive features of the functioning of its institutions during the period of state-legal reforms, their subsequent evolution. The foundations of copyright laid down in the period under review have their own development, are reflected in modern legislation, despite its significant changes, including in the field of new information technologies. ; Встатье рассмотрены историко-правовые предпосылки зарождения истановления авторского права вРоссийской империи в XIXв. Проанализированы основные положения цензурных уставов указанного периода, вчастности Свода уставов оцензуре 1857г. Отмечено влияние зарубежного законодательства на содержание права и формирование кодификационных актов Российской империи. Это проявлялось впоявлении новых отраслей права и правовых институтов, прежде всего таких, как авторское право, договорное право, наследственное право, право собственности на произведения наук, словесности, художеств иискусств, цензура, юридическая ответственность идр. Реформирование права по романо-германскому (континентальному) образцу вызвало кжизни, ввело вправовой инаучный оборот новую юридическую терминологию. Судебная иадминистративная практика стала строиться на основе принимаемых иутверждаемых императорских указов, законов, кодексов (уложений, сводов, уставов), ведомственных циркуляров иинструкций. В качестве целей изадач данного исследования определяются сравнительно-правовой анализ норм и положений имперского законодательства всфере авторского ицензурного права, характеристики основных их институтов испособы применения санкций за нарушение. К числу методов, применяемых при проведении исследования, относятся исторический, статистический, сравнительно-правовой идр. Результаты проведенного исследования заключаются ввыявлении закономерностей развития авторского права, изучении содержательных особенностей функционирования его институтов впериод государственно-правовых реформ, их последующей эволюции. Заложенные врассматриваемый период основы авторского права развивались инашли отражение всовременном законодательстве, несмотря на его существенное изменение, втом числе под влиянием новых информационных технологий.

The research features letters written by soldiers of the Great Patriotic War. It focuses on the written speech skills of military letter-writers and their written speech personalities. The study involved the method of scientific description and the comparative analysis. The article introduces such terms as natural written speech, linguistic personality, written speech personality, and text. War correspondence is an example of natural written speech. Based on N. B. Lebedeva's authentic typology of the written-speech personality, the authors defined five types of linguistic personalities and arranged them according to the inclusion of the letter-writer in the written code. The scale ranges from letter-writers with a poor command of the written language and those who easily switched from oral to written speech. The latter were eager to use the written channel of communication as a means of self-expression. ; Объект исследования – авторы армейских писем. Предмет – способность авторов фронтовых писем к письменно-речевой деятельности. Цель – выявить типы письменно-речевых личностей авторов военных писем. В качестве методов исследования были использованы метод научного описания и сопоставительный метод. Определяетсятерминологический аппарат исследования (рассматриваются понятия естественная письменная речь, языковая личность, письменно-языковая личность, текст); анализируются оригинальные фронтовые письма рядовых носителей языка, прошедших войну. Новизна исследования заключается в том, что в научный оборот введен новый материал: описаны фронтовые письма, представляющие собой особый объект лингвистики – естественную письменную речь. В результате на основании разработанной Н. Б. Лебедевой типологии письменно-речевой личности рядовых носителей языка выявлено и охарактеризовано пять типов языковых личностей. С учетом полученных результатов выстраивается шкала включенности авторов армейских писем в письменный код. На одном полюсе находятся авторы, являющиеся далекими от письменной культуры людьми, слабо владеющими нормами ...

Восстание Ната Тернера, произошедшее в августе 1831 года в округе Саутгемптон, штат Вирджиния, является одним из самых знаковых и в то же время хорошо изученных и задокументированных событий американской истории. Тем не менее, можно с уверенностью утверждать, что в отечественной американистике должного внимания ему никогда не уделялось. До настоящего времени не вышло ни одного масштабного исследования. Даже сам ход восстания в русскоязычной литературе описан крайне поверхностно и, в основном, в публицистических работах, являющихся в большинстве своем переводом или компиляцией нескольких американских журналистских материалов. В данной статье автор попытался восполнить указанный пробел и восстановить общую картину и хронику событий, опираясь на источники и работы ведущих зарубежных специалистов по направлению «Афроамериканская история» (Black History) ⁎ . В статье подробно прослеживается маршрут продвижения группы мятежников по округу Саутгемптон и основные события, происходившие в активной фазе восстания, т.е. в период с 22 часов 21 августа до 5 часов утра 23 августа 1831 г. При этом вопросы выявления причин и предпосылок, а также непосредственной подготовки восстания автор намеренно опускает, фокусируясь исключительно на описании хода вооруженного выступления рабов. Автором предложена собственная периодизация восстания, а также определен круг причин его поражения.
Nat Turner's Rebellion that took place in Southampton County, Virginia, in August 1831 is one of the most iconic and at the same time well-studied and documented events in American history. Nevertheless, it is safe to say that Russian American studies have never paid due attention to this issue. Not a single major study has been published so far. Even the course of the rebellion is described in Russian-language literature in a superficial manner mainly in popular science and journalistic works, which are mostly translations or compilations of several American journalistic materials. In this article, the author tried to fill this gap and to reconstruct the overall picture and chronicle of events, relying on the sources and works of leading foreign experts in the field of African American History (Black History).⁎ The article retraces in detail the advance of the rebel group through Southampton County and the main events that took place in the active phase of the rebellion, i.e. in the period between 10 p.m. on August 21 and 5 a.m. on August 23, 1831. The author deliberately omits the questions of identifying the causes and prerequisites of the rebellion as well as its immediate preparation, focusing exclusively on the description of the course of the armed slave uprising. The author proposes his own periodization of the rebellion and also determines the range of reasons for its defeat.

The subject. The article analyzes seven stages of the evolution of the constitutional legal status of the first federal territory in history the District of Columbia, USA. In the course of this analysis, the author formulates the constitutional legal risks of the existence of federal territories in the state. From the standpoint of identifying constitutional legal risks, an amendment to Article 67 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation on the possibility of the formation of federal territories on the territory of Russia is also analyzed.The purpose of the paper is to identify constitutional legal risks in terms of the existence of federal territories using the example of the centuries-old struggle of the District of Columbia for autonomy.The methodology of the study includes general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, description) and legal methods. In addition to this, historical method was also applicable.The main results and scope of their application. The author realized, that a certain constitutional risk exists when the federal territory is established as a special public-law entity, because the evolutionary process of the constitutional-legal status of the first federal territory, that was established in constitutional law – the District of Columbia in the United States of America, demonstrated such risk. The author describes seven different stages of the evolutionary process of the DC's constitutional legal status in its pass to autonomy and full political rights: (1) 1800–1870; (2) 1871 – June of 1874; (3) 20 of June 1874 – 1967; (4) 1967–1973; (5) 1973–1983; (6) September of 1983 – 2016; (7) since 2016 until now.According to these periods, since 1801, DC residents, bound by all obligations of American citizenship, want to be equal to the rest of America's citizens. The United States is the only democratic country in the world today that denies the right to vote for a representative of the capital in the Congress. The Statehood of Washington, DC will correct a long-standing historical injustice that is unique in its nature among all capitals in the world. The author also proposes to consider as a constitutional risk the possibility of negative consequences (legal damage) for the subjects of constitutional law due to the contention of constitutional values.In addition to this, the author concluded, that there is a risk that the Council of the Federal Territory "Sirius" will lose its representative character due to the absence of the established dependence of the number of elected Council members on the number of voters, as happened in the District of Columbia, where a fixed number of Council members (13) is also established, which cannot be changed by the district and which does not depend on the population living in its territory. It is also necessary to take into account the constitutional risk of the federal territory striving for autonomy within the federation, especially in the case of the formation of a local community on its territory. ; Анализируются семь этапов эволюции конституционно-правового статуса первой в истории федеральной территории – округа Колумбия, США. В ходе анализа формулируются конституционно-правовые риски, связанные с существованием федеральных территорий в государстве. С позиции выявления конституционно-правовых рисков также рассматривается поправка к ст. 67 Конституции РФ о возможности образования федеральных территорий в России, а также Федеральный закон от 22 декабря 2020 г. № 437-ФЗ «О федеральной территории "Сириус"». Делается вывод, что существует риск утраты представительного характера Советом федеральной территории «Сириус» в связи с отсутствием установленной зависимости количества избираемых членов Совета от численности избирателей. Также существует конституционно-правовой риск в виде стремления федеральной территории к автономии в составе федерации, особенно в случае образования местного сообщества на его территории.

The article presents the International conference Language, Culture,
Creativity in Transdisciplinary Dimensions: Traditions and Innovations, which took
place on October 22‒24, 2021 in Minsk (Belarus) and was dedicated to the 90th anniversary of the birth of prof. V.N. Teliya and the 100th anniversary of the Belarusian
State University. The article contains a brief overview of a wide range of problems of modern linguistics, phraseology, linguoculturology, lexicography, which became
the subject of discussion in plenary and sectional reports, as well as during the round
table.

The article is devoted to the development of approaches to the legal qualification of the consent to harm in German doctrine and case law. The author explores the problems of the transactional theory of consent, based on the provisions of the German Civil Code and dogmatically formulated in the work of E. Zitelmann. The article describes the early case law of the German high courts on the consent to harm. The author generalizes critique of the transactional theory of consent in the doctrine and describes a departure from it in the case law of the mid-20th century in Germany. The author dwells in detail on various non-transactional approaches to the qualification of consent presented in the works of K. Larentz, E. Schenke, O. Bucher and W. Münzberg. The article describes a modern approach to consent based on the teleological reduction of some rules on transactions. The author comes to the conclusion that the development of doctrinal views on consent to harm in Germany proceeded dialectically: from the transactional qualification of consent through non-transactional approaches to the limited application of certain rules on transactions. The author suggests to qualify consent to harm as a transaction with some reservations.

November 22, 2021 marked the 82nd anniversary of the birth of the famous Russian scientist, full member of the Engineering Academy and the Russian Academy of Sciences, laureate of the Russian Government Prize in science and Technology, laureate of the G.M.Krzhizhanovsky Prize, honorary power engineer of the USSR, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor Vitaly Vasilyevich Bushuev. V.V.Bushuev is the ideological inspirer and one of the founders, as well as a member of the editorial board of the scientific journal "Environment and Energy Science", the journal "Energy Policy" and a number of other Russian scientific publications.

The set of credit goods and services is changing to meet the demand of users, however, if there is enough information about generation X and Y — the parents of modern «zoomers» («zoomers» are representatives of generation Z) and they have already shown their credit behavior, then generation Z is new customers of banks and there are no exact characteristics of their credit behavior yet.
The aim of the work was to study the behavior of generation Z, in accordance with the theory of U. Strauss and N. Howe, in order to make a forecast of zoomer's credit behavior based on the information received. At the first stage of the study, information about the behavior of generation Z in different spheres of their lives was collected and analyzed, as well as the conditions of the surrounding reality in which they live, and how it affects them. The article reveals that generation Z was born in a relatively quiet period, they grew up simultaneously with the active development of technology and the Internet, so since childhood, speed in everything is important for them. Representatives of the generation like a creative approach to the presentation of information, do not like physical labor and are ready to work remotely or as freelancers. The author of the article separately noted that at a young age, the «zoomers» witnessed global changes in the world: coronavirus, exams in online format, a special military operation, partial mobilization, which affected their expectations of the world. Representatives of Z are ready to raise the global problems of the planet for discussion and present solutions to these problems. In order to determine the attitude of «zoomers» to loans and identify their values, at the second stage of the study, a survey of representatives of generation Z «Credit behavior of Yaroslavl residents» was conducted (August — September 2023). Yaroslavl, the sample is spontaneous (N = 570), the age of respondents is from 17 to 22 years, of which 47 % are men and 53 % are women. Among the respondents, 87 % receive higher education, 5 % receive secondary vocational education, 8 % receive secondary general education.
Method of collecting information: oral survey and on-line questionnaire. As a result of the study of the generation of «zoomers», the author of the article revealed that education will be important for them in order to keep up with the realities of the time and possess key, in-demand competencies. Generation Z is ready to take out a loan on a smartphone to always stay in touch with the outside world. A personal car, as the third purchase in the popularity rating of «zoomers», must necessarily reflect their individuality and be eco-friendly. This generation will open up new approaches to the consumption of goods, the attitude to the disposal of funds and their accumulation.

Автор преследовала цель выявить особенности образа Наполеоновской эпохи в искусстве современной Франции. Используя методологию "культурной памяти", автор проанализировала образ французского императора в художественной литературе, рекламе, кино, компьютерных играх. ; The author pursued the aim - to reveal features of an image of the Napoleonic era in art and multimedia space of France. Using methodology of "communicative memory", the author analysed an image of the French emperor in fiction, advertizing, cinema, computer games.

The article analyzes the concept of gross negligence in the occurrence of an insured event and its legal significance for liability insurance. The broad interpretation of gross negligence in judicial practice leads to an increase in the number of cases of refusal to pay insurance compensation. For this reason, customs representatives and other professional participants in the turnover cannot use insurance protection in situations for which such protection is provided. Using the examples of judicial practice, the author substantiates the need to analyze all elements of the insured event as a whole, and not only the behavior of the party preceding this case, when determining gross negligence. In addition, in the article the author touches upon the currently relevant issue of the admissibility of providing in the contract the possibility of releasing the insurer from the payment of compensation. The author comes to the conclusion that the rules regarding gross negligence in the occurrence of an insured event should be considered imperative, because this form of guilt does not exclude the randomness characteristic of insurance relations. According to the author, the rules of Article 959 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation allow to protect the interests of the insurer in connection with the increased risk of an insured event due to gross negligence.