Suchergebnisse

The article discusses a successful rearrangement of the economy which was carried out in German FederalRepublic. It's "godfather" became Professor Liudwig Erhard whose personality combined whose theoretical knowledgeand an experience of a head leader of economy. Drastic reforms were performed on his initiative and underhis command. Thanks to these reforms defeated, ruined and disgraced during 10 postwar years Germany threw outideological stereotypes and all schemes of planned economy into the dump of history. Besides that it presented tothe world "an economic miracle" which made Germany a prosperous and powerful state.Socially orientated conception of market economy, always showing its best result during a short period of time,was raised into the rank of official GFR doctrine and become the basis of economic programmer or ChristianDemocrats Alliance.The article tells about the neoliberalism credo's founder – Freiburg's School.Particular attention is paid to Professor Walter Eucken and his social notions. Besides that it discusses thetransformational problem of classical liberalism and shows social guides produced by Erhard.The article pays attention to the role of the state in the terms of social market economy. It discusses the threatsof father state.The article presents Erhard's conception of "formed community" and discusses it's parallels with the opencommunity and legal state.

Seit den 1990er Jahren stossen viele der 2'842 Schweizer Gemeinden, bei der Erfüllung ihrer Aufgaben anLeistungsgrenzen. Als Antwort auf dieses Problem sind im Alpenland mit 7 Millionen Einwohnern durch dieGemeinden unterschiedliche Reformen eingeleitet worden. Der Beitrag fokussiert auf die interkommunaleZusammenarbeit (IKZ) und Gemeindezusammenschlüsse, welche in der Schweiz zu den am Häufigsten verbreitetenReformen gehören. Eine postalische Befragung aller Schweizer Gemeinden und 13 Fallstudien zeigen, dassGemeindezusammenschlüsse tendenziell in leistungsschwachen und in kleinen Gemeinden durchgeführt werden.IKZ ist hingegen bei allen Gemeindetypen verbreitet. Reformwillige Behörden, intensive soziale Kontakte zwischenden Einwohnern der Gemeinden, eine günstige topografische Lage und die Politik der übergeordneten Staatsebenenfördern die Reformfreudigkeit. Nach Zusammenschlüssen und Kooperationen steigt in der Regel dieDienstleistungsqualität. Hingegen findet nur selten eine Entlastung des Gemeindehaushaltes statt. Obwohl dieGemeinen in der Schweiz um einiges kleiner sind als in Litauen, lassen sich auch für den baltischen StaatSchlussfolgerungen ziehen

The Internet intelligence of the Lithuanian government and governmental information accessibility to the wider public are analysed and comparedwith the situation in the EU countries. Based around a standard for EU countries questionnaire, the different Internet activities of the Seimas, thePresident office and Lithuanian ministries are investigated and compared with findings of West European countries. The findings show, that the Seimasand the President office closely approach EU countries average level according to Internet intelligence. The analysis shows however most of Lithuanianministries poorly use Internet feedback from society.

The article covers the project management problems, which will be especially important for the Lithuanianpublic sector after joining the European Union and trying to use the Structural and Cohesion funds investmentssuccessfully. The article provides management principles of Structural and Cohesion funds, typical programmerstructure in national and regional levels, the features of preparation and implementation of programmers and projects.It is necessary to provide more intensive training on project management for all levels of Lithuanian publicadministration.

[First paragraph of Introduction]: In this paper, we investigate the evolving relationship between government and voluntary organizations in Ontario that is occurring in the wake of a prolonged period of funding cuts. The cuts are a manifestation of a major philosophical shift in government-third sector relations. We have already examined the impact of this shift on voluntary organizations in several papers (Foster and Meinhard, 2002; Meinhard and Foster, 2003a & b). We now turn our attention to the government sector and its vision for the future. Keywords: CVSS, Centre for Voluntary Sector Studies, Working Paper Series,TRSM, Ted Rogers School of Management Citation: ; Meinhard, A. G., Foster, M., Berger, I., and Moher, L. (2003). The Evolving Relationship Between Government and the Voluntary Sector in Ontario. (Working Paper Series Volume 2003(2)). Toronto : Ted Rogers School of Management, Centre for Volunteer Sector Studies, Ryerson University.

The main problems and priorities of regional social and economic development in Lithuania and other East –and Central European countries are described in the article. Innovation activities as the most important direction ofregional development are analyzed too.The main priorities of regional development oriented policy are characterized as follows:• specialization of regional social, economic and technological development,• establishing and modernization of the networks and infrastructure of industrial enterpises and industrialknots, multiindustrial clusters, social oriented groups of factories as well as innovation centres, businessincubators, science and technologies parks, investment and regional economic development agencies,• interregional and international cooperation with different regional economic and innovation systems, especiallyin EU.Idea of "oazis" policy in the regional development.Possibilities and necessity to prepare and realize regional development oriented national innovation policy aredescribed in the article as well.

One of today major problems of public administration – defense system of the state and planning of herstrategy. Sucha situation is, because too small attention was paid for it in literature of public administration, like aspecific problem that belong to sector of public administration. This problem often is solved only in military aspect,and is hold as a part of military defense system. There are not enough competitive specialist and experts who wouldunderstand sucha problem and would take part solving it as well.It is very important to understand, that defense system is systematic objekt and all problematic should betaken as a whole system that integrate and accumulate different, even opposite elements. Spectrum of methods isvery wide, and amount is very large, and for realization well-organized and effective management should be involved.Effectiveness of defense system depends on ability to use all possible resources that are in the state. That is whydefense system and control of he implementation should belong to public administration.

The present state of university and professionaleducation in Lithuania and major problems of its developmentare outlined. The possibilities of upgradinguniversity and professional studies are evaluated,taking into account the processes associated withthe integration of Lithuania into the European Union.In addition, the prospects of education developmentare analyzed in the context of transitions characteristicof the states of Central and Eastern Europe.

The aims of this article are to describe the fundamental connection between State government, counties andmunicipalities and to expose peculiarities of interaction of State government subjects and Local Self-governmentinstitutions. The survey method is grounded on the systemic research and analysis of the Lithuanian legal acts: Lawon the Local Self-government, Law on the Governing of the County and Law on the Regional Development. Themain conclusions of the article are following: a) the objects, functions and responsibility of Regional institutions andCounties are separated by legal acts, but in fact Regional institutions and Counties are indivisible unit; b) in realitymunicipalities become subordinate to the State government and restraint from Self-government institutions appreciableby limited liberty of decision making and finance resources, and intensive state inspection of procedures; c)there is not fully realized principle of decentralization. In the future State government system and Local Self-governmentreforms could take the way of self-governmental regions making and the power, functions and decisionmaking competence of municipalities could be extended.

The article defines and discusses the New Public Management as well as indicates its need for public administrationand local government. The first part discloses the concept of the New Public Management and presents its"ideal model". The second part analyses the examples of implementing the New Public Management in some countriesof the European Union – the Great Britain, the Netherlands, and Germany. The third part evaluates the signs,juxtaposes and perspectives of the New Public Management in Lithuania.

In 2004, Europe will undergo a significant historicalchange in 2004. Several of the former communistcountries of Central and Eastern Europe willjoin the European Union (EU) in creating an unprecedentedvoluntary association of democratic stateswith market economies. Thus, the whole structureof political, economic and social relations in the regionwill change. What will be the impact of thischange be toon public policy and administration inthe countries inside and outside the EU borders?What actions will be needed to harmonize the waypublic interests are followed on the whole continent?

In order to contribute to the effectiveness ofpublic and private organizations, in the last twentyyears organizational climate has been analyzed frommany points of view, as of public administration togroup psychology. While some authors have alreadyidentified the importance of organizational climate(Williamson, 1997; Guldenmund, 2000) on organizationalefficacy issues, many investigators state thatthe relationship between the two has been insufficientlyexplored (Silva, 2003). Organizational climateperceptions in bureaucratic organizations place somedoubts for the researchers thus far (Meyer, 2003). Asin the twenty-first century public sector organizationsexperience the tensions that arise between the demandsof government, business, and civil society, thesurveys on different aspects of organizational climateand effectiveness continue to be important up to now.In addition, the relationship between organizationalclimate and effectiveness in public sector of EastEuropean countries has mainly been a theoreticalproposition. Therefore, the main purpose of this researchwas to evaluate the relationship between organizationalclimate and effectiveness in Lithuanian Government which is one of the principal public organizationsthat serve in public interest for Lithuaniansociety.

The civil service in postcommunist Lithuania has been created, legally regulated and developed during the last decade of the twentieth century. The employees working there had to be radically trained at least for two reasons: the needs came from the dinamically developed system and the next package of needs indicated Lithua- nia's attempts for integration with the European Union. The article deals with training development for governmental employees, which is gradually becoming syste- matic and innovative. Lately there has been the training strategy of governmental employees approved. We discuss the possibility to apply the standart of learning organization in public sector. Some problems are to be solved to start to realise the training strategy: the learning has to be systematized, i.e. every civic servant has to be involved in a learning process; the forms of the trainings have to be diversified, the motivation to seek efficiency as well as needs assessment have to be improved. We analize some aspects of financing trainings in different governmental bodies and make conclusion, that there are remarkable differences between them. The need to create the national integra- ted information system of training is stated.

Public policy is a process about selecting strategies and making choices. Public policy making include some steps –getting of agenda, policy formulation, policy adoptions, policy implementation. It must be also evaluated to see theintended results, to revise existing and future public programs and projects. Public policy can be studied as producing threetypes of policies (distributive, regulatory and re-distributive) related with decision making process. Public administration isthe set of processes, structures, functions, methods and procedures. Public administration is the formulation andparticularly implementation of public policy and the examination of the strategies and choices associated with that process.Public administration also can be defined as public programs and projects, profession and as academic field of study.There is no clear separation between administration and politics in the development of government policy and publicadministration. Administrators engage in political acts by recommending legislation as much as by making policydecisions in carrying out the laws. The administrators understanding of managerial issues and policies places them in aposition of substantial expertise, while their knowledge of administrative and legal procedures helps them by suggestingways of managing and enforcing the laws. The most modern forms of governance, administrative innovations allow us toassume that legislative and implementing contents of institutional activity today acquires new specific features. Executivebureaucratic structures using expert-consultation services, get more and more possibilities to really influence not only theimplementation of policy and the estimation of activities, but also to directly influence the preparation of public sectordirections and strategy.

This article examines peculiarities of the development and implementation of environmental protection programmes,taking in account the hierarchy of the programmes as well as the impacts of state regulation in this area.The rationale of applying classic public administration and the new public administration models to the implementationof these programmes is analysed from the position of technical learning, conceptual learning and social learning.The case of Lithuania demonstrates that both at a central and local government levels traditional publicadministration methods are predominant. However central government usually operates at a technical and conceptuallearning levels, while local governments show conceptual and social learning aspects in environmental protection.The latter creates the necessary pre–conditions for the application of the new public administration methods.