Suchergebnisse

Das breite Spektrum an unterschiedlichen Religionen in Österreich hat dafür gesorgt, dass der Schrei nach einem konfessionslosen Ethikunterricht an Schulen immer lauter wurde. Mit dem Schuljahr 2021/22 wird dieser Forderung Rechnung getragen und ein verpflichtender Ethikunterricht für all jene eingeführt, die sich aus den verschiedensten Gründen vom Religionsunterricht abmelden. Die Frage mit der sich diese Diplomarbeit beschäftigt lautet daher, ob Ethik gleichsam, wie der Religionsunterricht unter die Religionsfreiheit von Kindern subsumiert werden kann und ob konfessionslosen SchülerInnen der gleiche Schutz garantiert wird. Der Anfang dieser Arbeit fokussiert auf die gesetzlichen Ausgestaltungen des Grundrechts der Religionsfreiheit und klärt, ob dessen Anwendungsbereich ebenso für Kindern eröffnet ist. Zusätzlich wird herausgearbeitet, ob und wann das Kind selbst über seine Religiosität und andere religiöse Fragen entscheiden kann/darf bzw. wann dem elterlichen Erziehungsrecht Vorrang eingeräumt wird. Zur Untermauerung dieser Ausführungen wurden ausgewählte Urteile des Europäischen Gerichtshofs für Menschenrechte (EGMR) in die Arbeit eingebunden. Besonderes Augenmerk liegt weiters auf dem Bildungsbegriff und den Werten und Zielen die von österreichischen Schulen gefordert werden. Ferner wird beurteilt, ob der neue Ethikunterricht, der bis dato bereits als Schulversuch existiert, einen Ersatz oder eine Alternative zum klassischen konfessionsgebunden Religionsunterricht darstellt. Anschließend folgt ein Interview mit einer pensionierten Ethiklehrerin. Aufbauend auf den bereits gewonnen Erkenntnissen wird der Implementierung des neuen Gesetzes zum verpflichtenden Ethikunterricht anhand der Regierungsvorlage und den Erläuterungen nachgegangen. ; The broad range of different religions in Austria has ensured that the call for non-denominational ethics classes in schools has become louder and louder. For the start of the school year 2021/22 this requirement will be taken into account and compulsory ethics classes will be introduced for all those who withdraw from religion classes for various reasons. The matter this diploma thesis deals with therefore is whether ethics, as well as religion classes, can be subsumed under the religious freedom of children and whether non-denominational students are guaranteed the same level of protection. The beginning of the thesis focuses on the legal formulations of the fundamental right to religious freedom and clarifies whether its scope is established for children as well. In addition it will be carved out whether and when a child can/may decide for themself concerning its religion and other religious issues or when the parental education is given priority. To support these positions selected judgements of the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) were incorporated into the thesis. Furthermore a specific focus is set on the educational concept and values and aims that are required of Austrian schools. An evaluation is also made of whether the new ethics classes, which have already existed as school pilots, are a substitute or an alternative to the classical denominational religion classes. This is followed by an interview with a retired ethics teacher. On the basis of the knowledge already gained, the attention will be given to the implementation of the recent law to the compulsory ethics classes with the aid of the government bill and its clarifications. ; Arbeit an der Bibliothek noch nicht eingelangt - Daten nicht geprüft ; Abweichender Titel laut Übersetzung des Verfassers/der Verfasserin ; Diplomarbeit Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz 2021

The article confronts postcolonial criticism with postcritique, a proposal by Rita Felski for a hermeneutic strategy aiming to overcome the limits of critique. Because of its self-reflexivity, its liaison with poststructuralism, and the societal categories it mobilizes, postcritics often see postcolonial criticism as a quintessential example of critique. However, postcolonial authors share similar concerns as postcritics, particularly when warning against any hasty conflation between intellectual work and political commitment. This article argues that the postcritical understanding of critique eschews the connection between critique and the realm of culture, thereby running the risk of doing away with context altogether. In order to account for the frameworks or contexts in which cultural objects are produced, without falling into some of the pitfalls of critique that postcritique aims to counter, the article proposes to look at the figure of the author as a bridge between the individual and the collective, as Edward Said suggests. The article closes with an analysis of several (critical and postcritical) readings of J. M. Coetzee's The Childhood of Jesus to provide an example of how authorship can enter the interpretive scene through the figure of 'late style'.

Hand Arrest Operations carried out by the Indonesian Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) to Governor of Riau Province, Annas Maamun, drew much attention. The case originated from the conversion of some parts of protected forest to become a non-forest area in Indragiri Hulu District. This research attempts to understand the involvement of various actors in the corruption case of the Governor through Forestry Service of Riau Province; and secondly, to understand corruption networks within the Forestry Service based on Supreme Court verdict No. 22/TIPIKOR/2015/PT.BDG. The findings show that the actors in the corruption case involved Annas Maamun as Governor, Zulkifli Hasan as Minister of Forestry 2019-2004, and other government institutions in the Riau Province. From corporations, Manurung and Edison Siahaan had been involved as company owners who urged the Governor to facilitate forest conversion. From a presumed independent actor's side, Koran Riau (a newspaper) played role to minimize or "neutralize" news on such corruption case. In addition, interaction among the actors had a certain pattern, with the modus operandi of the corruption having included gratification, bribery, fraud, and abuse of power. ; Hand Arrest Operations carried out by the Indonesian Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) to Governor of Riau Province, Annas Maamun, drew much attention. The case originated from the conversion of some parts of protected forest to become a non-forest area in Indragiri Hulu District. This research attempts to understand the involvement of various actors in the corruption case of the Governor through Forestry Service of Riau Province; and secondly, to understand corruption networks within the Forestry Service based on Supreme Court verdict No. 22/TIPIKOR/2015/PT.BDG. The findings show that the actors in the corruption case involved Annas Maamun as Governor, Zulkifli Hasan as Minister of Forestry 2019-2004, and other government institutions in the Riau Province. From corporations, Manurung and Edison Siahaan ...

The article confronts postcolonial criticism with postcritique, a proposal by Rita Felski for a hermeneutic strategy aiming to overcome the limits of critique. Because of its self-reflexivity, its liaison with poststructuralism, and the societal categories it mobilizes, postcritics often see postcolonial criticism as a quintessential example of critique. However, postcolonial authors share similar concerns as postcritics, particularly when warning against any hasty conflation between intellectual work and political commitment. This article argues that the postcritical understanding of critique eschews the connection between critique and the realm of culture, thereby running the risk of doing away with context altogether. In order to account for the frameworks or contexts in which cultural objects are produced, without falling into some of the pitfalls of critique that postcritique aims to counter, the article proposes to look at the figure of the author as a bridge between the individual and the collective, as Edward Said suggests. The article closes with an analysis of several (critical and postcritical) readings of J. M. Coetzee's The Childhood of Jesus to provide an example of how authorship can enter the interpretive scene through the figure of 'late style'.

The article confronts postcolonial criticism with postcritique, a proposal by Rita Felski for a hermeneutic strategy aiming to overcome the limits of critique. Because of its self-reflexivity, its liaison with poststructuralism, and the societal categories it mobilizes, postcritics often see postcolonial criticism as a quintessential example of critique. However, postcolonial authors share similar concerns as postcritics, particularly when warning against any hasty conflation between intellectual work and political commitment. This article argues that the postcritical understanding of critique eschews the connection between critique and the realm of culture, thereby running the risk of doing away with context altogether. In order to account for the frameworks or contexts in which cultural objects are produced, without falling into some of the pitfalls of critique that postcritique aims to counter, the article proposes to look at the figure of the author as a bridge between the individual and the collective, as Edward Said suggests. The article closes with an analysis of several (critical and postcritical) readings of J. M. Coetzee's The Childhood of Jesus to provide an example of how authorship can enter the interpretive scene through the figure of 'late style'.

While the victory of Proposition 22 (Prop 22) in the November 3rd, 2020 California State election came as a shock to many observers, Transportation Network Companies (TNCs) such as Uber and Lyft, the architects and beneficiaries of the ballot measure, have a long track record of subverting regulatory attempts. From this historical perspective, the novelty of Prop 22 is not related to the means employed in its victory, but in the sheer scale of effort involved. In other words, Prop 22 represents an escalation of a familiar framework of regulatory subversion by the TNCs, whose success at the ballot box may turn the initiative campaign into something of a model for their contemporaries looking to skirt burdensome regulation or trim labor costs and benefits. From this vantage, it is rather easy to draw any number of worthwhile lines of inquiry from Prop 22's victory, but this paper will concern itself primarily with the implications of these proceedings on the future of labor relations in this country. It will strive to address these implications by beginning with an introductory section that will familiarize the reader with a framework for understanding the TNCs history of regulatory subversion. Then it will present a brief outline of the relevant case and legislative history that led the TNCs to pursue Prop 22 in California. From there, it will take a step back and discuss what Prop 22 does and, by extension, why it is so crucial for the TNC business model. It will then turn its attention to the pro-Prop 22 campaign and how it used in-app "clicktivism", political contributions, misinformation, and superficial racial politics to mobilize the California electorate. Finally, the paper will close with a section dedicated to parsing the implications of Prop 22's passage, especially as they relate to the future of labor relations in this country.

This article examines the attempts at legislation in Ireland made by an elected assembly known as 'Dáil Éireann' in the revolutionary years between 1919 and 1922. These attempts at legislation, popularly known as 'Dáil decrees', have not been published or used as sources of law since the foundation of the Irish state on 6 December 1922. This analysis builds on a pioneering article on this subject published in 1975 by Brian Farrell and attempts to provide additional information on the final fate of the Dáil decrees. The conclusion argues that the fate of this legislation was not, as has been suggested, dictated by divisions created by the Irish civil war of 1922–23. Instead, this analysis concludes that the Dáil decrees faced insuperable practical barriers that could not be overcome after the foundation of the state in 1922. ; 24 month embargo - ROR

Dal 22 al 24 settembre 2021 si è svolto a Napoli, presso la prestigiosa cornice di Castel dell'Ovo, il III Simposio scientifico internazionale organizzato dalla divisione Ellenico-romana del gruppo di esperti in toponomastica delle Nazioni Unite in collaborazione con l'Istituto Geografico Militare e con il Consiglio Regionale della Campania – Direzione Generale per il Governo del Territorio. I lavori sono constati in oltre 25 relazioni tenute da studiosi provenienti da tutto il mondo e in una mostra cartografica dal titolo Naples, land and sea. From ancient to contemporary toponymy, rimasta aperta per tutta la durata del Simposio.

The purpose of this community service activity is to assist in the study of the revision of the text of the Minister of Communication and Informatics Regulation regarding the implementation of Universal Postal Services in accordance with the Act. In addition to these objectives, it also includes a draft regulatory text that includes the following criteria: mechanism, program planning, monitoring, supervision, verification and evaluation so as to create an accountable LPU implementation. The method of community service activities is carried out descriptively with a survey approach to several locations for the Universal Postal Service, through several stages including: preparation, collection of related data and information, data processing and analysis, preparation of technical recommendations as well as discussions, socialization and recommendations. In the implementation process, activities are carried out starting from collecting field verification data and documents, data processing and analysis, as well as compiling PM LPU revisions. The PKM activities carried out provide benefits in the form of producing a text of the Minister of Communication and Informatics Regulation on the implementation of Universal Postal Services that is in line with the Law. Through the implementation of PKM, it is hoped that the postal administration is in accordance with the expectations and needs of the community, the Government needs to take concrete and quite populist steps to support the postal administration to be carried out properly, effectively, efficiently and accountably, including the need to provide guidance and protection for postal operators, determine requirements strict rules for the feasibility of postal operators, guarantees for the reliability of products and types of postal services, preventing monopolistic practices in postal administration and community participation in postal operations.

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo dar a conocer la biografía y obra literaria de la autora y periodista siria Samar Yazbek (Latakia, 1970). Su obra se compone de textos que pertenecen a distintos géneros literarios y hablan abiertamente de la sociedad siria desde una perspectiva interna y con un enfoque de género. La autora explora en profundidad las creencias y las costumbres de la sociedad siria, tratando explícitamente temas tabúes sociales y políticos, y criticando el poder de la dictadura como mano invisible que impide el progreso de la sociedad. Asimismo, describe la condición de las mujeres a través de una búsqueda continua del significado y del papel que asumen en la sociedad siria contemporánea. Su obra completa es un ejemplo de literatura dirigida hacia el empoderamiento de las mujeres. Esta es la razón por la que enfocamos el estudio de la misma, por un lado, desde la perspectiva ginocrítica, la teoría de crítica literaria feminista propuesta por la estadounidense Elaine Showalter (1979), y por otro lado, desde los estudios de la memoria. A lo largo del análisis se pueden comprobar los diferentes matices y los cambios que han tenido lugar en la escritura de Samar Yazbek antes y después del principio de la Revolución de 2011. ; The aim of this paper is to present the biography and the works of the Syrian author and journalist Samar Yazbek (Lattakia, 1970). Her works belong to different literary genres and openly speak about various aspects of the Syrian society from an inside perspective and with a gender focus. The author explores in depth the beliefs and customs of the Syrian society, explicitly dealing with social and political taboos and criticizing the indissoluble power of the dictatorship, the invisible hand that prevents the progress of society. The writer describes the condition of women through an ongoing search for the meaning and the role of women in contemporary Syrian society. Her entire work is a clear example of women's empowerment-focused literature. It is for this reason that we approach the study of her works on the one hand, from the gynocritics perspective, the feminist theory of literary criticism proposed by the American Elaine Showalter (1979) and on the other hand from the memory studies perspective. Throughout the analysis proposed, it is possible to prove the differences and the changes happened in Samar Yazbek's writing style before and after the beginning of the Revolution in 2011.

Genome size of 18 species of the genus Carduncellus, two species of the related genus Phonus and the monotypic genus Femeniasia (F. balearica) has been assessed by flow cytometry for the first time. Ploidy levels were assigned using genome size data together with previously reported chromosome counts. A phylogenetic framework was built to visualize how cytogenetic traits distributed across taxa. The results confirmed three ploidy levels (2x, 4x and 6x), with a predominance of diploids. The 2C values ranged from 3.24 pg in Carduncellus calvus to 11.16 pg in C. eriocephalus, whereas monoploid genome size (1Cx) ranged from 1.29 pg in C. duvauxii (4x) to 2.30 pg in Phonus rhiphaeus (2x). The mean 1Cx for tetraploids was lower than for diploids. For each ploidy level, genome size values of Carduncellus, Femeniasia and Phonus were found to be higher than those of Carthamus. This result is consistent with a trend frequently observed in plants, of higher genome sizes in long life cycle taxa compared to short-lived relatives. ; El tamaño del genoma de 18 especies del género Carduncellus, dos especies de los géneros relacionados, Phonus y el género monotípico Femeniasia (F. balearica) ha sido medido por primera vez mediante citometría de flujo. Los niveles de ploidía se asignaron utilizando datos de tamaño del genoma junto con los recuentos de cromosomas previamente reportados. Se construyó un marco filogenético para visualizar la distribución de las características citogenéticas de los táxones. Los resultados confirmaron tres niveles de ploidía (2x, 4x y 6x), con un predominio de los táxones diploides. Los valores de 2C oscilaron entre 3,24 pg en Carduncellus calvus y 11,16 pg en C. eriocephalus, mientras que el tamaño del genoma monoploide (1Cx) osciló entre 1,29 pg en C. duvauxii (4x) y 2,30 pg en Phonus rhiphaeus (2x). La media de los valores 1Cx para los tetraploides fue menor que para los diploides. Los valores de tamaño del genoma de Carduncellus, Femeniasia y Phonus fueron más elevados que los de Carthamus dentro del mismo nivel de ploidía. Este resultado concuerda con una tendencia frecuentemente observada en plantas en la que los táxones con ciclos de vida largos presentan tamaños del genoma más elevados que los táxones relacionados que poseen ciclos de vida cortos. ; This work has been supported by projects from the Spanish Government [(CGL2016-75694-P (AEI/FEDER, UE)] and the Generalitat de Catalunya (2017SGR1116). SG is the holder of a Ramón y Cajal contract (RYC-2014-16608) ; INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS Plant material DNA content assessment Phylogenetic framework Statistical analyses RESULTS AND DISCUSSION CONCLUSIONS

The influence of extracurricular activities on character building of students at SMPN 22 Makassar. This study aims to determine the effect of extracurricular activities on the formation of student characters at SMPN 22 Makassar. This research is a quantitative study with a population of 505 students. The sample used in this study was 15 percent or 71 students. Data collection techniques used were questionnaire techniques (questionnaire), interviews, and documentation. The data analysis technique used is descriptive statistical analysis and inferential statistical analysis. The results showed that the extracurricular activities of the students at SMPN 22 Makassar were in the quite good category with a percentage level of 56.88 percent which was seen from the indicators of krida and training/talent/achievement indicators and for the character of the students in the good category with a percentage level of 78.38 percent which was reviewed from indicators of a religious character, discipline, hard work, creative, independent, democratic and responsible. Based on the product-moment correlation analysis, it was stated that there was a relationship between extracurricular activities and the character-building of students in the medium category. The results of the simple regression analysis show that there is a positive and significant effect of extracurricular activities on the character building of students of SMP Negeri 22 Makassar

Background: The mortality rate for COVID-19 in Indonesia is 8.9%, this figure is the highest in Southeast Asia. The Makassar city government issued a policy on the implementation of large-scale social restrictions through Makassar Mayor Regulation number 22 of 2020 concerning the Implementation of Scaled Social Restrictions Big in Makassar City, South Sulawesi Province, this policy is an effort to respond to COVID 19 by the Makassar city-regional government. Method: This research method is qualitative. Data collection using observation and in-depth interviews (in-depth interviews) to evaluate Makassar Mayor Regulation number 22 of 2020 concerning the Implementation of Large-Scale Social Restrictions in Makassar City. Results: The results of this study explain the inputs, processes, and outputs of the Perwali Policy no.22 of 2020, which includes human resources determined by decree, creation of border posts, activity restrictions, policy funding from the APBD, policy implementation, policy effectiveness and efficiency, successful implementation. policies and reducing the number of Covid-19 cases. Conclusion: The existence of guardian policy no.22 of 2020 in the city of Makassar continues to reap the pros and cons of several circles, on the one hand, many people have expressed an attitude to encourage the implementation of PSBB where it can break the chain of transmission from Covid-19.

The General Guidelines for Assistance for the Regional Basic Food Program for the City of Padang are regulated in the Mayor of Padang Regulation Number 22 of 2020 concerning Guidelines for the Implementation of the Regional Basic Food Program. Problem formulation: 1) Implementation of the Padang Mayor Regulation. 2) Obstacles Faced by the Padang City Government in the Implementation of the Padang Mayor Regulation. 3) Efforts made by the Padang City Government in Overcoming Obstacles to the Implementation of the Padang Mayor Regulation. This type of sociological legal research, data sources are primary data and secondary data. Interview data collection techniques and document studies. The results of the study: 1) Basic food assistance was given until the end of the year but in the field it was only up to 3 months. 2) Double data that makes the recipient get assistance 2 times. 3) The Padang City Government is planning, making regulations, determining the number of beneficiaries.

This study aims to revisit and analyze George Bush's Middle East Peace initiative of 1991 and the lessons that could be learned after 22 years of its initiation. This paper argues that since Bush's Middle East peace initiative of 1991 was successful in the sense that it generated a comprehensive peace process between concerned Arab parties and Israel for the first time, many lessons would be learned. Chief among them is the importance and the necessity of active American involvement, the importance of inclusiveness, significance of the pre-negotiation stage, the importance of timing and the regional and international context as well as the importance of motives and willingness. The major bulk of this study is a discussion to Bush's peace proposal of 1991, motives of the concerned parties to accept such initiative as well as key conditions behind the success of this peace initiative. To achieve such end this paper has employed a case study approach that would analyze primary and secondary literature on this subject matter so to understand different variables and dynamics that influenced this initiative. This paper concludes that since Bush's Middle East peace initiative of 1991 was successful, many lessons would be learned such as: the importance and the necessity of active American involvement, the importance of inclusiveness, significance of the pre-negotiation stage, the importance of timing and the regional and international context as well as the importance of motives and willingness.