Suchergebnisse

The article reviews pragmatic, conservative, radical, idealistic, neutral, critical, and vulgar-managerial worldview approaches to the interpretation of public relations' social role in a society wide-familiar within the theory and practice of Western countries. Sharing the American scholar James Grunig's and his colleagues' point of view on the normative theory of ethical PR, the author shows that only in case of the practical application of symmetrical (ideal) model of communication between organizations and publics, the social institute of public relations may overcome an utilitarian approach to ethics and become more effective and socially responsible. The author comes to the conclusion that application of such a symmetrical model of public relations in Ukraine will promote the democratic development and creation of a civil society in this country.

The article deals with the demographic situation in Ukraine at the close of 20th century. Changes in population size and proportions of its forming sources after the last All-Soviet Union general census of the population (1989) are the focus of attention in the article. The author investigates the main features of fertility, mortality, marriages, divorces and demographic development of Ukrainian family for this period of time. There was also examined the contribution of natural increase/decrease of population and its net-migration to the process of depopulation and deepening of the demographic crisis in the country. The author remarked the tendency to growth of the indices of demographic loading per 1000 midyear population of working age and transformations in its structure. There was predicted the further aging of population and lessening of its labour potential in the nearest future. There are no reasons to expect any swift positive changes in the demographic situation now. The demographic crisis is deepening.

This article is devoted to consideration of the forth-social effects, which resulted the market institutionalization in post-Soviet Ukrainian society. The main effects are the change of the forms of social alienation and the formation of a socioeconomic thresh old of exploitation, as against the organizational-bureaucratic exploitation inherent in the Soviet society, the displayed social cleavage on a line of the social alienation and the socioeconomic exploitation, the active symbolical struggle for legitimization of the specific discourses of the market, and the formation of a class system of the post-Soviet society as a system of the alternative social forces. These effects become the result of an indemnification of those structural— cultural "failures", which were comprised by a so cial system of a Soviet type. The author confirms that the post-socialist transformation has been developed as a spontaneous process of "alignment" of social space, before pulled together to one social pole — "nomenclature" class. Thus the "alignment" is a returning of the social space to a complex, emergence, dynamic balance, which is inherent to the complex social phenomenon. The author considers the market institutionalization as a compensator reaction of a Soviet type of industrial society, which exhausted its internal resources and was compelled to rush in search of other necessary resources of development. It is considered in what way the social cleavage is institutionalizing in the forms of a specific class position and practice.

The article is written in form of pseudo dialogue between sociologist and lawyer. The data of interrogation of Kharkiv region in habitants in few indicators is showed in the article:
1. A part of victimized residents during last 12 months (population's victimization proportion).
2. General quantity of reported crimes during survey.
3. Quantity of police reports.
4. Degree of latency.
The so called "Latency paradox" as a world-view and as a methodological problem is discussed in the article. The author maintains the thought about necessity of developing the domestic sociology of crime in cooperation with other criminal-law disciplines.

"Martina Fischer's article gives an overview of the problems of reconstruction, rehabilitation and (re)integration in war tom societies. In the context of post-war situations reconstruction turns out to be an ambiguous or even contradictory concept: it is considered as useful by some actors and others refuse the notion that society can and should be reconstructed. The author argues that (re)integration of refugees and displaced persons is one of the main challenges and precondition for conflict transformation. Support and intervention from external actors are all too often reduced to material reconstruction of houses and infrastructure whereas the need for rebuilding communities is forgotten. In order to move from reconstruction to constructive conflict transformation and peacebuilding, joint efforts are needed which combine development approaches, economic perspectives and empowerment of local actors for civil society issues, peace-education and social work. In order to make third party intervention effective, co-ordination of activities is needed. Positive and negative lessons can be drawn from the Balkans." (author's abstract).