Suchergebnisse

The main object of this book is a manuscript preserved in Rome but composed in Florence in the middle of the fifteenth century, which transmits a text that is nearly unknown and highly original for at least three reasons. Firstly, the subject matter: a description of the Camaldoli hermitage at a time when this place was highly appreciated. Secondly, the discursive genre: the description of a built landscape, influenced both by humanist ekphrasis and by the tradition of medieval figurative exegesis. Finally, the dedicatee of the work, who is no less than Peter son of Cosimo dei Medici. The book successively examines the medieval and modern tradition of this little work, the identity of its author and the milieu of its production and first reception, and finally the details – some of them completely new – of the description of the Camaldolese hermitage and their textual and figurative tradition. It concludes with a critical edition of the work and the glosses with which it was enhanced in modern times. It is therefore a contribution not only to the history of an important Tuscan monastic centre, but also to that of the cultural and political networks of Tuscany in the second half of the fifteenth century, as well as to the knowledge of the textual and iconographic genres of landscape and monumental description, and finally, in a certain way, of modern Tuscan scholarship.

Loin d'être limitée aux barbelés des camps ou aux frontières d'un seul pays, la détention des militaires allemands demeure un aspect méconnu dans le contexte particulier des relations triangulaires entre Ottawa, Washington et Londres. Comment traiter les « soldats d'Hitler » ? explore donc la dynamique politique établie entre les autorités canadiennes, américaines et britanniques à l'égard du traitement des prisonniers de guerre allemands. Au cours de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, ces forces alliées détiennent quelque 600 000 « soldats d'Hitler » sur leur territoire respectif. Bien que gérées par chaque État, ces opérations d'incarcération soulèvent plusieurs enjeux associés à la coopération interalliée. Cette analyse détaillée compare le régime de captivité développé par chaque gouvernement selon ses prérogatives nationales et fait état d'importantes divergences entre les trois Alliés de l'Atlantique Nord dans la prise en charge de ces soldats ennemis. Jean-Michel Turcotte fait le bilan des politiques respectives et communes de ces autorités qui résultent de la participation à des projets conjoints, de rencontres périodiques visant à mieux coordonner leurs actions, de la consultation et de la correspondance les uns avec les autres, des échanges sur les problèmes liés à la détention de guerre et aux solutions apportées. Il présente également le positionnement des États concernant la Convention de Genève de 1929, la mise au travail des détenus et le programme de dénazification. Les conditions de la captivité des soldats allemands sont donc le résultat d'une influence mutuelle, entre les trois principales puissances détentrices sur le front Ouest, issue de l'expérience de chacun. Suivant cet argument, l'auteur met en lumière le rôle déterminant qu'occupe le Canada au sein des Alliés à cette époque. ; Far from being restricted to barbed wire camps or within the borders of a single nation, the detention of German soldiers remains a little-known part of history in the specific context of the triangular relationships between Ottawa, Washington, D.C., and London. It is from this perspective that the book Comment traiter les « soldats d'Hitler ? » (How to Treat "Hitler's Soldiers"?) explores the political dynamics between Canadian, American, and British authorities regarding the treatment of German prisoners of war. Throughout the Second World War, these Allied forces detained close to 600,000 of "Hitler's soldiers" on their respective territories. While managed by each state, these incarceration operations raise several issues involving interallied cooperation. This detailed analysis compares the captivity regimes developed by each government according to their national prerogatives and looks at important differences in how the three North Atlantic Allies dealt with enemy soldiers. Turcotte takes stock of the countries' common and respective policies, which stemmed from participation in joint projects, regular meetings looking to better coordinate their actions, consultations and correspondence between them, as well as discussions on problems tied to the detention of prisoners of war and the solutions put forth. It also presents each state's position on the 1929 Geneva Convention, the forced labour of detainees, and the denazification program. The conditions of captivity for German soldiers were therefore the result of mutual influence between the three main detaining powers of the Western Front, which was shaped by each of their experience. Following this argument, the author brings to light the key role Canada played within the Allied forces at the time. Published in French.