Suchergebnisse

Resumen: Este proyecto analiza la campaña publicitaria #YoNoMeQuito, lanzada en 2016 por la compañía automotriz puertorriqueña Bella Group, como un punto de articulación de identidad nacional puertorriqueña dentro del contexto de una crisis económica y fiscal bajo el neoliberalismo. Después de que el gobernador Alejandro García Padilla anunciara que la deuda de Puerto Rico era impagable, un ambiente de incertidumbre plagó la sociedad puertorriqueña. A pesar de que las palabras del gobernador parecían abstractas, los puertorriqueños ya atestiguaban los crecientes costos de vida, el deterioro de las infraestructuras públicas, los esfuerzos de privatización, el alza en criminalidad, la falta de oportunidades profesionales, y el incremento en la migración. Ante un futuro incierto para los habitantes de Puerto Rico, campañas como #YoNoMeQuito buscaban ofrecer una seguridad ontológica nacionalista basada en discursos de libertad individual, productividad y resiliencia. En este artículo, el autor realiza un análisis discursivo de la campaña #YoNoMeQuito que contextualiza la formación discursiva dentro de los procesos históricos y decisiones que llevaron a la crisis económica y fiscal de Puerto Rico. Luego de contextualizar los procesos históricos que contribuyeron a las condiciones materiales de la crisis, el artículo analiza como #YoNoMeQuito construye una identidad nacional basada en soportar las realidades socioeconómicas del territorio. Abstract: This essay analyzes the 2016 ad campaign #YoNoMeQuito, organized by the Puerto Rico-based automotive dealer Bella Group as an articulation of Puerto Rican cultural nationalism within the context of an economic and fiscal crisis shaped by neoliberalism. After Governor Alejandro García Padilla announced in 2015 that Puerto Rico's public debt was unpayable, uncertainty plagued Puerto Rican society. Although the words of the governor seemed abstract, Puerto Ricans were already witnessing increasing cost of living, deteriorating public infrastructure, privatization efforts, a surge in criminality, a lack of professional opportunities, and soaring migration. As Puerto Ricans confronted an uncertain future, campaigns such as #YoNoMeQuito sought to provide nationalist ontological security to individuals through messages based on individual freedom, productivity, and resilience. In this article, the author conducts a discursive analysis of the #YoNoMeQuito campaign that contextualizes the historical processes and decisions that led to Puerto Rico's economic and fiscal crisis. An economic and fiscal crisis is both material and affective. After discussing the historical processes that contributed to the material conditions of the economic crisis, the article analyzes how #YoNoMeQuito constructs a national identity based on enduring the harsh socio-economic realities of the territory. Résumé: Ce projet analyse la campagne publicitaire #YoNoMeQuito, lancée en 2016 par l'entreprise automobile portoricaine Bella Group, comme un point d'articulation de l'identité nationale portoricaine dans le contexte d'une crise économique et fiscale sous le néolibéralisme. Après que le gouverneur Alejandro García Padilla a annoncé que la dette de Porto Rico était irremboursable, une atmosphère d'incertitude a pesé sur la société portoricaine. Bien que les paroles du gouverneur aient semblé abstraites, les Portoricains étaient déjà témoins de l'augmentation du coût de la vie, de la détérioration des infrastructures publiques, des efforts de privatisation, de l'augmentation du nombre de crime, du manque d'opportunités professionnelles et la hausse de l'immigration. Face à un avenir incertain pour les habitants de Porto Rico, des campagnes telles que #YoNoMeQuito ont cherché à offrir une sécurité ontologique nationaliste basée sur des discours de liberté individuelle, de productivité et de résilience. Dans cet article, l'auteur effectue une analyse discursive de la campagne #YoNoMeQuito qui contextualise la formation discursive dans les processus historiques et les décisions qui ont conduit à la crise économique et fiscale de Porto Rico. Après avoir contextualisé les processus historiques qui ont contribué aux conditions matérielles de la crise, l'article analyse comment #YoNoMeQuito construit une identité nationale basée sur le soutien aux réalités socio-économiques du territoire.

The purpose of the article. In recent decades, modern Chinese opera has overcome national limitations and is increasingly attracting interested and appreciative listeners on different continents. Jin Xiang (1935–2015) is one of the modern Chinese composers who made this historical breakthrough with his work. He is the author of nine operas, among which the most famous was created in 1987. Wild Land (原野, there are also other translations of this title: "Plain", "Desert", "Big Field") and "Sunrise" (日出) that was created in the last year of his life. And if a number of researchers have devoted their scientific works to the analysis of the first of them, thanks to a considerable amount of time — thirty-five years since its writing, then the second has not yet been thoroughly studied by Chinese and foreign musicologists. However, the success of its two first nights on the stages of Beijing (2015) and Shanghai (2017) and the artistic resonance of these cultural events certainly make it necessary to carry out a musicological and, more broadly, an art-critical analysis of this composition.
The methodology combines a purely musicological complex (music-theoretical, music-historical and music-performance methods), which contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the specifics of the operas "Sunrise" by Jin Xiang and "La Traviata" by G. Verdi, with the method of comparative analysis, which allows drawing conclusions about the specifics of the literary primary source, and the comparative method necessary to establish the similarities and differences of the storylines in the libretto of the operas "Sunrise" (by Wang Fang, one of Cao Yu's daughters) and "La Traviata" (by Francesco Maria Piave), and the corresponding musical the specifics of the literary primary source, and the comparative method necessary to establish the similarities and differences of the storylines in the lib-retto of the operas "Sunrise" (by Wang Fang, one of Cao Yu's daughters) and "La Traviata" (by Francesco Maria Piave), and the corresponding musical operas by Jin Xiang and G. Verdi.
The results. The analysis of the opera "Sunrise" allows us to state that it organically combines the national Chinese and European principles of music-theatrical drama. The composer's reinterpretation of the Chinese tradition of singing in the part of the main heroine is successfully combined with the use of numerous European features in the parts of other characters, choral episodes, and sometimes also in orchestral accompaniment. All this allows us to emphasize Jin Xiang's successful embodiment of one of the main lines in the works of numerous Chinese composers of the late XX and early XXI centuries: the desire to apply the dialogical principle "East-West", which is realized in a combination of national and Western artists, in particular innovative — from the middle to the end of the XX century — traditions when they create modern bright opus.
The practical significance. Comparison of storylines, dramaturgical decisions and musical characteristics of the main characters, primarily female, of the European opera "La Traviata" and the Chinese "Sunrise" requires a more detailed musical and textual analysis, which can be logically carried out in subsequent publications. This should lead to a deeper understanding and comprehension of the trends that are inherent in this and a number of other bright opera works by Chinese composers of the late XX and early XXI centuries, which present modern Chinese musical culture to the world.

В настоящее время можно с уверенностью говорить о смене вектора парадигмы российского образования в рамках предмета «Иностранный язык». Сегодня китайский язык активно и уверенно завоевывает новые позиции, распространяясь с Востока во все регионы страны. Одним из направлений политики в области образования является формирование межкультурной иноязычной компетентности. В данной статье рассматривается вопрос о формировании межкультурной иноязычной компетентности с учетом психосоматического подхода в обучении тонам китайского языка. Этот подход является обязательным в преподавании тоновых языков, так как задействует новый канал восприятия, которым обычно не пользуются в преподавании европейских языков. Реализация психосоматического подхода может осуществляться как в рамках дисциплины «Практический курс китайского языка», так и вне аудитории. Указанный подход является одним из четырех основных направлений холистического подхода в обучении китайскому языку. В статье представлена авторская модель применения метода ассоциативных легенд в движении для запоминания тонов китайских лексических единиц. Автор также делится опытом проведения зарядки «Цигун» со студентами и сотрудниками вуза, что вносит дополнительный колорит из области культуры страны изучаемого языка в палитру красок урока и выходит за пределы традиционного преподавания дисциплины. Основные положения исследовательской работы могут найти применение как в рамках преподаваемой дисциплины, так и во внеурочных мероприятиях в вузах и школах, в которых затрагиваются вопросы синологии. Проведенная автором работа по применению психосоматических приемов на уроке китайского языка позволяет сделать вывод об эффективности использования движений телом наряду с методом использовании ассоциативных легенд как непосредственно для запоминания тонов китайских слов, так и для общей активации умственной деятельности.
Today we can confidently speak about the change in the paradigm of of Russian education within the scope of the "Foreign Language" subject. The Chinese language is gaining new positions, spreading from the East to all regions of the country. One of the policy directions in the field of education is the formation of intercultural foreign language competence. The study deals with the issue of the formation of intercultural foreign language competence, taking into account the psychosomatic approach in teaching the tones of the Chinese language. This approach is mandatory in the teaching of tone languages, as it involves a new channel of perception, which is usually not used while teaching European languages. The implementation of this approach was carried out within the framework of the discipline "Practical course of the Chinese language", as well as outside the classroom. The psychosomatic approach is one of the four main directions of the holistic approach in teaching Chinese. The article discusses the author's model of applying the method of associative legend in motion to memorize the tones of Chinese lexical units. The author also shares her experience of "Qigong" exercises for students and university staff, which gives an additional color the culture of the country of the studied language into the palette of colors of the lesson, which goes beyond the traditional limits of teaching disciplines. The main conclusions of the research work can be applied both within the framework of the taught discipline and in extracurricular activities of both the university and schools dealing with issues of Sinology. The author's work on the application of psychosomatic techniques in the Chinese language class allows us to conclude about the effectiveness of using body movements along with the method of using associative legends both directly for memorizing the tones of Chinese words and for the general activation of mental activity. Keywords:psychosomatics in learning, meridians, qigong, Chinese language, intercultural foreign language competence, tones in Chinese, holistic approach

The example of Ukraine shows that the indicator of fiscal sustainability s1a for one year can be used to diagnose the current state of the state budget. Six principles of construction of such an indicator are considered, which include: 1) construction of the indicator s1a for the current year; 2) calculation of the value of the indicator s1a for the current year every month, that is, with the frequency with which information on the implementation of the Ukraine's State Budget for the period from the beginning of the current year to the current month of the current year is published; 3) calculation of the indicator s1a based on the planned value of the state debt of Ukraine at the end of the current year, the actual value of the state debt of Ukraine at the end of the previous year, the planned and forecast values for the current year of the rest of its components; 4) the assumption that the planned values of the components of the indicator s1a are those whose values are approved in the regulatory and legal acts of Ukraine for the current year (namely: the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine on approval of the forecast of economic and social development of Ukraine regarding the nominal GDP and the Law of Ukraine on the State Budget of Ukraine for the current year regarding the remaining components) or calculated based on the above mentioned approved values; 5) the assumption that the planned values of components of the indicator s1a for a month of the current year are equal to one twelfth of their planned values for the current year; 6) the assumption that the forecast values of the components of the indicator s1a for the current year are equal to the sum of their actual values for the period from the beginning of the current year to the current month of the current year and their planned values for the current month and the following months of the current year. It is indicated that when constructing the indicator s1a on the specified principles, it can be calculated not only as a fiscal gap of the one-year budget constraint, but also in two alternative ways: by calculating the difference between the actual value of the change in the state debt of Ukraine for the period from the beginning of the current year to the current month of the current year and its planned value for this period, as well as by calculating the difference, taken with the opposite sign, between the actual value of the adjusted balance of the State Budget of Ukraine for the period from the beginning of the current year to the current month of the current year and its planned value for this period. The author reveals the diagnostic capabilities of the indicator s1a namely: the ability to reflect the current state in the state finance sector, as well as in the financial sector in whole, the ability to define the impact of its components on it, the ability to define the impact of amending the Law of Ukraine on the State Budget of Ukraine for the current year and the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine on approval of the forecast of economic and social development of Ukraine on it. It is noted that the use of the indicator s1a will strengthen the validity of decisions on issues of fiscal and debt policy.

The purpose of the study is to determine the socio-psychological factors influencing the effectiveness of social-psychological assistance to the Ukrainian population in wartime conditions and their possible approbation as the use of relevant experience to ensure effective professional training of future psychologists in higher educational institutions. Research tasks: 1) determination of the social and psychological needs of the war-affected population of Ukraine; 2) determination of the level of social and psychological provision of assistance to victims; 3) determination of the conditions and means of ensuring the development of social and psychological assistance to the affected population.
To solve the research task – to determine the level, conditions and means of ensuring the development of socio-psychological assistance to the affected population, the following research methods were used: theoretical analysis, synthesis and applied research using standardized methods.
The state of readiness of Ukrainian psychologists to provide appropriate assistance to the population, development of the necessary psychological and methodological materials was analyzed. The peculiarities of psychological assistance to the injured are highlighted using the example of one of the first psychologists who developed a methodical guide aimed at the psychological and mental rehabilitation of injured Ukrainians. Emphasis is placed on psychological diagnosis and individual and group psychocorrection, psychotherapy (primary psychological assistance to displaced persons, assessment of the severity of the impact of a traumatic event, self-assessment of the level of depression in psychological diagnosis, short psychotherapy in an individual and complex multi-directional approach to getting out of a traumatized state in group work with displaced persons) and the importance of the positive influence on the development of this assistance of the relevant personal and professional qualities and properties of future psychologists.
In order to identify the conditions and means of ensuring the development of socio-psychological assistance to the affected population, a number of methods were used in the study: 1) "Self-esteem" test (by S.A. Budassi); 2) Method "Self-assessment of mental state: well-being, general activity, mood (SAN)" (authors: V.A. Doskin, N.A. Lavrentyeva, V.B. Sharay, M.P. Miroshnikov); 3) "Scale of reactive and personal anxiety" (developed by C.D. Spielberger, adapted by Y.L. Khanin); 4) "Professional identity study methodology (MVPI) (author L.B. Schneider).
178 students of the III-IV courses of the Institute of Pedagogy and Psychology of the National Pedagogical University named after M.P. Drahomanov and 5th courses of the Faculty of Psychology named after T.G. Shevchenko and the Faculty of English of the National Linguistic University.
From the analysis of the conducted methods, it was found that the researched future psychologists, who are oriented to practical activities under the guidance of mentors, have inadequately inflated self-esteem, an average level of cognitive activity, and an average level of anxiety during training, which correlates with an insufficient level of development of their professional self-identity. This indicates an inadequately inflated self-esteem, insufficient self-determination, inadequate self-satisfaction, self-expression, and insufficient self-regulation of the subjects during training.
Therefore, it is necessary to pay special attention to creating conditions, finding means to increase opportunities for future psychologists to achieve a conscious, positive professional identity at the stage of educational and professional training, as this is an important basis for the effective formation of their professional identity in the future, as future reliable qualified specialists, the professional level of which will meet public demands, the needs of psychological assistance to victims of the war in the country.
Keywords: socio-psychological assistance, psychological-methodical support, professional self-identity, personal-professional qualities and attributes, future psychologist

Статья посвящена таким актуальным вопросам этнополитической истории как раскулачивание советских финнов и немцев и депортация по этническому признаку. Благодаря спецпереселенцам власти решили проблему нехватки рабочей силы на стройках первых пятилеток в отдаленных регионах, в том числе и в Мурманской области. Отмечается, что раскулаченные крестьяне составляли самую многочисленную группу спецпереселенцев в районе апатитовых разработок. Решение об отправке семьи на спецпоселение принималось местными органами власти, а решение о депортации целых народов по этническому признаку - верховной властью. В отличие от депортации финнов и немцев в 1940-е гг., процесс раскулачивания проходил по социальному признаку (ликвидация кулачества как класса), а не по этническому. В статье обращается внимание на то, что депортации носили превентивный характер, так как советские финны и немцы были в этническом родстве с народами, ведущими войну против СССР. Также в статье приводятся примеры мобилизации немцев и финнов в трудовую армию. Отмечаются случаи отправки в трудовую армию женщин с немецкой родословной. Депортация советских финнов и немцев по распоряжению властей имела пагубные последствия для сохранности их этносов и национальных культур. В статье рассматриваются этапы депортации в зависимости от места проживания. Основываясь на полученных интервью, автор делает вывод о том, что пребывание на территории Финляндии или Германии в годы войны крайне негативно отразилось на дальнейшей жизни репатриантов. В статье анализируется трансформация этнической самоидентичности под влиянием политики государства в отношении советских финнов и немцев. Основными материалами послужили интервью, полученные у представителей семей с финской и немецкой родословной, а также их семейные архивы.
The article is devoted to such topical issues of ethnopolitical history as dekulakization of Soviet Finns and Germans and deportation on ethnic grounds. With the help of special settlers, the authorities solved the problem of labor shortage at the construction sites of the first five-year plans in remote regions, including Murmansk Oblast. It is noted that the dispossessed peasants constituted the largest group of special settlers in the area of apatite mining. The decision to send a family to special settlement was made by local authorities, and the decision to deport entire nations on ethnic grounds was made by the supreme power. Unlike the deportation of Finns and Germans in the 1940s, the process of dekulakization was performed according to the social criterion (liquidation of the kulaks as a class) rather than ethnic one. The article draws attention to the fact that the deportations were of a preventive nature, since the Soviet Finns and Germans were ethnically related to the nations that were waging war against the USSR. The article also provides examples of mobilization of Germans and Finns into the labor army. The instances of sending women with German ancestry to the Labor Army are pointed out. The deportation of Finns and Germans by order of the authorities had disastrous consequences for the preservation of those ethnic groups and their national culture. The article discusses the stages of deportation depending on the place of residence. Based on the interviews conducted by the author, it can be concluded that staying in Finland or Germany during the war years had an extremely negative impact on the future life of repatriates. The article analyzes the transformation of ethnic self-identity under the influence of state policy towards Soviet Finns and Germans. The main materials were interviews with the representatives of families with Finnish and German ancestry as well as their family archives.

The book "Tuzla Processes: 1970s," by Prof. Dr. Kadrija Hodžić, professor at the Faculty of Economics, University of Tuzla, presents a comprehensive study of the course of political events related to the role of Pašaga Mandžić in the development of Tuzla and the Tuzla region. It is important to keep in mind that Pašaga Mandžić belongs to the leading communist cadres who organized an uprising against the fascist occupation of the country in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1941. As a prominent anti-fascist fighter, Pašaga Mandžić will become the commissioner of the First Partisan Strike Battalion, formed in Srednje near Sarajevo, in March 1942. Together with Avdo Humo, Rodoljub Čolaković and Đuro Pucar - Stari, he participated in the preparations for the First, Second and Third Sessions of ZAVNOBIH. At the Third ZAVNOBIH Session in 1945 in Sarajevo, Pašaga Mandžić was elected a member of the first People's Government of Federal Bosnia and Herzegovina. In the post Second World War period, Pašaga Mandžić performed numerous duties, from the president of the Tuzla District to other duties in the republican bodies of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In the early 1970s, at the invitation of the leadership of the League of Communists of the Municipality of Tuzla, Pašaga Mandžić, as a pensioner, came to Tuzla and with his experience contributed to the economic development of his hometown. After the dismissal of Sead Babović, Secretary of the Municipal Committee of SK Tuzla, Pašaga Mandžić with his views on the development of Tuzla's economy comes into dispute and conflict with the current political leadership of Tuzla. The actual showdown between the leadership of the League of Communists of Tuzla and Pašaga Mandžić took place at the Eighth Session of the OKSK Tuzla in 1971. However, that conflict did not have the character of a political affair. Pašaga Mandžić's deeper conflict with the League of Communists of Bosnia and Herzegovina arose on 26 June 1973, at an extended session of the Central Committee Secretariat, Communist Party of Bosnia and Herzegovina, when Pašaga Mandžić individually raised the question of organizing and leading the uprising in Eastern Bosnia. Pašaga Mandžić 's position was assessed as a form of nationalism dangerous for treating the character of the uprising and the national liberation struggle in Bosnia and Herzegovina. At that time, it was not only the ideological critique of Pašaga Mandžić. Accusations followed against Pašaga Mandžić and a group of people who worked more closely with him in Tuzla than the Central Committee and the State Security Service. The brutal procedure of the State Security Service against the members of the Tuzla group was carried out, and then the court process in Tuzla. There is also a belief that Pašaga Mandžić was protected from prosecution by Josip Broz Tito on the Đuro Pucar's intercession. Author Prof. Dr. Kadrija Hodžić conducts many years of research on Tuzla processes on an interdisciplinary basis. The results of the research shed light on everything that took place in the Tuzla processes of the 1970s. The whole result of the research enables a new social evaluation of the role of Pašaga Mandžić in the national liberation struggle and socio-economic development of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the hometown of Tuzla after the Second World War. In the coming decades, a reliable critical evaluation of the contribution of the research of Prof. Dr. Kadrija Hodžić establishes complete historical truths about a revolutionary figure such as Pašaga Mandžić.

Purpose. The aim of the article is to analyse a national park director's legal position, roles, tasks and legal forms of operations in ensuring the safety of tourists visiting a national park. The objective of this analysis is also to determine whether the legal position, competencies and legal forms of activity at the disposal of the national park director are sufficient to ensure the safety of tourists visiting the national park.

Method. The theoretical nature of this article determines the choice of research methods and their application. A dogmatic method (analytical and dogmatic) involving legal exegesis using linguistic and non-linguistic rules of legal interpretation is the predominant method applied in the article.

Findings. The national park director's legal status (including his/her position in the system of administering entities) is not clearly defined by the legislator and therefore, raises doubts. The legislature has not explicitly included this entity into the local authorities of consolidated and non-consolidated government administration. The legislator defines a national park director as a national park authority and a nature protection authority, directly indicating that this authority performs the tasks of a regional director aimed at nature protection within the national park area. The director of a national park may be classified as an administering entity, or on account of his/her tasks and powers, a public administration authority in a functional sense. However, it is misleading to treat national park directors as public administration authorities sensu stricto, i.e. the authorities who are part of the state machinery (authorities acting directly on behalf of the state or local self-governments), whose basic and, in principle, sole purpose is to perform public administration tasks (e.g. minister, province administrator, commune head). However, some authors consider national park directors to be public administration bodies sensu stricto [Makuch 2020, p. 527]. It has been confirmed in research that there is great diversity concerning tasks, powers and legal forms of operations at the disposal of a national park director, which can be used to ensure the safety of tourists visiting national parks. These are legal and factual activities of regulatory and non-regulatory nature. The tasks and competencies of national park directors include, first of all, protecting national park resources (environmental protection), which is the essence of their existence, and also providing access to national parks so as to ensure the safety of people who visit them.

Research and conclusions limitations. The author focuses on analysis of the national legal framework. The origin of institutions and comparative legal analyses have been omitted.

Practical implications. In the research, the current legal status is shown, and this can be considered the basis for further legislative work.

Originality. To date, research on the national park directors' tasks, roles and legal forms of operation in ensuring the safety of tourists visiting national parks has been very scarce. Most of such issues are raised while discussing wider problems related to nature protection as well as tourism, and are not subject to in-depth examination [Wolski 2010, pp. 75-83]. In this context, it is worth noting that not only the national park directors' tasks and legal forms of activity require detailed analysis and evaluation, but their status in the state system and position in the system of administering entities as well. The current findings in this field are not sufficiently comprehensive and require further clarification.

Type of paper. The article presents some theoretical concepts. It is a general overview article.

The article is devoted to revealing the peculiarities of the texture program performance reproduction of a musical work. Based on the consideration of the textural program as a sequence of changes in the musical performance during the process of developing the form of the work, the performer-pianist must build the appropriate means of performance: artistic and technical ones. An important role here belongs to the author and the editorial remarks, the content of which, however, is quite conditional and requires individual performance correction.
The topicality of the chosen topic lies in the need for in-depth consideration of the problems of musical texture and its attributes in the piano-performance specification.
The purpose of the research is to identify the performance component of the piano work textural program, to propose an algorithm for its analysis on a specific example of B. Liatoshynskyi's cycle.
The methodology: the article uses a set of general scientific and special musicological approaches for developing the content of the stated topic. Among them are the following methods: systematic and structural method, it is aimed at revealing the essence of the phenomenon of the musical work textured program; a deductive method, it determines the course of research in the direction from a general part (textural program of a musical work) to a special (specificity of textural performance during a piano work) and a specific one (textural programs of plays of the cycle by B. Liatoshynskyi); genre and stylistic types of analysis from the point of view of reproduction of these phenomena in textural programs; texture analysis as a kind of musicological analysis; performance analysis, which is aimed at identifying the features of the textural attributes of the work under consideration.
The results of the study show that the process of a piano work performance in the direction of its full interpretation is inseparable from analytical observations on the texture program and its attributes. The set of analytical and performance-technical procedures has as its ultimate goal the act of performing a piano work, in which the composer's intentions are reproduced by means of the individual style of the pianist.
The novelty of this study is the extrapolation of ideas about the piano work textural program on the interpretive activities of the performer. Embodying own understanding of the textural process and its attributes in the interpretation, the performer demonstrates personal version of the work sound image, revealing the means of the drama and composition art features.
The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of using its provisions and conclusions in the courses "Musical Interpretation", "Analysis of Musical Works", "History of Piano Performance", as well as in classes specializing in "piano" for bachelors and masters of the higher educational institutions of art and culture of Ukraine.
Conclusions. Thus, the concept application of the piano work "texture program" in relation to the activities of the performer-interpreter raises a number of issues related to the means of the performance center: dynamics, articulation, agogics, in their vision by the musical composer and directly the performer. In this context, the identification and implementation of the piano work textured program gives the key to the disclosure of its ideological and artistic content, a clear understanding of the drama and form features, implemented in the act of performance.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to discuss the stakeholders of debt settlement programmes in general and some lessons learnt from the most significant debt settlement programmes of recent years in Hungary. The study also presents a planned debt settlement programme in Hungary. The paper explores and details behaviours and motivations of different stakeholders in debt settlement in general and also with reference to a specific case study. As for its main research question, the paper seeks to identify the preconditions of a successful debt settlement programme with specially emphasis on the poor.Design/methodology/approachData from semi-structured in-depth expert interviews, documents and former research papers were collected for identifying previous Hungarian debt settlement programmes and potential lessons learnt. After a general discussion, based on primary and secondary sources, a case study is presented to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of opportunities and challenges of debt settlement.FindingsSix preconditions of successful debt settlement targeting the poor are identified. In the case study, the existence and relevance of these preconditions are tested: the main finding is that they all are important for solving the situations, so a partial solution is not sufficient. In the scope of the case study, more precisely within the planned innovative banking solution, the motivations of the bank and the coordinator NGO are identified. On the part of the bank, motivations for solving social problems (both as far as business and moral issues are concerned) are relevant, while – as for the other party – the situation of the debtor is important to understand so that opportunities of cooperation can be identified. In addition, as other stakeholders also influence the potentials of the programme, their cooperative attitude is also needed.Research limitations/implicationsLimitations consist in generalisation: the study presents some cases from one single country and finally it focuses only on one specific case in one specific social and economic context in Hungary. Having recognized this risk, the author opted for basing research questions on theory, documented the process in detail, and also used triangulation through applying a multiple data collection (interview, content analysis, literature review) method.Practical implicationsBesides presenting an academic understanding of the phenomena, the goal of the study is to contextualize and interpret the case, to help the realization of currently frozen initiatives and to promote similar future ones.Social implicationsIndebtedness is a stressful situation affecting families, smaller communities and broader society as well. The planned cooperation of BAGázs and MagNet tries to help people excluded from the banking system. So that a deeper debt trap can be avoided, the goal of this programme is to purchase, partially discharge and reschedule pre-accumulated debts of carefully selected people who have regular income and are willing to undertake bearable repayment. The idea is very innovative with literally no good practice to follow. The research seeks to clarify the pitfalls and opportunities to help the realization of the project and similar future ones.Originality/valueA certain form of values-based banking concerns the financial inclusion of the poor, e.g. debt settlement. Nevertheless, over-indebtedness and the settlement of existing debts as well as the relevance of such issues to the financial inclusion are not emphasized enough in the literature or in practice. Besides presenting an academic understanding of the phenomena, the goal of the study is to contextualize and interpret the case, to help the realization of currently frozen initiatives and to promote similar future ones.

The relevance. The problems of addressing the issue of crisis phenomena in the development of cinematic language is due to the need to identify and study the contradiction between the need to update the cinematic language and established audience stereotypes in the rigidly established semiotic code of cinema. The development of clip­thinking against the background of the transition from book culture to media culture facilitated the emergence of a new cinematic language, which gave impetus to shift the emphasis of semiotic code from frame­sign, frame­symbol to defragmentation of time pause between structural elements of multi­series audiovisual work: episodes and seasons.
The purpose of the article is to describe the transition from "sign language" to "time language" as a logical revolutionary transformation of the classical language of cinema.
The methodology is based on culturological, historical and semiotic approaches.
The results. The development of modern technologies has led to a significant shift of emphasis from cinema towards the series. This was due to the possibility of expanding the story into projects, where the plot, characters and conflicts can be covered more deeply. A multi­series film can now better reveal the plot narrative, where there are more than twenty story lines and about two hundred important plot twists. Thus, the revolutionary changes in the semiotic code of the cinematic language have shifted towards serial creativity, which cannot be considered second­rate or low­quality — this is a fundamentally different set of logic. If you watch any good series according to the rules of watching a movie, where the frame is a hieroglyph, the result will be really bad. But if you apply clip­thinking­based principle of viewing, where the basic unit of information is time, the result will be completely different. A new cinematic language emerged due to the development of clip­thinking against the background of the transition from book culture to media culture, which gave impetus to shift the emphasis of semiotic code from frame­sign, frame­symbol to defragmentation of time pause between structural elements of multi­series audiovisual work: episodes and seasons.
The topicality. Different approaches to the problem of understanding cinematic text as a complex semiotic device are determined by cultural codes. The article develops a conceptual approach which is based on the fact that the transition from the memory culture and text culture to media culture is accompanied by a rethinking of the semiotic code syntax of the audiovisual work, that is its language that changes rethinking traditional discourse of the semiotics of audiovisual work.
The practical value. In the perspective of art history, the primary basis of cinema is a specific language developed throughout the history of cinema, which must develop, because the language that does not develop becomes a dead language. It is the understanding of cinematic language, the ability to freely express one's ideas and be understandable to the viewer, allows the author to express his/her idea in cinema.
Conclusions. The formation of clip­thinking in the era of media culture significantly encourages the search for new ways to develop the semiotic code of cinematic language. These processes should be in the field of close attention not only of art critics, but also of culturologists, sociologists, philologists and philosophers. Today, the emphasis of traditional cinema is gradually shifting from local history to expanding of its boundaries to infinity, that is the lack of a rigid structured entry point — transmedia storytelling. Time is a new constant of media text as opposed to cinematic text. The evolutionary development path of the language of traditional cinema did not stop, and the revolution did take place in the serial space, which led to the emergence of a new media syntax.

Over the past hundred years, the secularization thesis has allowed religion to be left aside when analyzing economic development, evolution of political regimes, or, for example, the peculiarities of state structure in any country. But today religion is becoming an increasingly significant force, the church is regaining its lost positions. Scientists have counted four stages of desecularization, the last of which began on September 11, 2001 and has been continuing to this day.
The World Wide Web has challenged the Church by creating an otherworldly (surreal or virtual) world. And the church humbly accepted its existence, just as it recognized the presence of a man in space, next to God. And all this follows one goal — to be close to the own flock. The massive fascination of people with computers, gadgets and the virtual world, including believers, led the Church to understand the obvious fact: the virtualization of being is a long process and can become useful.
Using the examples of religious organizations activity on the Internet, the question is investigated: what will ultimately result in their presence in the virtual world — in a person's cognition of a new (digital) formation in order to effectively keep it in his bosom, or will it become a reason for a new wave of desecularization in the post­industrial world?
The analysis of the content of the sites of the main confessions in Ukraine showed a more secular nature of the activities of religious organizations in comparison with the time before the emergence of the Internet. Their relations with all spheres — government, business, army, society have become public and stronger. The author came to the conclusion that the Church, as the personification of the main confessions, accepted virtual reality as a fact because believers have loved it. For the first time in the history of the Church, the attitude to a new phenomenon — virtual space — was dictated to her by believers. 2. In pre­Internet history, the Church fought for the "souls" of people. With the adoption of virtual space, human brains became its target. Using information technologies, computers, gadgets, smartphones and virtual space, the Church is fighting to remain an influential force in our time. 3. The content of the sites of religious organizations in Ukraine reflects a different level of trust (internal resistance, self­censorship) to the World Wide Web. They can be conditionally divided into three types. The first one — organizations fill websites like personal diaries, inspiring confidence with texts and illustrations of the church life of priests and parishioners. The second one — organizations use websites only for posting sermons, information about holidays, rituals, testimonies of a righteous life and so on. The third type of sites is a business card, which only declares the presence of an organization on the Internet: information about the chapter, about the organization, the schedule of current events and contact information. Accordingly, the first type has the highest traffic (site traffic), the latter has the lowest. 4. Common to all of them (with the exception of the UOC­MP) is the attitude towards the armed conflict in the East of the country (support for the institution of chaplaincy, guardianship of family members of military personnel who died in the combat zone, support of civilians that are suffering from hostilities, etc.) and to the unification of Orthodox communities into a single local church — the OCU (with the exception of the UOC­MP and the UOC­KP).

On 8th June 2020 Vladimir Putin signed into law a new bill amending Russian Commercial Code (RCC) introducing provisions that enable sanctioned persons to sue in Russian commercial courts their foreign counterparts irrespective of jurisdiction clause within the contract signed or international treaty. The main sponsor has given his name to the new Law, which is already known as Lugovoy Law. The sense of the Parliament was that to provide Russian sanctioned persons and their affiliates (both domestic and foreign) with extra support vis-à-vis ongoing and forthcoming litigations abroad. As of now, the RCC is supplemented by sections 248.1 and 248.2 and the commercial courts shall have exclusive jurisdiction over disputes involving persons that are subject to restrictive measures. The Law neither list countries and jurisdictions that shall impose sanctions on the Russian plaintiffs, nor specify type of restrictive measures. For instance, the Russian company sanctioned solely by Ukraine may prevent LCIA arbitration or High Court proceedings in England at the suit of its British opponent. In doing so, the Russian sanctioned Plaintiff is required adducing evidence to show deprivation from right to an effective remedy and to a fair trial abroad. Pursuant to the Lugovoy Law, the Plaintiff could be either an individual or a legal entity including foreign ones and be subject of restrictive measures imposed by any foreign country, union of states or by a body of certain interstate community. The Plaintiff's home commercial court shall have inherent jurisdiction to entertain cases arising out of the new Lugovoy Law. Meanwhile section 248.2 of RCC enables sanctioned persons to seek injunctive relief precluding foreign opponents either commencing or continuing court proceedings in foreign fora. It is a kind of ex parte anti-suit injunction previously unknown to the Russian legal order. The sanctioned person may invoke 248.2 relief once mailed by opponent's pre-trial letter. In support of the anti-suit injunction the Lugovoy Law allows sanctioned persons asking the court to order for security for costs. However, the amount sought shall not exceed the sum at stake in the main proceedings. Both orders made under the Lugovoy Law may be challenged on appeal at the Circuit Commercial court within one month. At the outcome, the protectionist logic of the legislature made foreign non-residents extraterritorially amenable to the jurisdiction of Russian commercial courts irrespective their personal law. This might provoke competition between jurisdictions and the emergence of two judicial acts on a dispute between the same persons on the same subject and grounds. If the major actors of the Russian economy decide to recourse to the provisions of the new law in disputes that have nothing to do with sanctions that may entail international tensions. The real purpose of the Lugovoy law is to create an extra tool to protect sanctioned persons and their interests. The opponents of those persons designated under some sanctions program shall not be able to recognise and enforce on the territory of Russia a judgment or arbitral award that in some extent appears to disadvantage Russian sanctioned persons. The author was followed by the objective to discover background and reasons behind the Lugovoy Law, as well as to attempt establishing its beneficiaries. Examining court proceedings versus Russian sanctioned persons abroad that have been commenced or disposed of within a month prior Andrei Lugovoy introduced his bill, it were found situations the Lugovoy Law would like to prevent and persons it tries to protect beforehand. In addition to this, the research focused on cases in Russian commercial courts wherein the Plaintiffs were trying to persuade the Commercial courts to apply the principles of Lugovoy bill before it has become law.

The choice of the countries of Southeast Asia as an example for analyzing the nature of interaction between developing countries and China within the framework of the Belt and Road Initiative is not accidental. The very logic of China's stated goals of gaining dominant positions in the world economy and politics makes it inevitable that the countries of Southeast Asia located in geographic proximity to it are included in its long-term economic and political plans. The question, however, is to what extent do they meet the interests of the Southeast Asian countries themselves? The solution to this question is the main subject of research in the article. There are objective prerequisites for mutually beneficial cooperation. The Belt and Road projects are viewed by China as a tool for economic expansion into the region with the prospect of taking a leading position there, using the interest of Southeast Asian countries in the inflow of foreign investment to create modern infrastructure, the lack of which narrows their opportunities for further economic growth, maintaining competitiveness and developing integration ties within ASEAN Community. Expert assessments made by international organizations confirm the positive impact of OBOR projects on the economic development of Southeast Asian countries and although today it is too early to draw any conclusions, since the initiative is only at the initial stage of its implementation in the region, nevertheless the case studies presented in the article indicate a mismatch in the positions of the parties on a number of issues related to the financing of projects, their lack of transparency. non-compliance with environmental and social requirements. The support of the initiative on the part of the Southeast Asian countries does not automatically mean their acceptance of the terms of the agreements proposed by China, which are far from always consistent with their national interests and give rise to fears in society about its expansionist intentions. Therefore, in many Southeast Asian countries, participation in OBOR projects is turning into a subject of political discourse, which reflects the presence of disagreements in society and confrontation of interests regarding the advisability of rapprochement with China, given the associated economic and political risks. The countries of Southeast Asia can be conditionally divided into two groups according to their relation to the Belt and Road initiative. The first group includes Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, the Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam and Myanmar, whose position can be described as national pragmatism. While supporting the Chinese initiative in general, they nevertheless assess the possible risks of their participation in projects and seek to reduce them. The second group is represented by Laos and Cambodia, whose leadership unconditionally supports the Chinese initiative, guided by the interests of their own survival, which largely depends on Chinese assistance. Therefore, the prospect of falling into a debt trap and increasing economic dependence on the PRC and even the threat of losing sovereignty does not deter them from participating in highly controversial projects from a commercial point of view. Based on the analysis made, the author comes to the conclusion that, given the existing alignment of political forces in Southeast Asia, China can count on promoting its initiative in the region, which, however, does not automatically lead to an increase in its political influence and to the creation of a China-centric model of regional order. Acknowledgements. The article was prepared within the project "Post-crisis world order: challenges and technologies, competition and cooperation" supported by the grant from Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation program for research projects in priority areas of scientific and technological development (agreement № 075-15-2020-783).

The article deals with theoretical and methodological approaches to the essence of the state sovereignty in modern conditions of legal globalization and European interstate integration from the point of view of searching for effective means of complex legal modernization of society. The author analyzes the legal content of this category, shows its specific features, reveals the importance of the processes of improving the basic elements of social relations and constitutional modernization of society and the state in modern conditions of legal globalization and European interstate integration. The need for further improvement of constitutional and legal regulation of the most important social relations as a key direction of legal modernization of social relations in a modern democratic state based on the fundamental foundations of European constitutionalism is underlined. At the same time, at the doctrinal level, there is no doubt that the Constitution of Ukraine has a certain degree of almost all the well-known features of the world, in particular, the European, constitutions. Summarizing the above, we consider it necessary to highlight the following main formal and legal features of the Constitution of Ukraine, which is the fundamental ground for modern constitutional and legal reform in our state: 1) a special subject accepting (people's character); 2) the fundamental (institutional) nature; 3) stability is coupled with dynamism; 4) reality; 5) formal and legal properties: the Constitution – the Fundamental Law of Ukraine; its highest legal force; Constitution – the legal base of legislation; A special procedure for making and amending; Special content and structure of the Constitution; Direct effect of its norms. This list is not exhaustive, but in our opinion, it is optimal for defining the main tasks and principles of constitutional and legal reform in the current conditions of legal globalization and European interstate integration. Thus, with the improvement of the Constitution of Ukraine as the main source of constitutional law of Ukraine, it is necessary to focus not only on the modernization of certain institutions that regulate it, but also on the strengthening of its legal properties in general. In other words, the leading role of the Constitution in the system of sources of constitutional law of Ukraine is due to its inherent legal properties, ensuring their effectiveness in society and is a priority task of modern constitutional and legal reform. Thus, under the constitutional and legal reform, in today's conditions of legal globalization and European interstate integration, it is necessary to reform of the sphere of constitutional law directly as a leading national branch of law of Ukraine, the formally-legal improvement and improvement of the constitutional legal material at all its system levels, as provisions, institutions, sub-sectors and industry as a whole. It should also be noted that the subject and object of the branch of constitutional law varies in modern conditions under the influence of a whole range of objective factors of legal and political reality, in particular, it refers to the processes of legal globalization and intergovernmental integration, which, in turn, internally causes the emergence of new branches and subnets of national law, strengthening the internationalization of constitutional law and the constitutionality of international and European law, the adaptation of domestic constitutional laws and to basic European legal standards as a prerequisite quality of the constitutional and legal reform in accordance with objectively existing conditions of society. The need for further improvement of the constitutional and legal regulation of the most important social relations as the most important line of public power in the context of the perception of the European legal system by the national legal system of Ukraine