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False data published by a psychologist influence policies for treating the mentally retarded. A Nobel Prize-winning molecular biologist resigns the presidency of Rockefeller University in the wake of a scandal involving a co-author accused of fabricating data. A university investigating committee declares that almost half the published articles of a promising young radiologist are fraudulent. Incidents like these strike at the heart of the scientific enterprise and shake the confidence of a society accustomed to thinking of scientists as selfless seekers of truth. Marcel LaFollette's long-awaited book gives a penetrating examination of the world of scientific publishing in which such incidents of misconduct take place. Because influential scientific journals have been involved in the controversies, LaFollette focuses on the fragile "peer review" process--the editorial system of seeking pre-publication opinions from experts. She addresses the cultural glorification of science, which, combined with a scientist's thirst for achievement, can seem to make cheating worth the danger. She describes the great risks taken by the accusers--often scholars of less prestige and power than the accused--whom she calls "nemesis figures" for their relentless dedication to uncovering dishonesty. In sober warning, LaFollette notes that impatient calls from Congress, journalists, and taxpayers for greater accountability from scientists have important implications for the entire system of scientific research and communication. Provocative and learned, Stealing Into Print is certain to become the authoritative work on scientific fraud, invaluable to the scientific community, policy makers, and the general public.

The entire world was taken by surprise when 1990 brought an end to Soviet communism in Europe and thus a genuine end to World War II. The fact that these developments surprised not only the leaders and the people of the countries concerned, but also scholars is an extraordinary challenge to the students of Soviet-type economics. In the academic world, where predictive force is one of the key indicators of a successful theory, this weak performance calls into question the validity of earlier findings and interpretations. Something was wrong in the general framework. Socialist Investment Cycles offers an explanation of this failure. Socialist Investment Cycles is the first monograph in English on investment fluctuations in planned economies, a chapter in history. While providing a broad overview of the literature on socialist investment cycles, as well as a quantitative description of the actual processes, the author puts forth a new framework for understanding investment fluctuations. In this framework socialist planners were able to adjust the volume of investments without risking the fulfillment of politically more sensitive target variables. Socialist Investment Cycles encompasses all thirty-five countries which were ruled by communism and is the first study to penetrate deeply into the data problem, country by country, and series by series. Socialist Investment Cycles has been written after the collapse of Soviet-type communism in Eastern Europe, the USSR, and the countries of Asia and Africa. It thus offers a retrospective view on both the theory and practice of socialist economies

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- A Word from the Author -- 1 INTRODUCTION TO THE U.S.-JAPANESE RELATIONSHIP -- 2 PORTRAIT OF TWO SOCIETIES -- The Beginning -- Religion -- Education -- Climate and People -- Youth -- The Business World and the "Salaryman," -- Retirement -- A Society of Achievers -- The Family -- Contrasts: The United States and Japan -- 3 ECONOMIC ADVERSARIES: THE JAPANESE CHALLENGE -- Some History -- Understanding the Crisis -- Resolving the Crisis: The U.S. Point of View -- Resolving the Crisis: The Japanese Point of View -- The Balance Sheet -- 4 ECONOMIC ADVERSARIES: MANAGING THE RIVALRY -- Interdependence and Change -- Collaboration-A Key to Defusing the Trade Crisis -- Changes in Japan's Economic Behavior: Some Positive Signs -- Forces Slowing Economic Change -- 5 MANAGING DEFENSE: THE GROWING DILEMMA -- Unsatisfactory Choices -- Some Historical Footnotes -- The Constitution: Article 9 -- The U.S.-Japanese Mutual Security Treaty -- The Three Nonnuclear Principles -- Other Constraints on Defense Policy -- Civilian Control of the Military -- Nature of the Present Defense Relationship -- Technology Transfer-Boon or Blunder? -- Opportunities for the United States and Policy Dilemmas -- Japan's Predicament -- 6 POLITICS AND DIPLOMACY: OMENS FOR THE ALLIANCE -- The Japanese Political Scene -- The Politician and the Party -- The Bureaucrat -- Durable Government -- Money Politics -- The Bifurcated U.S. Policy Toward Japan -- Japan's Neighbors: Friends or Foes? -- 7 POLITICS IN THE 1990s -- Stirrings of Internationalism -- The Economic Thrust to Politics -- The U.S. Point of View -- The Japanese Point of View -- Can One Expect Political and Social Change in Japan? -- 8 FROM REASON TO RHETORIC -- The Communication Dilemma -- The Perception Gap.

The explosive events in Eastern Europe and the dissolution of the Soviet Union have dramatically changed the political landscape that had existed for decades. The West must now develop new policies that are suitable for addressing the opportunities and challenges of the post-cold war world. Globalizing the GATT describes the task of integrating the Soviet Union's successor states and Eastern European counties into the global economy and focuses on their participation in the international trade participation in the international trade institution, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). Through a comparative analysis of the history of negotiations between the former Eastern European countries and the GATT, Leah Haus explains the current policy problems that must be addressed. Drawing on documentary sources and extensive interviews with former and current officials from the European Community, the GATT secretariat, Hungary, Poland, and the Untied States, the author traces the historical origins and evolution of the Soviet and Eastern European countries' relations with the GATT from the 1940s to the present. Haus demonstrates that economic issues have been less relevant to these negotiations than might be expected, because Western political-security concerns have predominated in the past. Strategic political objectives have driven Western policies when determining whether an eastern European country could affiliate with the GATT. Haus shows that trade policy issues generally surfaced when strategic political objectives dictated cooperation with an eastern European country, and in these cases the negotiations became enmeshed in broader West-West conflicts over multilateral and bilateral trade practices.

"The relationship between China and Japan remains among the most significant of all the world's bilateral affairs - yet it is also the most tortured and the least understood. Akira Iriye adds brilliant clarity to the past century of Chinese-Japanese interactions in this masterful interpretive survey." "Placing the relationship within its global context, he outlines three distinct periods in the history of these Asian giants. From the 1880s to World War I, the two nations struggled for power. Armaments, war strategies, and security measures played pivotal roles, reflecting the importance of military calculations in a world dominated by Western governments." "In the second period, that between the two World Wars, Iriye illuminates the dominant role of culture and the stress on internationalism. China's continuing literary influence, an exchange of ideas and students, reforms such as Japan's Taisho democracy and China's May Fourth movement, and both nations' bid for racial equality in the West profoundly affected these interwar years." "The third period reaches from the end of World War II through the present day, and is characterized by exchanges of an economic nature: trade, shipping, investment, and emigration. The author discusses the results of China's civil war, the rise and decline of the Cold War in the West, and the cultural and ecological problems brought by Japan's spiraling economic development. But economic ties remain deeply entwined with cultural concerns, and ultimately, Iriye stresses, the future of China and Japan depends on the successful cultural interdependence of what may be the most significant pair of countries in the world today."--BOOK JACKET

In this book overlapping generations economies are analysed from a game theoretical point of view and the social acceptability of consumption allocations is studied in infinite horizon models of pure exchange economieswith agents with finite lifetimes who behave cooperatively. The core of such economies and its relation with competitive equilibria, both walrasian and monetary and the essential characteristics of the overlapping generations model are examined. The author defines the problem of trust in intertemporal consumption allocations as a question of belonging or not to the core of economy and provides a full characterization of the core allocations for n-goods pure exchange economies with one agent per generation: a consumption allocation belongs to the core if and only it is Pareto optimal and Sequentially Individually Rational. From this it follows that for one commodity economies no consumption allocation involving intertemporal transfers can belong to the core of the economy. In other words, no monetary equilibrium is socially viable. This result is no longer true for many goods models. For that case it is demonstrated that there exist bounds on the real value of equilibrium money purchases beyond which monetary equilibria are not socially viableand with many agents in every generation it is shown that as the economy becomes large and monetary (as well as IOU) equilibria become eventually excluded from the core of the economy. These results provide an analytical rationale for the fact that in most countries fiat money is legal tender

I — Generalized Phase Changes -- Internal constraints and constitutive laws, by M. Frémond -- Liquid-vapour phase change in porous media, by P. Nicolas -- The Cahn-Hilliard model for the kinetics of phase separation, by C.Elliott -- An evolution problem related to shape memory alloys, by P. Colli -- Automatic control of one-dimensional thermomechanical phase transitions, by J. Sprekels -- Irreversible phase changes, by D. Blanchard -- Phase change without sharp interfaces, by A. Fasano and M. Primicerio -- II — Stefan Problems -- The Stefan problem revisited, by J.F. Rodrigues -- Stefan problem with surface tension, by A. Visintin -- On the singularities of one-dimensional Stefan problems with supercooling, by A. Fasano, M. Primicerio, S.D. Howison and J.R. Ockendon -- Kinetic undercooling regularization of supercooled Stefan problems, by S. Howison and Xie W. -- Two-phase Stefan problems with feedback controls, by K.-H. Hoffmann and N. Kenmochi -- Local mesh refinements for two-phase Stefan problems in two space variables, by R.H. Nochetto, M. Paolini and C. Verdi -- Linearization of parabolic free boundary problems, by R.H. Nochetto -- III – Miscellaneous Problems -- Externally induced dissipative collision, by M.M Marques -- Optimal control of systems governed by hemivariational inequalities, by P.D. Panagiotopoulos and J. Haslinger -- A mathematical formulation for a generalized Hertz impact problem, by J.A.C Martins and L. Trabucho -- Free boundary value problems arising in composite masonry structures, by C.C. Baniotopoulos -- On uniqueness for evolution problems with hysteresis, by M. Hilpert -- A diffusion problem with gradient constaint, by L. Santos -- AUTHOR INDEX.

Contributors -- Preface -- 1. Some applications of multilevel models of educational data / Donald B. Rubin -- 2. Empirical Bayes methods : a tool for exploratory analysis / Henry I. Braun -- 3. A hierarchical item-response model for educational testing / Robert J. Mislevy and R. Darrell Bock -- 4. Difficulties with Bayesian inference for random effects / Charles Lewis -- 5. Multilevel aspects of varying parameters in structural models / Bengt Mutheń and Albert Satorra. Discussions of papers by Mislevy and Bock, Mutheń and Satorra, and Lewis / Robert K. Tsutakawa -- 6. Models for multilevel response variables with an application to growth curves / Harvey Goldstein -- 7. Multilevel models : issues and problems emerging from their recent application in British students of school effectiveness / John Gray. What can go wrong with iteratively re-weighted least squares? / Peter McCullagh -- 8. Toward a more appropriate conceptualization of research on school effects: a three-level hierarchical linear model / Anthony S. Bryk and Stephen W. Raudenbush -- 9. Quantitative models for estimating teacher and school effectiveness / Stephen W. Raudenbush and Anthony S. Bryk -- 10. Multilevel investigations of systematically varying slopes : issues, alternatives, and consequences / Leigh Burstein, Kyung-Sung Kim, and Ginette Delandshere. Multilevel data analysis : a discussion / Hariharan Swaminathan -- 11. Profile predictive likelihood for random effects in the two-level model / Murray Aitkin -- 12. Fisher scoring algorithm for variance component analysis of data with multilevel structure / Nicholas T. Longford. Discussion of Aitkin's and Longford's paper / Paul W. Holland -- Addendum: Measurement of human variation : a two-stage model / R. Darrell Bock -- Author index -- Subject index.

Lord I'm Coming Home focuses on a small, white, rural fishing community on the southern reaches of the Great Dismal Swamp in North Carolina. By means of a new kind of anthropological fieldwork, John Forrest seeks to document the entire aesthetic experience of a group of people, showing the aesthetic to be an "everyday experience and not some rarefied and pure behavior reserved for an artistic elite." The opening chapter of the book is a vivid fictional narrative of a typical day in "Tidewater," presented from the perspective of one fisherman. In the following two chapters the author sets forth the philosophical and anthropological foundations of his book, paying particular attention to problems of defining "aesthetic," to methodological concerns, and to the natural landscape of his field site. Reviewing his own experience as both participant and observer, he then describes in scrupulous detail the aesthetic forms in four areas of Tidewater life: home, work, church, and leisure. People use these forms, Forrest shows, to establish personal and group identities, facilitate certain kinds of interactions while inhibiting others, and cue appropriate behavior. His concluding chapter deals with the different life cycles of men and women, insider-outsider relations, secular and sacred domains, the image and metaphor of "home," and the essential role that aesthetics plays in these spheres. The first ethnography to evoke the full aesthetic life of a community, Lord I'm Coming Home will be important reading not only for anthropologists but also for scholars and students in the fields of American studies, art, folklore, and sociology.

Intro -- Agency Theory, Information, and Incentives -- Copyright -- Preface -- Table of Contents -- Prologue -- Section 1 Agency Theory and Risk Sharing -- Agent and Principal -- Managerial Contracting with Public and Private Information -- Risk Sharing and Subcontracting -- Section 2 Information and Incentives -- Information Systems for Principal-Agent Problems -- Information Systems and the Design of Optimal Contracts -- Incentive Compatible Mechanisms for the Allocation of Public Goods -- Incentives to Forecast Honestly -- Section 3 Capital Markets and Moral Hazard -- Moral Hazard and Equilibrium Credit Rationing: An Overview of the Issues -- The Liquidation Decision as a Principal-Agent Problem -- On Stakeholders' Unanimity -- Section 4 Financial Contracting and Dividends -- Signalling and Market Behavior -- Dividend Policy under Asymmetric Information -- Why Leasing? An Introduction to Comparative Contractual Analysis -- Section 5 External Accounting and Auditing -- The Financial Theory of Agency as a Tool for an Analysis of Problems in External Accounting -- Asymmetric Information between Investors and Managers under the New German Accounting Legislation -- Auditing in an Agency Setting -- Investigation Strategies with Costly Perfect Information -- Section 6 Coordination in Groups -- Managers as Principals and Agents -- Misperceptions, Equilibrium, and Incentives in Groups and Organizations -- Intertemporal Sharecropping: A Differential Game Approach -- Section 7 Property Rights and Fairness -- Managerialism versus the Property Rights Theory of the Firm -- Contract, Agency, and the Delegation of Decision Making -- A Note on Fair Equality of Rules -- Section 8 Agency Costs -- Agency Costs and Transaction Costs: Flops in the Principal-Agent-Theory of Financial Markets -- Agency Costs are not a "Flop"!*) -- About Contributors -- Author Index.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- I. Overview -- 1. Postwar Trends and Patterns -- I. Introduction -- II. Households and Marriage Contracts -- III. Employment Contracts and Gender -- IV. Gender in the Old and New Systems -- 2. Choice, Contracts, and Structure -- I. Introduction -- II. Choices of Optimizing Individuals -- III. Contract Theory -- IV. The Structure of Constraints -- V. Summary -- II. Households -- 3. Household Formation, Marriage, and Divorce -- I. Introduction -- II. A Market for Partners -- III. The Search for a Partner -- IV. Marriage as an Implicit Contract -- V. Bargaining and Power -- VI. The Increasing Divorce Rate -- VII. The Process Repeated -- VIII. Summary -- Notes -- 4. Reproduction and Production in the Household -- I. Introduction -- II. Fertility -- III. Child Rearing -- IV. Emotional Labor -- V. Housework -- VI. Summary -- Notes -- 5. Consumption, Savings, and Retirement -- I. Introduction -- II. Consumption and Saving -- III. Aging and Retirement -- IV. The Consequences of Demographic Change -- V. Summary -- III. Employment -- 6. The Employment Relationship -- I. Introduction -- II. The Search for Jobs and Employees -- III. Spot Markets-The Orthodox Economic View -- IV. The Long-Term Employment Relationship -- V. Sociological Views of Employment -- VI. Summary: An Integrated View -- Notes -- 7. Gender, Jobs, and Wages -- I. Introduction -- II. Labor Force Participation -- III. Job Segregation by Sex -- IV. The Sex Gap in Earnings -- V. Sex Discrimination and the Law -- VI. Summary -- Notes -- IV. The Future -- 8. Future Trends in Households, Employment, and Gender -- I. Introduction -- II. Households -- III. Employment -- IV. Gender -- V. An Integrated View -- Bibliography -- Author Index -- Subject Index

Cover -- Half Title -- About the Book and Author -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- List of Tables -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- 1 The Nature and Origins of Economic Instability in the Third World -- The Symptoms of Third World Economic Crisis -- External Shocks and the Crisis of the Third World -- Explaining Economic Instability in Industrialized Capitalist Countries -- Notes -- 2 Domestic Policies of Stabilization and Adjustment -- On Finance and Adjustment -- On Stabilization Versus Structural Adjustment -- Policy Instruments of Stabilization and Structural Adjustment -- Alternative Policy Prescriptions -- Notes -- 3 Transnational Bank Finance and Structural Adjustment in Third World Countries -- Introduction -- The Growth of Third World Debt and the Debt Crisis -- Proximate Causes of the Debt Crisis -- Bank Vulnerability to the Debt Crisis -- The Attractiveness of the Third World Debt Market -- The Assessment of Creditworthiness -- The Attractions and Shortcomings of Bank Finance to Third World Countries -- Managing the Debt Crisis -- Medium-Term Prospects -- Notes -- 4 The International Monetary Fund -- Introduction -- The Structure of the Fund -- Fund Resources and Facilities -- Two Approaches to Crisis Management: The Fund Before and After 1981 -- Conditionality in Fund Stabilization Programs -- The Performance of IMF Programs in Terms of Their Own Objectives -- The Fund, the Major Debtors and the Banks -- Notes -- 5 The World Bank and Structural Adjustment -- Nature, Size and Terms of Structural Adjustment Loans -- The Conditionality of Structural Adjustment Loans and Its Rationale -- Formulation and Monitoring -- Relationships Between the World Bank and the Fund -- Assessment of Structural Adjustment Lending -- Concluding Observation -- Notes -- 6 Aid and the Economic Crisis -- Introduction -- Trends in Aid Flows.

American myths about national character tend to overshadow the historical realities. Reginald Horsman's book is the first study to examine the origins of racialism in America and to show that the belief in white American superiority was firmly ensconced in the nation's ideology by 1850. The author deftly chronicles the beginnings and growth of an ideology stressing race, basic stock, and attributes in the blood. He traces how this ideology shifted from the more benign views of the Founding Fathers, which embraced ideas of progress and the spread of republican institutions for all. He finds linkages between the new, racialist ideology in America and the rising European ideas of Anglo-Saxon, Teutonic, and scientific ideologies of the early nineteenth century. Most importantly, however, Horsman demonstrates that it was the merging of the Anglo-Saxon rhetoric with the experience of Americans conquering a continent that created a racialist philosophy. Two generations before the "new" immigrants began arriving in the late nineteenth century, Americans, in contact with blacks, Indians, and Mexicans, became vociferous racialists. In sum, even before the Civil War, Americans had decided that peoples of large parts of this continent were incapable of creating or sharing in efficient, prosperous, democratic governments, and that American Anglo-Saxons could achieve unprecedented prosperity and power by the outward thrust of their racialism and commercial penetration of other lands. The comparatively benevolent view of the Founders of the Republic had turned into the quite malevolent ideology that other peoples could not be "regenerated" through the spread of free institutions

This is a textbook designed for senior undergraduate courses in monetary economics, advanced macroeconomics, or macroeconomic policy. Students will feel comfortable with this material if they have completed an intermediate course in macroeconomics, relying on one of the more demanding texts in this field. The prime focus of the book is on the role of money in the macroeconomy and on the place of monetary policy as an instrument for controlling inflation and unemployment. There are only three important macrovariables that are features: the rate of inflation, the interest rate, and output or income. Behavioural relationships in the goods, money, and labor markets determine these variables, using only the now common IS-LM-AS model. The model is not ideological, but opposing views of the efficiacy of stabilization policy are allowed to confront each other. There is a great deal of emphasis on relating the theoretical propositions to recent Canadian and U.S. macroeconomic performance. To expose students to diversity of experience, both countries receive equal treatment, one to serve as an example of a closed economy and the other as an example of an open economy. The book relies mostly on verbal and diagrammatical exposition; equations are used to show why and how curves shift in the diagrams. Also, numerical examples are provided in 'boxes' at appropriate places in the text, and exercises are given at the end of most chapters. A booklet containing answers to these exercises is available to instructors on request to the author

1 Introduction -- 2 The Concept of Happiness -- 2/1 The various meanings of the word happiness -- 2/2 Happiness defined -- 2/3 Components of happiness -- 2/4 Adjacent concepts -- 2/5 Synonyms of happiness -- 2/6 Summary -- 3 Can Happiness be Measured? -- 3/1 Validity problems -- 3/2 Reliability problems -- 3/3 Problems of comparison -- 3/4 Summary -- 4 Indicators of Happiness -- 4/1 Indicators of overall happiness -- 4/2 Indicators of hedonic level of affect -- 4/3 Indicators of contentment -- 4/4 Composites -- 4/5 Do the three kinds of indicators tap different phenomena? -- 4/6 Summary -- 5 Gathering the Available Data -- 5/1 Searching empirical happiness studies -- 5/2 The studies found -- 5/3 Presenting the findings -- 5/4 Limitations of the data -- 5/5 Summary -- 6 Happiness and Living Conditions -- 6/1 Happiness and society -- 6/2 Happiness and one's place in society -- 6/3 Happiness and work -- 6/4 Happiness and intimate ties -- 6/5 Summary -- 7 Happiness and Individual Characteristics -- 7/1 Happiness and personal resources -- 7/2 Happiness and some personality traits -- 7/3 Happiness and lifestyle -- 7/4 Happiness and longings -- 7/5 Happiness and convictions -- 7/6 Happiness and appreciations -- 7/7 Summary -- 8 Antecedents of Happiness -- 8/1 Happiness and earlier living conditions -- 8/2 Happiness and earlier personal characteristics -- 8/3 Summary -- 9 Conclusions -- 9/1 Conditions of happiness -- 9/2 Myths about happiness -- References -- Author index.