Suchergebnisse

The purpose of the article is to construct an up-to-date research methodology which will allow to examine territories within the context of sustainable development issues. Sustainable development of socio-economic and natural systems in its entirety is impossible without a comprehensive consideration of key factors and conditions that affect the state and prospects for their development, and without a targeted impact on these factors and conditions. The main result of the study is the adaptation of the methodology to the study of sustainable development of territories with different economic specialization and growth potential. A successful solution to this task is impossible without the development and consistent application of the research methodology, adequate to the goals and tasks set, to the current situation and the long-term trends in the development of nature and society. The results of our research suggest the solution of applied socio-economic tasks for the development of territories (subjects of the Russian Federation, small and medium-sized cities) to improve the quality of life and sustainable economic growth.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the correlation between the figures of the real author and the fictional author-narrator in the novel by M.Yu. Lermontov A Hero of Our Time. It is shown that as a result of the inclusion in the text of the second edition of the novel (1841) of the author's preface, containing Lermontov's polemic with the reviewers of the first edition, there was an interference of the "I" of the real creator of the work and the "I" of the fictional author, to whom the stories Bela, Princess Mary and the preface to the diary of the protagonist are attributed. It is significant that some of the biographical features of Lermontov and the fictional author coincide, and the two prefaces overlap. Thanks to all this, the effect of a non-trivial literary game arose, based on the illusion of the authenticity of the events set forth in the novel: the real author seems to get acquainted with
Pechorin. This game is fundamentally different from the Sternian play and violation of the boundaries of the real and the fictional in A.S. Pushkin's Eugene Onegin, whose main characters are represented both by real persons and creations of the author's imagination. Unlike Pushkin and many contemporary Russian prose writers, Lermontov does not expose, but, on the contrary, hides the fictional, purely literary nature of his narrative. At the same time, the creator of A Hero of Our Time does not resort to literary hoax, does not directly try to pass off either the first-level narrator or Pechorin as the real authors of the novel or part of it. The story of A. von Chamisso The Extraordinary Story of Peter Schlemil could serve as a model for such a game, in which the central character, who tells a fantastic story of the events of his life, is an acquaintance of the author and his real-life friends.

This is an overview of the reports presented at the International conference on Italian Languages, Literature, and Culture Alisovskiye chteniya held on February 20, 2023 at the Faculty of Philology, Lomonosov Moscow State University. The academic gathering celebrated the anniversary of Professor Alisova, a founder of the italianistics in Russia. More then 50 attendees included language, history, literary, art and cultural experts from Russia, Belarus and Italy

Цель статьи – проанализировать соотношение сил между великими державами внутри "Группы 20" путем применения одного из вариантов метода многомерного шкалирования. На базе анализа связанных понятий "гегемония" и "сила" в международных отношениях в рамках неореалистских, неолиберальных и мир-системных теорий глобальной гегемонии были вычленены восемь критериев глобального лидерства: ВВП на душу населения, ППС; военные расходы (% от ВВП); общий объем резервов (включая золото); экспорт товаров и услуг (в долларах США); прямые иностранные инвестиции, чистый приток (в % от ВВП); численность населения в городских агломерациях, в которых проживает более 1 млн человек (% от общей численности населения); статьи в научно-технических журналах; патентные заявки, сделанные резидентами стран. В ходе исследования была проведена проверка устойчивости расчетов конфигурации глобального лидерства при изменении числа рассматриваемых государств (с 19, включая всех членов "Группы 20", кроме ЕС, не являющегося государством, на 14 государств, а также путем исключения из расчетов тех или иных государств "двадцатки"). Полученная модель демонстрирует, что позиции КНР резко усилились к 2009 г., в последующем Китай стал претендовать на абсолютное лидерство. Тем не менее, анализ характера (профиля) лидерства показывает, что США все еще обладают лидирующими позициями по большинству выбранных показателей, тогда как КНР имеет достаточно четко ограниченный профиль глобального лидерства, связанный с ускоренным (во многом догоняющим) экономическим и технологическим развитием. Также КНР еще достаточно далеко до глобального лидерства с точки зрения развитости социальных структур и даже с точки зрения военной. По многим количественным параметрам США уже стало тяжело эффективно осуществлять в мире свою гегемонию, но Китай еще не способен их заместить (прежде всего, по качественным параметрам). Разные варианты расчетов показывают, что конфигурация глобального лидерства зависит, фактически, только от соотношения сил между КНР и США, и не меняется при убавлении или прибавлении того или иного государства.

The object of this paper is the formation and development of the Russian expatriate history studies in 1920-1940s, and the characteristics of the Far East Russian expatriate historians. The author tries to analyze the theme of Russian expatriate historian contribution to the Russian national history. Russian expatriate historians actively participated in the academic research, book publishing, professional creation, social culture, education and other forms of activities. Through their works, they reproduced important events of Russia, Mongolia and China. In order to get accurate and mutual validation results, we have to use many generally accepted research methods, analysis of previous empirical data, and to consult lots of Russian expatriate materials during the study of Russian expatriate historian academic and social cultural activities. The key conclusion of the study is the following: this part of Russian expatriate historians made important contributions to the history studies development in China, and attention should be paid to their works, because the academic research activities of Russian expatriate historians have not stopped and continue today. The novelty of the research: it is the first comprehensive analysis of Russian expatriate historians' academic activities, specific working experience, and contributions to history studies, makes up for the gap of the study on Russian expatriate history studies in 1920-1940. In addressing the issues of the adaptation of the Russian scientific and historian in Manchuria, account should be taken of the biographies of eminent scholars as well as their educational activities in numerous schools. One of the tasks of Russian intellectuals in Manchuria is the promotion of Russian culture in Manchuria, which was always likely to be the key to understanding the history and culture of different peoples.

В статье рассматривается проблема разработки и реализации национальных концепций педагогического образования в Чувашском крае в период 1864-1930 гг. с целью раскрыть их влияние на систему подготовки кадров для образовательных учреждений на начальном этапе становления системы профессионально-педагогического образования в регионе. Актуальность проблемы неразрывно связана с возможностью обращения к опыту реализации национальных образовательных концепций, позволивших вполне успешно решать ключевые задачи в вопросах подготовки и переподготовки педагогических кадров для разных ступеней образования в многонациональном обществе и способствовавших созданию благоприятной обстановки для развития образовательного пространства в целом. Работа основана на принципах историзма, системности и объективности с применением преимущественно общенаучных методов исследования. Авторы акцентируют внимание на необходимости комплексного изучения особенностей развития профессионального педагогического образования в Чувашии с учетом региональной специфики. Приведены взгляды видных деятелей просвещения чувашского народа, чьи идеи послужили основой устройства системы образования в Чувашии. Результатом исследования стало понимание того, что введение национальных компонентов в обучении позволило подготавливать учителей, знающих родной язык учащихся, умеющих правильно организовать учебный процесс. Также представлены выводы о деятельности Чувашского педагогического института, способствовавшего увеличению численности научно-педагогических кадров в регионе и повышению квалификации учителей школ республики.
The article is devoted to the problem of development and implementation of national concepts in pedagogical education in Chuvashia in 1864-1930 to reveal their influence on the system of staff training for educational institutions at the initial stage of formation of professional-pedagogical education in the region. The relevance of the problem is inseparably connected with the possibility of using the experience of implementation of national educational concepts which allowed solving quite successfully the key problems in issues of training and retraining of pedagogical staff for different levels of education in multinational society and promoted the creation of favorable conditions for the development of educational space in general. The work is based on the principles of historicism, consistency and objectivity using mainly general scientific research methods. The authors emphasize the need for a comprehensive study of the development of professional pedagogical education in Chuvashia, taking into account regional specificity. The paper represents views of prominent educators of the Chuvash people, whose ideas served as a basis for the educational system in Chuvashia. The result of the study is the understanding that the introduction of the national components in education allowed the training of teachers who know the native language of the students and are able to organize the educational process correctly. The paper also presents the conclusions about the Chuvash Pedagogical Institute, which has contributed to the increase of the number of scientific-pedagogical staff in the region and the professional development of teachers in the schools of the republic.